Objective To evaluate the effect of Mediterranean diet on serum biochemical indexes in middle-aged and young patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）.Methods A total of 108 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 54 patients in each group.The intervention group received Mediterranean diet intervention,while the control group maintained its original dietary pattern.The effects of Mediterranean diet on liver function and blood lipids were observed.Results After intervention,the indicators glutamyltranspeptidase,alkaline phosphatase,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Adjusting dietary structure can effectively improve hepatocyte damage and lipid metabolism in patients with NAFLD.
Objective To understand the current situation of rural residents’ drinking water in summer in Jilin Province,and provide reference for further guidance of rural residents’ healthy drinking water.Methods A total of 2 296 rural residents aged 15 to 75 in the eastern,central and western regions of Jilin Province were selected by multistage random sampling survey.Results The median daily direct water consumption of rural residents in Jilin Province in summer was 1 400ml.The daily water consumption of male residents was more than that of female residents.The daily water consumption of farmers was more than that of non-farmers.The daily water consumption of people aged 60 to 75 was less.Compared with residents living in the eastern and western regions,the daily water consumption of residents living in the central region was the least（all P＜0.05）.Amount of 47.04% of rural residents meet the recommended standard for daily drinking water.56.85% of the people "drink water only after feeling thirsty".Conclusion The daily direct water consumption of rural residents in Jilin Province is low in summer,and the rate of reaching the standard of drinking water needs to be improved.It is suggested to further strengthen the education of drinking water health knowledge and publicize scientific drinking water methods.
Diabetic foot is the most severe and costly chronic complication of diabetes, with complex etiology and difficult treatment. Currently, communities and hospitals in China are actively engaged in the prevention and control of diabetic foot, but the efforts are still in their early stages. The implementation of effective measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot is of great significance. This article introduces the main evaluation methods for diabetic foot disease internationally, as well as the prevention and treatment measures in China, and summarizes the characteristics of various evaluation methods and management measures. Based on these measures, this article explores a comprehensive management approach for diabetic foot disease throughout the entire cycle.
This study aims at people with different types of chronic diseases and environments, expounds and analyzes the application of exercise prescription in the management of chronic diseases, and discusses the existing problems and future development through consulting the literature and combining with work experience. To provide basis for promoting healthy China, promoting the integration of sports and medicine, and innovating the management mode of chronic diseases..
Objective To understand the laboratory test results and population characteristics of voluntary blood donors from blood donation sites in Wuhou District of Chengdu City,and to provide the basis of formulating strategies for recruiting voluntary blood donors,so as to improve the quality of clinical safe blood use.Methods A total of 13 312 blood donors from blood donation sites in Wuhou District of Chengdu in 6 years were classified according to different distribution characteristics,and the unqualified rate of blood test results was statistically analyzed.Results From 2016 to 2021,the unqualified rates of blood testing for hepatitis C,syphilis,and HIV among voluntary blood donors from blood donation sites in Wuhou District were 0.5%,0.4%,and 0.3%,respectively.The positive rates of hepatitis C and syphilis showed a downward trend in the 6 years,and the overall change of HIV was not significant.The syphilis positive rate was the lowest in the age group of 18 to 25 years old（0.2%）,and the highest in the age group of 36-55 years old（0.6%）;the difference between different ages was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.The positive rate of hepatitis C and AIDS was the highest in 18-25 years old,but there was no significant difference between the groups（P＞0.05）.Conclusion The unqualified rates of hepatitis C,syphilis and HIV testing among voluntary blood donors from blood donation sites in Wuhou District from 2016 to 2021 were relatively high.Therefore,it is necessary to continue to strengthen enzyme immunoassay and nucleic acid testing,increase publicity and education on unpaid blood donation,and strictly conduct blood sample infectious disease screening to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.
Implementing hypertension “Internet Plus” health management intervention on patients can effectively control their blood pressure, reduce the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and promote the treatment effects of the disease. This paper makes a SWTO analysis on the application of "Internet Plus+" health management in patients with hypertension.
