Objective To investigate the LRP-1(LDL receptor-related protein)expression in frontal lobe, hippocampus and striatum of different month-old rats.Methods Rats of one month old, three months old and ten months old were used for study. Fluorescein activated cell sorter(FACS) was used to test and calculate the mean fluorescent index of LRP-1 in different cerebral regions.Immunohistochemical technique was used to test the expression of LRP-1 in the nerve cells and microvessels of hippocampal CA1.Results The mean fluorescent index of LRP-1 in hippocampus of ten-month-old rats was significantly decreased,but there was no significant difference between every two groups in frontal lobe or striatum.The mean fluorescent index of LRP-1 in hippocampus was significantly higher than that in frontal lobe and striatum.All nerve cells and microvessels had LRP-1 expression.The density of LRP-1 in hippocampal CA1 microvessels decreased quickly with aging,but the density of LRP-1 in nerve cells showed no significant difference between groups.Conclusion The LRP-1 expression in hippocampus decreases quickly with aging, especially in the hippocampal CA1 microvessels.
Objective To explore the application and therapeutic efficacy of Plavix in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Ninety-one patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTCA) and stenting were divided into two groups: group A(26 patients receiving Plavix) and group B(65 patients receiving ticlopidine).The antiplatelet efficacy,side effects and cardiovascular events during follow-up were compared between the 2 groups.Results The antiplatelet efficacy and cardiovascular events during follow-up were not significantly different between the two groups(P0.05),but the incidence of side effects in group A was lower than that in group B(11.54% versus 35.38% respectively,P=0.008).Conclusion The application of Plavix in patients undergoing PCI is safe and effective.
Objective To explore if there is relationship between carotid lesions and cerebral infarction in elderly and attempt to screen out the indexes of carotid lesions related to cerebral infarction. Methods Color Doppler ultrasonography was applied to 51 cases of cerebral infarction group and 25 cases of non-cerebral infarction group.The intima-media thickness(IMT),the degree of stenosis,carotid plaque and the index of change in the blood flow status of bilateral common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries were examined.Results The IMT of common carotid arteries,the detection rate of carotid plaque,the plaque scores and the rate of soft and compound plaques in the infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The end diastolic velocities in the common carotid and internal carotid arteries were lower in the infarction group than in the control group. Conclusion It was likely to have relationship between carotid lesions and cerebral infarction. The IMT,the rate of the soft and compound plaques and the end diastolic velocity were valuable indexes of carotid lesions related to cerebral infarction.
Objective To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in elderly people with heart failure.Methods Plasma BNP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in asymptomatic heart failure patients(aSHF,n=21),symptomatic heart failure patients(SHF,n=42) and normal controls(n=18).The cardiovascular events,plasma BNP concentration and heart function were compared.Results Plasma BNP concentration increased progressively in normal controls group,aSHF group and SHF group.It also increased by degrees of classification of NYHA of heart failure.A plasma BNP concentration exceeding 70 ng/L had a sensitivity of 90.48%,specificity of 94.44%,negative predictive value of 90.48% and positive predictive value of 95% for detecting patients with aSHF.The accuracy of heart functional classification of NYHA,LVEF and BNP compared with cardiovascular specialists classification was 81.9%,73.0%,and 85.7%,respectively.In near future,the incidence rate of cardiovascular events between aSHF and group NYHA Ⅱ had not notable difference,but in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,it was especially higher than normal controls and aSHF group.The plasma BNP concentration of the patients who had cardiovascular events in SHF group was higher,and LVEF was lower than those who had no cardiovascular events.Conclusion Plasma BNP concentration can reflect severity of heart failure and has correlation with heart structure and function.It is important for diagnosis of aSHF.It might have a prognostic value for cardiovascular events in near future for elderly people with heart failure.
Objective To assess collateral compensative capacity by transcranial Doppler(TCD) in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion .Method In 80 aged patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion, collateral circulation pathway in circle of Willis and ophthalmic artery was measured by TCD.Results TCD showed collateral patency of anterior communicating artery in 93%,posterior communicating artery in 51%,and ophthalmic artery in 25%.Absence of collateral flow was found in 4 patients(5%) with symptomatic occlusion.Thirty-one patients (39%) had 1 collateral pathway,36 patients(45%) 2 collateral pathways,and 9 patients (11%) 3 collateral pathways.The mean flow velocity of middle cerebral artery in asymptomatic patients was significantly higher than that in symptomatic patients(P0.01).Conclusions TCD can help to know the collateral compensative capacity of patients with internal carotid artery occlusion.
