In market conditions and alternative decision-making, determining the reasons for changes in results at the company level becomes an integral part of the management process and its audit by the owner. The article considers the tools that allow this to be done. Factor analysis can not only reflect the reasons for changes in the company’s income, but also provide an opportunity to compare them with the average market data. The object of the study is the results that are formed due to controlled factors in a tourism company. The purpose of the work is formulated as the creation of models for assessing the managers’ decisions in the tourism business. The objectives of the study are to determine such factors that are available for measurement within the company and the market and reflect the features of tourism activities (number of tourists, tour packages, number of simultaneously traveling tourists), and are not based on universal approaches to assessing the activities of commercial companies. Methodology and research methods are as follows: abstract logical approach. Generalization of the results is carried out through formalization in the form of a deterministic model. The models proposed for assessing the activities of the tourism business allow measuring the contribution of each factor to the company’s income and comparing this impact with the behavior of other market participants. This allows the manager to adjust strategies for the next planning period. It also provides an opportunity for an objective assessment of the decisions made in the current year for both the manager and the business owner. The use of factor analysis models is demonstrated using the example of an Irkutsk tourism company, data on the Russian and regional markets. For an objective assessment of activities, it is recommended at the federal and regional statistics level to reduce to uniformity the reporting form filled out by tourism organizations and the official data posted by Rosstat.
n the context of the global energy transition and growing climate challenges, Central Asia is acquiring strategic importance within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative as a key region for the development of renewable energy. The object of the study is energy cooperation between China and the Central Asian countries within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, and the subject is the potential, practices and barriers to interaction in the field of new energy, including solar, wind and hydropower. The purpose of this work is to comprehensively analyze cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries in the field of new energy. The objectives include assessing the potential of renewable energy sources in the region, reviewing ongoing projects with China’s participation in solar, wind and hydropower, as well as identifying the main infrastructural, institutional and geopolitical barriers. The methodological basis of the study is a systems approach, which used comparative and case analysis, as well as the study of scientific literature in several languages, which made it possible to comprehensively assess the features of energy cooperation between China and the Central Asian countries. The presented research results confirm that Central Asia has great potential for renewable energy, but the new energy cooperation with China in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has achieved remarkable results, but the overall progress is uneven, facing multiple challenges such as geopolitical competition, aging infrastructure, lack of green finance, shortage of human resources, cross-border water resource disputes and social risks. In conclusion, to achieve sustainable development and unleash the potential of new energy cooperation, Central Asian countries and China need to strengthen policy dialogue, improve green financing mechanisms, promote energy governance and infrastructure modernization, and effectively manage socio-political risks.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the institutional foundations of age-oriented public policy in the context of global demographic aging. Despite the growing recognition of age as a politically significant category, in many countries the fragmented age agenda remains the dominance of paternalistic practices and weak institutional sensitivity to the problems of ageism and age segregation. The object of the research is the age policy of states; the subject is the institutional forms and mechanisms for implementing the policy of age inclusivity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the conceptual and institutional foundations of age mainstreaming as a strategy for integrating the age dimension into public administration processes. The research solves the following tasks: substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of age inclusion; analysis of international and national strategies of age mainstreaming; identification of institutional practices that ensure the involvement of older citizens in public and political life; identification of challenges to the implementation of age-sensitive policies at the state level. The research methodology is based on institutional analysis, normative political science and a comparative approach to the political practices of demographic adaptation. As a result, it is shown that age inclusivity requires rethinking old age as an active stage of life and transforming the architecture of public administration. The barriers to the institutionalization of age mainstreaming are revealed, including weak interagency coordination, insufficient representation of the elderly in government, and limited normative recognition of age as a factor of inequality. The importance of international experience (UN, WHO, EU) is noted, as well as Russian initiatives within the framework of the national Demography project are analyzed. In general, the state policy towards the elderly population is at the stage of formation, and despite some progress, there is no systematic implementation of the principles of age mainstreaming, as well as interdepartmental coordination of actions. This poses risks to sustainable development and increases age inequalities. It is concluded that age inclusion is not only a social necessity, but also a political challenge that requires the systematic integration of the age dimension into the policy of sustainable development, equality and democracy
