Lanthanum oxide Nanoparticles (La2O3NPs ) absorption and its distributive effects on elements in male Wistar rats femur bone was investigated on four groups of 4-week-old Wistar rats orally administered different doses (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg per day) for 31days. The animals were sacrificed, the femur bones were collected, digested by Microwave-Induced Combustion (MIC), and the metal content was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that there are differences in the elemental concentrations of the femur bone sampled and the La2O3NPs concentration. The La2O3NPs concentration treatment was moderately (R = 0.0004952–0.8361) positively correlated with the trace elements in the femur diaphysis. High (R = 0.001021–0.9741) positive correlation was found in the epiphysis. Hence, a comparison of femur Epiphysis and Diaphysis metal concentrations in the region assessed by correlation analysis can be used to determine the natural elemental concentration in bones of mammalian organism.
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4(CDK4) is responsible for the progression of cell cycle at G1-S phase. CDK inhibitor alters the cell cycle that will inhibit cancer cell formation. Spirooxindole derivative targets p53-MDM2 interaction that inhibits CDK4 protein which results in inhibition of cell cycle. Spirooxindole is a unique three- dimensional scaffold that was first isolated from Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae plants. Spriooxindole is a promising drug through many years which can be used to treat an array of diseases such as cancer, analgesic, mental disorder, bacterial and viral infection. From past decade spirooxindole became a huge topic of interest in bio medicinal field due to its multipotentability. In our present work, we have performed QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) and Molecular modeling studies on a series of chiral tetrahydronaphthalene-fused spirooxindole, resulting in a cross validated r2cv value of 0.858 obtained by Leave one out method (LOO), and predicted r2pred.0.622 with coefficient of correlation of (r) that was obtained by the multiple regression analysis is0.949.A series of new compounds were designed based upon the generated QSAR model. Afterwards these compounds were docked with the protein and checked for their ADME properties. Toxicity of the new compounds was also predicted.
Crude caffeine was isolated from kola nut, by treating the filtrate obtained from powdered kola nut with lead (II) acetate to precipitate acids and albumins, along with HCl to precipitate lead ions, and to make some insoluble tannins to be soluble, then Na2CO3 solution was added to neutralise the acidic HCl solution. Dichloromethane is added to the filtrate to extract the caffeine from the aqueous layer and then distilled to obtain the crude caffeine. The extracted crude caffeine is recrystallized with activated charcoal and tested for its antioxidant capacity, using the DPPH assay, which screens the antioxidant activity of plant extracts. The DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) in methanol helps to facilitate the extraction of the antioxidant compounds from the sample. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is used as the standard for this assay, due to its appreciable antioxidant activity. The IC50 value was calculated from the graph of % inhibition against concentration, and the extracted caffeine from kola nut was found out to have a high antioxidant activity comparable to that of the standard, ascorbic acid.
The phytochemical composition of a plant gives an impression of its medicinal property. Plumbago Zeylanica (Pz) is one of the medicinal plants in sub-Saharan Africa consumed as a supplement for maintaining good health and as an aphrodisiac for enhancing sexual vigor. There is paucity of data on the phytochemical screening and the acute Oral toxicity of root of Plumbago zeylanica harvested in Africa. This study evaluated the bioactive compounds and the acute Oral toxicity of ethanolic root extract of Pz. Phytochemical screening was done using standard and the acute Oral toxicity was conducted and computed using the improved Up-and-Down (UPD) method of Organization for Economic corporation and Development test guideline 425 statistical program which provides a point estimate of LD50. Phytochemical analysis revealed high phenolic and steroid content, a moderate content of flavonoid, terpenoid and alkaloids. Saponin was not detected. The phytochemical composition of ethanolic root extract of Pz suggest a high nutritional and medicinal value, the LD50 was >5000mg/kg body and the smallest usable dose recommended is 100mg/kg body weight.
Cefixime nanoparticles were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation with syringe pump (APSP) method. Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods I and II for the analysis of cefixime nanoparticles in either pure form or their pharmaceutical formulations are described. Method I is based on the oxidation of the drug with ferric ion succeed by complex development reaction with 1, 10-phenanthroline (1, 10-PTL) to obtain orange-red colored chromogen shows λmax at 510 nm also the method II on the reaction between diazotized drug with diphenylamine (DPA) in neutral medium to yield a pink-colored product which has λmax at 512 nm. The products are unchanging for more than 10 and 4 hrs respectively. Common excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical dosage do not impede the proposed methods. Thus the proposed methods proved to be easy, low cost, and accurate, are highly reproducible and have been applied to a broad range of pharmaceutical preparations and the outcome compares favorably with those of the official method. Prepared nanoparticles samples showed a better outcome than bulk drug samples.