The "AIDS prevention and health education activity in colleges and universities" was carried out in 2014. The hospital expert team and colleges and universities jointly conducted AIDS prevention and education for college students. Through the specific analysis of the activities in recent years, explore a new form of AIDS prevention and health education activities of "universities+hospitals".
Objective To explore the cognition and real experience of elderly patients with falls during hospitalization.Methods A total of 12 elderly patients who fell during hospitalization were interviewed in depth,and the data were analyzed by phenomenological analysis.Results The real experience of patients was summarized into three themes:cognition,experience and demand.The elderly patients had insufficient awareness of the risk of falls;falls during hospitalization can bring negative experiences to them;the need for information to prevent falls is not urgent.Conclusion Understanding the cognition and real experience of elderly patients with falls during hospitalization is helpful to improve the understanding of medical staff,provide targeted preventive measures,and help reduce the negative impact of falls on patients.
Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） smear combined with health education in improving the symptoms of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods A total of 84 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to a hospital were randomly selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the alternate order of case number,with 42 cases in each group.The control group received routine rehabilitation training intervention,and the observation group added TCM smear combined with health education intervention on the basis of routine rehabilitation training intervention.Difference-in-difference（DID） method was used to compare the improvement of TCM syndrome score,Oswestry Dability Index（ODI）,the western Ontario and Mc Master universities osteoarthritis index（WOMAC） and simplified quality of life scale（SF-36） of the two groups.Results After intervention,the TCM syndrome score,ODI and WOMAC scores of the two groups were decreased,and the decrease trend of the observation group was higher than that of the control group（P＜0.001）;the SF-36 score of patients in both groups increased,and the trend of increase in the observation group was higher than that in the control group（P＜0.001）.Conclusion On the basis of basic rehabilitation training,the combination of TCM smear and health education is of great significance for the improvement of disease symptoms and the recovery of knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis,and can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients,which is worthy of promotion.
Objective To understand the level of acute myocardial infarction first aid literacy of the elderly in Jinshan District of Shanghai and its influencing factors,so as to provide the basis for formulating the relevant health promotion strategies.Methods The aged 60 and above were selected as the research object in two communities were randomly selected from 11 street towns（industrial zones） to carry out a questionnaire survey.The number of people surveyed in each community was no less than 210,and the cumulative number of people surveyed in this survey was 503.Results The acute myocardial infarction first aid literacy level of the elderly was 9.15%.Among them,the levels of the first aid awareness,first aid knowledge and concept,and first aid skills and information application were 9.94%,20.08% and 17.50% respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of acute myocardial infarction first aid literacy of elderly was related to education level（OR=2.008）and chronic disease prevalence（OR=2.225）.Conclusion The level of acute myocardial infarction first aid literacy of elderly people in Jinshan District is low.Health education should be strengthened for the elderly,especially for the elderly with low education level and without chronic disease.
Objective To analyze the current situation of health literacy and related risk factors of occupational population in Baihe Town of Qingpu District in Shanghai.Methods A total of 1 000 occupational people in Baihe Town were selected as the study subjects,and the current status of their health literacy level was investigated and risk factors were analyzed.Results The rate of health literacy of occupational population was 41.3%（413/1 000）.The difference in the three dimensions of health literacy among different occupational groups was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.Among them,doctors have a high rate of health literacy and social workers have a low rate.There were statistically significant differences among different occupational groups in terms of infectious disease prevention,chronic disease prevention,safety and first aid,basic medical care and health information（P＜0.05）.Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,sex,education level,occupational nature and family economy were the factors that affected the health literacy of the respondents,and the difference was statistically significant（P ＜0.05）.Conclusion The health literacy of the occupational population in Baihe Town still needs to be further improved,and health guidance should be carried out for key groups to improve their health literacy level.