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of theoretical concepts relevant to modern political science discourse, considering the transformation of national identity in the context of the educational policy influence. The object of the research is educational policy as a specialized political resource, a set of technologies and strategies that influence the change of national identity through its own system of institutions and institutions. The subject of the study is the concentration of attention on one of the indicators of «soft power», which can be considered an objective and reliable criterion. The purpose of the study is to identify specific aspects of the influence of educational policy as a tool of «soft power» on the processes of transformation of national identity in the context of theoretical conceptualization. Research objectives: a preliminary analysis of key theoretical approaches to determining the forms of influence of educational policy as a tool of «soft power» on the transformation of national identity; clarification of criteria for the development of subsequent communication policy strategies and their systematization. The methodology of this research has been largely developed taking into account certain political science vectors, is aimed at solving current problems and includes: analysis of concepts and theories that consider educational policy as a tool of «soft power» and ways of its influence on the formation of the value foundations of national identity developed in foreign political science; comparison and systematization of theoretical approaches used in Russian political science, to study the specified list of issues. The results of the study indicate that the process of national identity formation is a multilevel and multidimensional system that requires an integrated approach and coordination of key vectors in the conceptualization of political science meanings. The authors state that in the context of globalization and cultural heterogeneity, the role of educational policy as a tool of «soft power» is increasing, contributing to the strengthening of national identity, the preservation of cultural heritage and the formation of a sense of belonging to the national community.
The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of solving the problem of processing chromium-containing stored tailings, which represent a promising resource for increasing the production of chromium concentrate and reducing the environmental impact on the environment. The object of this study is the processing of chromium-containing tailings using flotation technology. The subject of the study is samples of stored tails of the Donskoy Mining and Processing Complex. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimal parameters of the flotation enrichment of the chromium-containing tailings. The main objectives of the research are to determine the rational interval of the fraction size of chromium-containing tailings, the processing of which by the flotation method would be effective from the point of view of obtaining a concentrate with acceptable recovery of a valuable component, and to determine the optimal collector consumption, ensuring the required final results of flotation enrichment in plane the recovery and quality of the chromium concentrate. To select rational enrichment modes, a method for optimizing the flotation enrichment of stored chromium-containing tailings has been applied, which is based on the use of a new economically oriented criterion - a function of the cost of non-recoverable metal and losses due to a decrease in the quality of the concentrate obtained (reduced chromium losses).The results of the conducted research are the optimal parameters of flotation enrichment of stored chromium-containing tailings. The optimal collector consumption has been determined, at which the lowest value of the reduced chromium losses is achieved. When using the selected collector flow rate, the Cr2 O3 content is achieved in the range of 47–50 %, which corresponds to the M3 concentrate grade, subject to restrictions on the mass fraction of iron and silicon oxide. It is shown that the range of fineness of the tail fraction chosen for flotation enrichment, despite the different flotation capacity of individual fineness classes, does not require adjustment by additional grinding or additional desliming. The main conclusion from the conducted research is to substantiate the possibility and expediency of using flotation technology for processing stored chromium-containing tailings of a wide range of fineness, which makes it possible to obtain branded M3 concentrate with 72–76 % Cr2 O3 recovery tailings using flotation technology.
Environmental protection issues in international cross-border three-member regions (I.C-B.T-M.Rs) have become increasingly acute in recent years due to the intensification of economic development. The object of this study is specific territorial structures — I.C-B.T-M.Rs —that form at the junction of the state borders of three countries. The objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the movement of frontiers for economic and environmental development. The objectives of the study are to summarize concepts of frontier movement from various branches of geography; develop an ideal model; and adapt the model to the I.C-B.T-M.Rs at the eastern junction of the borders of Russia, China, and Mongolia. The main research methods are generalization and spatial modeling. The result of generalizing global practices of interaction between frontiers of two types of development has been a model of counter-movement: economic (centripetal) and environmental (centrifugal). Around the junction of the three borders, in response to the threat of economic development and the disappearance of natural landscapes, a tripartite specially protected natural area – a nature reserve ‒ is being formed, which seeks to expand its boundaries. At the eastern junction of the borders of Russia, China, and Mongolia, the central zone has been pierced by pioneering development routes, depriving the trilateral reserve, formed from three border reserves, of the possibility of creating continuity. Economic development has approached the border reserves on the Chinese and Mongolian sides through a frontier of bases forming continuous networks. On the Russian side, the economic frontier is wedge-shaped, forming a tree-like base-and-route pattern and allowing for centrifugal expansion and the incorporation of smaller border specially protected natural areas into the reserve. The economic frontier forms an open arc along the Mongolian-Chinese border, but it is the ends of this arc that are most actively advancing toward the junction.
Culture phenomenon in modern political discourse is a multifaceted phenomenon that includes not only issues related to art, but also acts as a link between different social groups in the issue of passing on national norms, traditions, and values from generation to generation, where political science plays a special role today. The presented study is an attempt to look at cultural issues from the standpoint of political analysis. In this regard, the object of the study is culture as a tool for assessing the worldview of student youth in the higher education system. The purpose of the study is to identify the main preferences of student youth using the example of the regional industry university of culture in Kuzbass in relation to socio-cultural and political attitudes. The tasks included: a review of scientific literature devoted to the formation of socio-cultural and political values in the worldview of young people; conducting a sociological study in the form of focus groups among KemGIK students; identifying preferences in the value system of young people through the prism of the category of culture. The research methodology included the use of focus groups, as well as systematic and comparative approaches to generalize and systematize data. In the course of political analysis, a key feature in the preferences of young people is revealed: the older the course of study, the higher the level of approval and understanding on the part of student youth of the decisions taken by the state in matters of preserving and strengthening traditional values. It is noted that a significant place in the current information agenda is occupied by the concepts of “tradition”, “identity” and “politics of memory”, which are subject to the influence of political events both in the country and in the world. At the same time, the state policy on patriotic education of the younger generation plays a connecting role in this.
Due to the fact that in Russia the share of students in the total population is quite significant, the study of issues of consumer preferences of this segment of the population in the field of credit products seems relevant. The object of the study is students of universities in the city of Samara. The subject of the study is consumer preferences of students of universities in the city of Samara in the field of credit products and services. The goal of the study is the analysis of consumer preferences of university students in choosing credit services provided by various credit institutions. The author has outlined the following tasks: firstly, to carry out a theoretical analysis of the most cited works in the field of formation of consumer preferences of students in order to identify key research trends in the selected problem area; secondly, to develop a specialized questionnaire aimed at identifying key consumer preferences among young people studying at universities; thirdly, to carry out a sociological study with subsequent statistical processing of the results; fourthly, to formulate conclusions and recommendations. The following are chosen as key tools for the study: theoretical (analysis of the scientific layer of works in the field of research into the formation of consumer preferences among students), sociological (development of a specialized questionnaire with subsequent organization and conduct of an anonymous survey), statistical (processing of the results, their assessment and interpretation in order to form conclusions and recommendations). The conclusion is formulated that students belong to a special group of the population, on the one hand, differing in the range of their needs, and on the other hand, as a rule, not possessing the necessary knowledge in the field of financial literacy and characterized by a low level of awareness of available credit products. According to the conclusions made, the following factors can influence the formation of students’ consumer preferences: increasing the level of financial literacy, improving tools for informing students about the possibilities of using credit and financial products, subsidizing loans, information support for students on lending issues.
This paper examines the policies of the ASEAN member countries under the influence of the energy transition and climate change. The object of research is the energy sector of the ASEAN countries, in particular Indonesia and Vietnam. The main purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the development of green energy in Southeast Asian countries, implemented as part of joint decarbonization policies and initiatives within the framework of ASEAN membership, using the example of two dynamically developing countries, Indonesia and Vietnam, which face the need to balance their economic growth with energy security and green initiatives. The objectives of the study are to study the approaches of countries to the introduction of renewable and alternative energy, to consider the main government programs for the support and development of the industry, and to evaluate efforts to achieve climate standards. The key vectors of changes in the energy policy of Indonesia and Vietnam are identified, as well as the main problems of implementing initiatives for the ASEAN countries are formulated. National decarbonization strategies, including adaptation to renewable energy, are being considered. The methodology and research methods have been compiled by comparative and statistical methods, the work uses data from Russian and foreign scientists. The conclusion is drawn about the gradual transition of Indonesia and Vietnam to low-carbon energy, subject to the growing importance of the environmental agenda, but not yet dominant in terms of the priority of energy accessibility development. Special attention is paid to national plans for energy development, including abandoning the use of coal, an energy resource so popular in these countries, and attracting international financing to newly developing industries. Despite national policies on the energy transition, its development is slow due to economic and political constraints. The priority of the two countries is given to improving energy accessibility, which includes the development of non-”environmentally friendly” hydrocarbons, which highlights the uneven transition of Indonesia and Vietnam to low-carbon energy. For the further development of ASEN, the transition of Indonesia and Vietnam to a new generation of energy will play a crucial role in meeting the international agenda.