Nudge theory is a research field that has emerged in the field of health behavior promotion in recent years,and with the development of the Internet, it has gradually evolved into digital nudging, which is widely used in dietary behavior interventions and its effectiveness has been verified in several studies domestic and international. This study reviews the recent research of digital nudge in dietary interventions, elaborates the concept, mechanism and classification of nudge theory and digital nudge, and reviews the practical application of digital nudge theory in dietary behavior interventions from four aspects: cognitiveoriented nudge, emotion-oriented nudge, behavior-oriented nudge, and hybrid nudge. On this basis, the effectiveness and ethical issues of nudging theory is analyzed. Corresponding suggestions are made in order to provide references for health education practitioners and make suggestions for the development of dietary behavior interventions in China.
Objective Using the time series ARIMA product seasonal model to predict the incidence trend of chicken pox,and provide reference for the early prevention and control of chicken pox in Jiading district.Methods The total permanent resident population of Jiading District in Shanghai from 2012 to 2022 was obtained by referring to Shanghai Statistical Yearbook.The information of chicken pox cases in Jiading District from 2012 to 2022 was collected by using the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and the incidence of chicken pox in 2022 was predicted and analyzed with the actual data.Use the SPPS 21.0 time series modelexpert modelers to extrapolate the monthly incidence of chicken pox in 2023.Results Using the goodness of fit test of parameters and models,as well as the test of residual white noise sequence,the expert modeling model ARIMA（0,1,1）（0,1,1） 12 had a good fitting effect.The predicted results showed that the incidence of chicken pox in Jiading District in 2023 was 56.68/105.Conclusion The constructed ARIMA model by the expert modeler can accurately and effectively predict the incidence trend of chicken pox in Jiading District,which can provide positive and effective basis for early warning.In practice,combining social,natural and other influencing factors,the prevention and control of chicken pox can be targeted to improve work efficiency and prevention effect.
Objective To study the influencing factors of cerebrovascular function in the elderly in the community,and to provide the evidence for stroke risk assessment and prevention.Methods A total of 5 447 people aged 60 and over in the community were selected as the study subjects,and the cerebrovascular function test was performed to obtain the cerebrovascular function score.At the same time,the risk factors of stroke were investigated,measured and detected.The subjects were divided into normal cerebrovascular function group and abnormal function group,and the relationship between exposure of various risk factors and cerebrovascular function was analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the exposure of female,atrial fibrillation,hyperuricemia,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,BMI and other risk factors and whether the cerebrovascular function was abnormal（P＜0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormal cerebrovascular function was mainly affected by factors such as systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,and BMI.Conclusion The abnormality of cerebrovascular function is closely related to the exposure of risk factors such as blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,BMI,and is the result of the comprehensive effect of risk factors.
Objective To understand the current situation of hand hygiene behavior of Shenzhen citizens and explore the relevant influencing factors. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a network survey, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of Shenzhen citizens’ hand-washing behavior. Results A total of 3 337Shenzhen citizens were surveyed, 55.26% of whom were male and 44.74% of whom were female. Their ages were mainly concentrated in the two stages of 18-30 years old（32.99%） and 31-40 years old（51.06%）. The results of single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences（P＜0.05） in the way of hand washing among the respondents in terms of age, education level, and occupation. In the hand-washing situation, there was statistically significant difference between the respondents of different sex, age, education level and occupation（all P＜0.05）. Multi-factor logistic regression showed that in the way of washing hands and hand-washing situation, education and occupation were the factors that affected the way of washing hands of citizens and the hand-washing situation, the difference was statistically significant（all P＜0.05）. Conclusion The hand hygiene behavior of Shenzhen citizens needs to be improved. The government and relevant epidemic prevention agencies should publicize the importance of hand hygiene and call on citizens to wash their hands carefully and correctly, so as to effectively block the spread of the epidemic and promote the change of public protective behavior.
Objective To evaluate the iodine nutritional status of school-age children in Huangpu District of Shanghai by investigating the levels of urine iodine and salt iodine in school-age children.Methods A total of 450 children aged 8-10years were selected from 10 schools in Huangpu District by random sampling.The subjects were tested with questionnaires,salt iodine level and urine iodine concentration.Results The results showed that the median urinary iodine was 199.00 μg/L.The proportion of urine iodine suitable,deficient and over suitable was 32.67%,17.56% and 49.78% respectively.The average salt iodine was 17.33±11.56 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 71.56%.There was statistically significant difference in urine iodine levels between different sexes and ages（P＜0.05）.There was statistically significant difference in the effect of iodized salt consumption on urinary iodine level（P＜0.05）.Conclusion The iodine nutrition of school-age children in Huangpu District is suitable,but there is also a certain proportion of iodine deficiency and iodine excess.The salt iodine concentration should be further reduced to make the iodine nutrition level of the general population more suitable and strengthen health education for key groups of iodine nutrition.
Objective To analyze diabetes and its risk factors in a community in Shanghai,and provide basis for prevention and treatment of diabetes in community.Methods A total of 991 residents aged from 35 to 94 in Xinchang community were investigated with questionnaires,physical examination and laboratory tests by multistage stratified cluster sampling.Results The crude prevalence rate of diabetes in Xinchang Community of Pudong New Area in 2021 was 28.46%,and it was 10.70% after standardization.There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes among people of different gender,age and BMI index（all P＜0.05）.Among them,men（37.17%） are higher than women（22.12%）,and the prevalence rate of the 75 year old group is higher（39.86%）.The prevalence rate of diabetes in obese and overweight people is higher than that in lean BMI and normal people.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender and age were the factors influencing the prevalence of diabetes（all P＜0.05）.Conclusion Gender,age and BMI are the risk factors of diabetes.Appropriate exercise and weight control should be carried out,targeted community publicity on diabetes should be strengthened,and good living habits should be formed.
Objective To analyze the prevalence of dental caries among primary and secondary school students in Chongming District of Shanghai from 2019 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of dental caries among students in the future.Methods Students in 11 primary and secondary schools in Chongming District were examined for dental status,and a database was established for statistical analysis.Results A total of 7 597 students were monitored from2019 to 2021,and the caries rate of students in 2020 was higher（65.52%）.The difference between different years was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.Among them,the caries rate of 12-year-old children and permanent teeth has statistical difference（P＜0.05）,and has a downward trend.The incidence of caries in girls was higher than that in boys,and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）.The incidence of caries in primary school is high.Conclusion The incidence of dental caries in primary school students in Chongming District from 2019 to 2021 is relatively high,which should be paid special attention to.The oral health education for students and their parents should be done well,and the scientific and standardized oral health care behavior should be cultivated.
Objective To investigate the satisfaction and demand of the members of the health self-management team in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for better carrying out the work of the health self-management team and improving the satisfaction of the members and the participation of the residents. Methods A multistage random sampling survey was conducted. The self-made questionnaire on Satisfaction and Demand of health self-management service among Xuhui district residents was used. The influencing factors of satisfaction were analyzed by independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results A total of 464 people were investigated, with an average age of（62.9±13.1） years. 74.8% of the members had chronic diseases and other health problems. The average score of the respondents’ satisfaction with the health self-management service of the residents was（93.11±10.86）. Among the seven scoring items, the average score of the overall satisfaction item was the highest（14.36±1.51）. The average score of incentive items for external personnel is the lowest（13.42±2.71）. Amout of 40.5%of the investigators’ opinions on health self-management group activities felt that group activities were too short. Family support（t=8.042, P＜0.05） and activity frequency（t=4.455, P＜0.05） were significantly correlated with satisfaction scores. The demand for health lectures is high（97.9%）,“watching TV/radio”（56.7%） is the main way to obtain health information, and “unskillful use of electronic products such as mobile phones and computers”（23.1%） has a high degree of trouble when querying health information. Conclusion The members of the health self-management team in Xuhui district have a high degree of satisfaction with the service, but the staff motivation and other aspects still need to be further improved. In terms of demand, managers should take measures to improve the frequency and quality of health lectures, and service personnel should pay attention to the use of electronic products among elderly members.