Since the founding of the PRC, China has evolved from a developing third world country to a potential world leader, the implementation of whose global goals is carried out diplomatically, determined by the foreign policy strategies of the country’s leaders. The global presence of China, broadcasting its vision of solutions to international issues, creates a demand for the study of national foreign policy concepts and their implementation in diplomacy. The object of the study is the diplomacy of modern China. The subject is the main stages of modern Chinese diplomacy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the stages of development of modern Chinese diplomacy in the context of the country’s foreign policy. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined: to consider modern foreign policy concepts and strategies of China; to highlight the main vectors and events at each stage of the country’s political life; to determine significant areas of China’s diplomatic activity at each stage; to present individual examples of the practical implementation of diplomatic tools by China. The research methodology of the article is based on the chronological method, systems analysis, deduction and induction. The article examines the main foreign policy concepts of China from the initial period of the PRC formation to the present, highlights significant events in the country’s foreign policy that have strictly defined the guidelines of Chinese diplomacy for a long time, and pays attention to examples of the transformation of Chinese diplomacy. The article suggests that in the future, Chinese diplomacy will continue to move towards even greater involvement of China in all directions in the world system, while maintaining national identity and “adapting” globalization processes to itself.
The relevance of the study is determined by the search for modern trends in the development of financial management: capital management, integrated management of liabilities and assets, management of resources and financial savings of the bank. The study is based on the analysis of the financial statements of a large Russian bank – VTB Bank PJSC, which involves the analysis and evaluation of banking operations in terms of profitability, liquidity and risk. The article demonstrates an approach that allows for an economic assessment and the possibility of managing operational, translation, credit, deposit, interest rate and currency risks. The object of the study is the process of forming the bank’s financial indicators. The article presents the results of an analysis of the modern methodology and methodological approaches to financial performance management using VTB Bank PJSC as an example. The results of the analysis of the financial statements and calculated financial indicators of the bank for 2020-2024 are given. The goal is to find methods and tools to help improve the management of financial results. The stated objective necessitated solving problems related to the analysis of theoretical approaches to financial performance management, the study of methodological tools for its assessment, the development of an analytical research block for objective comparison with competitors, and the development of recommendations for improving financial asset management based on risk assessment. The study is based on induction, deduction, and general knowledge methods. To improve management, a comparative analysis of the bank’s financial and economic reporting with those of other banks, expert assessments, factor analysis, financial performance modeling, and an analysis of regulatory requirements are included. The study results demonstrate that, when using logical, statistical, factor analysis, and modeling methods, scenario approaches can be used as the primary tool for developing a plan of organizational and economic measures to improve the bank’s financial performance management. The conclusions are based on practical recommendations for developing a comprehensive innovative approach to financial performance management that takes into account the specifics of the bank and current trends in the national economic development. The study proposes new methods for analyzing income and expenses, allowing for a more accurate identification of profitable and unprofitable segments of a bank’s operations, which makes it possible to optimize operations and increase their overall profitability through rational cash flow management.
The article discusses the features of the territorial nature protection system in the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. The relevance of the study is related to the uniqueness of the region under consideration and the low level of research on environmental protection measures. The object of the study is the system of specially protected natural areas, and the subject is the representativeness of the system. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation and prospects for the development of the system of protected areas in the Umnugovi aimag. The objectives of the work include assessing the current state and landscape diversity, identifying existing negative impacts for nature conservation, and exploring ways to further develop the system. While there is a significant lack of comprehensive geographical studies on this topic in the scientific literature, there are numerous articles focusing on specific plant and animal species in the Gobi Desert. Methodologically, the study is an analytical generalization based on statistical information, primary materials from the Mongolian Ministry of Nature Protection and Climate Change, information provided by the management offices of protected areas, and field research 2022–2025 using cartographic and remote methods, as well as interviews with local residents, employees of protected areas, and aimags and soums administrations. The region is characterized by a low population density, difficult accessibility, and harsh physio-geographical conditions for living and economic activities, which allows for relatively good preservation of biotic and landscape diversity. The protected areas are represented by various categories with a significant total area. However, there are natural areas that are important for inclusion in the unified system of territorial nature protection. The problem remains the division of the Gobi Desert’s integrity by the Mongolia-China state border and the existing transport corridors. The negative impact of mining operations and the transportation of their products is particularly evident for wideranging and migratory animal species. As a practical recommendation, it is necessary to increase the area of individual protected areas and provide passages under railway and automobile roads to facilitate the wild ungulates migration.
Political advertising plays a key role in shaping electoral behavior and public opinion. This research is relevant in the light of growing political competition and difficulties in communicating the advertising message to the target audience. Against the background of the digital technologies dynamic development and increasing complexity of the information environment, the electorate is increasingly selective about political content, which makes the “interest in nominees” factor one of the decisive factors in evaluating the effectiveness of advertising strategies. The object of the study is political advertising. The subject is the influence of audience interest in political nominees on the perception and effectiveness of election campaigning. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize, based on the analysis of scientific literature and empirical data, the mechanisms by which interest in the nominees affects the political advertising effectiveness, as well as to determine the directions of future research related to this issue. The methodology includes content analysis of political advertising, discursive analysis of candidates’ rhetorical strategies, as well as the study of empirical data from opinion polls. The article presents an analysis of how linguistic and media strategies contribute to the sustained interest formation in a candidate, enhancing the impact of political messages. It also shows how a high degree of interest in a candidate enhances the cognitive and emotional engagement of voters and affects the perception of election slogans. The relationship between the personalization of political discourse, lexical and rhetorical means of persuasion, and the dynamics of electoral preferences is demonstrated.
The article is based on the materials of the monograph “Methodology of the systematics of matter”. It presents the results of the scientific research in the field of natural sciences, published in 8 monographs and in more than a hundred articles of the author. A reasonable approach of transforming, utilizing the cognitive capacity of a huge volume of heterogeneous interrelated information, concepts, judgments, based on the laws of logic, has required unconventional ways of analytical material systematization - the use of a matrix methodology to identify theoretical and methodological prerequisites for cognition the nature and ways of extracting new knowledge about energy evolution of the Universe. Some items from the information processing list are the components of artificial intelligence (AI). The first part of the article “The Matrix of the energy evolution of the Universe” presents models of fundamental, energy and rank structural systems, establishes the sequence of their energy relationships and the model of a methodological system, consisting of 40 methodological areas and 160 methodological research techniques. The understandable matrix information model is a graphical form of the system law of the Universe evolution. These models have made it possible to rationalize the study of the created systems. In the second part of the article, the AI of the matrix information field has identified a complex of 8 energy processes of the evolution of the Universe. It includes interference, diffraction, and fluctuation, nuclear and electromagnetic processes, polymerization, synergetics and structurality. The relevance of the research is to obtain breakthrough results in the field of interdisciplinary natural sciences on the evolutionary energy processes of self–organization and structuring of the Universe matter. The object of the research is the energy processes of self-organization and structuring of matter. The subject of the study is the importance of wave–particle properties in the evolutionary transformations of matter. The purpose of the research is to create new models of the Universe evolution and the properties of its matter by the method of system modeling, design features of structural systems, processes and sophisticated methods of their study. The research objectives are to obtain breakthrough knowledge in the field of natural sciences about the Universe evolution using matrix methodology. The main result of the research is the clarification of the formulation of the systemic law of the Universe evolution and the recommendation to use structural systems and a complex of energy processes as components of AI when creating computer programs.
The relevance of the problem is due to the influence of changes in outdoor air temperature on the temperature fields of permafrost and the ecological state of natural and man-made systems. The object of the study is a soil massif including permafrost. The subject of the study is soil temperature fields under conditions of increasing average annual air temperature. The purpose of the work is to predict changes in the temperature fields of permafrost under conditions of global warming in Transbaikal region. The objectives of the study are to analyze changes in air and soil temperature in the region during warming, to predict the effect of soil temperature and humidity on changes in the temperature of permafrost using a numerical method. The methodology and methods implement the assessment of the global warming impact on permafrost, the analysis of changes in air and soil temperature and the prediction of permafrost degradation using a numerical method. The distribution of temperature fields in the soil is determined by solving nonlinear heat and mass transfer problems. As a result of the studies, patterns of changes in soil temperature fields with an increase in air temperature depending on the humidity and temperature of permafrost in the Transbaikal region are established. The position of the upper boundary of permafrost is determined under global warming conditions taking into account the specified factors. The analysis of the results of the studies allows us to identify soils that are most susceptible to changes in their occurrence conditions with a change in atmospheric air temperature. The most dangerous combinations of factors causing permafrost degradation in the area of the facilities are established. The scope of the results is to determine the state of soils to ensure the sustainability and environmental safety of construction and mining facilities under construction and adjacent to them.
The values of the parameters that are the initial data for determining the required capacity of sludge tanks are adopted without sufficient scientific justification, which leads to significant discrepancies between the design and actual parameters of treatment facilities and the need to adjust the water treatment process. The object of the study is sludge tanks at developed placer deposits. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methods used to calculate the capacity of sludge tanks and to make recommendations for the justification of some components of the calculation formulas. Research objectives are as follows: to perform a systems analysis of the existing design methods for treatment facilities at placers and existing design solutions; to conduct field studies at placer gold mining sites; to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the parameters of sludge tanks; to develop recommendations for adjusting the existing formula for determining the required capacity of a sludge tank. Research methodology and methods have become: analysis of traditional methods for calculating the required capacity of sludge tanks; comparison of the design and actual parameters of treatment facilities; conducting field studies with sampling of ephels and process water at operating facilities with subsequent laboratory testing, primarily of the granulometric composition of enrichment tailings and suspended particles in process water. As a result, based on a systems analysis, the main components of the formula used to determine the required capacity of sludge tanks have been identified, which are adopted without sufficient justification and can vary widely under different water treatment conditions; recommendations are developed for adjusting the formula for calculating the required capacity of sludge tanks and the accepted values of the initial data. The results of calculations using the proposed formula differ from the traditional one by up to ± 75 %, but generally correlate with the recommended values of the VNIII-1 Instruction and field research data. Therefore, taking into account the recommendations, the design value of the required capacity of sludge tanks will be more justified and it will have a positive effect on the quality of water treatment and performance of industrial devices.
The article is based on the results of the author’s research on the problem of digital identity of modern student youth in one of the regions of the Siberian Federal District ‒ Kemerovo Region ‒ Kuzbass. The object of the study is the value system of student youth in the region using Kuzbass as an example. The goal of the article is to consider the main manifestations of digital identity among student youth of Kuzbass universities, where political preferences are integrated into the system of professional preferences and are largely the result of the digital culture development in the younger generation, and also act as a response of youth to the political request for the formation of patriotic sentiments in the country. In accordance with the stated goal, the following tasks are defined: to compare the preferences of student youth of Kuzbass universities in social networks based on the results of a sociological survey and the focus group method; to identify the main priorities in the system of students’ values in relation to digital resources, indicating manifestations of digital identity in matters of political and professional preferences. The research methodology is based on the methods of a sociological survey and the focus group conducted in November–December 2024, as well as comparative and systemic approaches. The obtained results show that the student youth of Kuzbass universities generally has similarities in matters of digital identity. Political preferences in the digital space of KemSU students are manifested mainly in watching political and partly historical films, in contrast to the extremely insignificant demand for this content among students of the university of culture (KemGIK). It is substantiated that professional preferences in the educational activities of modern students largely coincide with leisure activities when using digital resources in the form of social networks, video hosting sites, and programs. It is noted that the digital content posted by young people in social networks does not always provide a complete picture of the value system of the younger generation, in particular in matters of political preferences.
The article examines the emergence process of the advanced development territory «Transbaikalia» using a historical approach. The relevance of the work is due to the need to increase regional policy effectiveness, attract investment and stimulate economic growth in the Transbaikal Territory. The object of the study is the Transbaikal TOP, and the subject is the prerequisites and factors of its formation. The purpose of the study is to identify the key prerequisites and analyze the factors contributing to the creation of a TOP. Research objectives are as follows: analysis of the region’s historical development, potential assessment of the Transbaikal Territory, identification of opportunities to use the benefits of trade for socio-economic development, as well as analysis of social and infrastructural conditions for attracting investment and entrepreneurship development. Methods of historical and comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of data are applied. The economic, social and infrastructural factors influencing the formation of the TOP “Transbaikalia” are considered. Historical, statistical data, regulatory legal acts, analytical materials, online resources, publications in scientific journals have served as materials. Research results: the paper evaluates the experience of implementing preferential regimes, and analyzes the factors determining the results of attracting investments. The process of territory formation is considered in detail, key points and features contributing to its development are highlighted. As a result of the research, the authors have developed a periodization of their own experience in implementing preferential regimes, as well as a systematization of factors that made it possible to identify the prerequisites for the emergence of the Transbaikal TOP. Conclusions: it can be argued that the formation of the advanced development territory “Transbaikalia” is a multidimensional and complex process caused by various factors. A clear understanding of the prerequisites for the Transbaikal Territory emergence and the main factors of its formation allows the region to effectively develop and implement development strategies focused on creating a favorable investment and business environment.
This article examines the geoecological condition of territories associated with the negative effects of recreational activities in specially protected natural areas, which are of great value for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment – geosystems, for this purpose they are created. However, in modern conditions of anthropogenic load, geosystems of protected areas are indirectly or directly affected, which is reflected not only in changes in the species composition of plant communities, but also in digression or complete changes in the geosystems themselves. Therefore, the relevance of this article is beyond doubt. The object of the study is the recreational territories of the Tunkinsky National Park. The purpose of our study is to assess the geoecological condition of recreational areas in the Tunkinsky National Park, and the main tasks are to determine the degree of recreational digression in the park territories and to propose recommendations for reducing and improving their condition. When laying the key sections, the requirements of GOST 17.4.4.02- 84 and GOST 28168–89 have been taken into account. The area of one key site is 100 m2. The results of the study have showed that irregular recreational loads are the causes of the digression of territories. To assess the geoecological condition, field studies of recreational areas are conducted, and based on the results obtained, their digression is determined. At the initial stage of digression, some plant species are replaced by others, further digression leads to the development of linear erosion, pollution, cluttering, destruction of the soil layer, etc. A geoecological assessment of recreational loads has allowed to conclude that recreational digression of stages 3 and 4 prevails in the national park, and environmental protection measures have been proposed to regulate recreational loads.
Extensive development of internationalization, transnationalization and globalization of business activity has caused the need to develop scientific tools for managing international companies in the context of interaction of political, economic and cultural factors. The relevance of this study is beyond doubt, due to the pervasive trend of globalization and its profound impact on the transformation of management activities. Doing business in the context of globalization requires managers to understand economic mechanisms and the ability to adapt to cultural contexts, taking into account the ethical aspects of activity. One of the striking manifestations of globalization is the transformation of management activities, the emergence of new management functions. The purpose of the study is an attempt to understand the impact of globalization on modern management and the system of state regulation of the market economy. The objectives of the study include the analysis of traditional forms of management, and the adaptation of management theory to the conditions of globalization, its impact on management mechanisms. The theoretical basis is scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists. The methodological complex includes a systems approach, abstract logical, historical and economicstatistical methods. The information base is official data from international and national agencies, publications by domestic and foreign authors. At the current stage of economic globalization, international management is becoming a tool that shows the way through the crisis phenomena in the world economy. In this new paradigm, decentralization and “virtualization” of management are like currents that change the landscape of management systems. From production management to improving the system as a whole, globalization determines the direction of management activities and forces companies to rethink their strategies in the era of change. In the context of globalization of the world economy, international management is becoming an important tool, and decentralization and “virtualization” of management change management systems. Globalization determines the direction of management activities, forcing companies to adapt to a dynamic external environment.