Objective To observe the relation between of essential hypertension accompamed by arterioselerosis obliterans of legs and platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa in old patients and its clinical implication.Methods The activity level of GPⅡb/Ⅲa,platelet aggregation rate and other platelet parameters in the elderly essential hypertensive patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of legs(n=32)were measured by flow cytometer.The elderly essential hypertensive patients(n=30)and healthy volunteers (n=30) served as controls.Results The level of GPⅡb/Ⅲa and platelet aggregation rate in the elderly essential hypertensive patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of legs were higher than those in elderly essential hypertensive patients and healthy volunteers(P0.01). The level of GPⅡb/Ⅲa and platelet aggregation rate in the elderly essential hypertensive patients were higher than those in the healthy volunteers(P0.01).The fibrinogen level was higher in the elderly essential hypertensive patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of legs than in the healthy volunteers(P0.01).The activity level of GPⅡb/Ⅲa was to positively correlated platelet aggregation rate in the elderly essential hypertensive patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of legs(r=0.8701、P0.01).Conclusion The platelet GPⅡb/Ⅲa and platelet aggregation rate were closely related to the the elderly essential hypertensive patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of legs and had clinical value for estimating the activity level of platelet and vascular changes.
Objective To investigate the changes and significance of calcium-activated potassium(K Ca)channels in aortic smooth muscle cells of New Zealand rabbits with atherosclerosis(AS).Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,the control group and the AS group.Single aortic smooth muscle cell was obtained by enzymatic treatment. Patch clamp technique was used to record the single K Ca channel current. The signal of channel open probability(Po), mean open dwell-time(To), mean close dwell-time(Tc) and current amplitude were recorded by the software of Pclamp 7.0. After adding different concentrations of Ca 2+ to the bath solution respectively, the above parameters were observed again.Results Compared with that of the control group, the activity of K Ca channel in the AS group was higher.Conclusion There was higher K Ca channel activity in atherosclerotic smooth muscle cells, which was possibly involved in the mechanisms of compensatory vasodilation in AS.
Objective To study the role of doxycycline,which is the exogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs),in left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Seventy rats were randomly divided into the groups of control(n=10), operation control(n=9), one day after myocardial infarction (MI) (n=10), one week after MI (n=10), two weeks after MI (n=8),four weeks after MI (n=7), treated with doxycycline for two weeks after MI (n=8) and treated for four weeks after MI (n=8). The activity of MMPs was measured by zymography and collagen amount by the method of chloramine T.The ratio of Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen was assessed by immunohistochemical stain. Protein and mRNA of MMP-2,-9, TIMP-1 were determined by Western-Blot and RT-PCR. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography (Acuson Sequoia 512). Results The activities and amounts of MMP-2,-9 decreased significantly,the mRNA of MMP-2, -9 reduced,the collagen amount decreased and the ratio of I/ Ⅲ increased in doxycycline groups as compered with infarction group. The amount of protein and mRNA of TIMP-1 did not change.Conclusions The effects of doxycycline on the activity of MMP-2,-9 may be one of the mechanisms which intervene in the ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction.
Objective To explore the protective effect of Yueanxin Injection(YAXI) on the viable myocardium and its mechanism in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods 102 patients with AMI were randomly divided into the YAXI group(n=51) and the control group(n=51).All patients were given the conventional treatment and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA).Seven days before treatment with PTCA,the patients of YAXI group were treated with YAXI 40 ml dissolved in 5% glucose 500 ml iv drip qd.The course of treatment in both groups was 4 weeks.Results The number of patients with ∑STI readuction≥50% and complete recovery ST-segment of was larger in treated group than in the control group.The effect of YAXI was observed through comparing the changes of ΔT,LVEF,count and scoring of abnormal nuclide distribution segments,as well as scoring of nuclide filling defect between the two groups.Significant differences were found in comparing the changes in all the aforementioned parameters between the two groups(P 0.01).Conclusion YAXI has good efficacy in improving coronary blood flow and increasing the myocardial blood perfusion of ischemic area,indicating that it has protective effect on the viable myocardium in patients with AMI.
Objective To evaluate the effect of probucol on endothelial relaxing function in the elderly patients with lower-extremity arteriosclerotic disease (LEASD).Methods Fifty-four patients with LEASD were randomly divided into probucol group,including 33 subjects who received probucol 0.5 g bid and regular antithrombotic therapeutics (aspirin 100 mg, qd),and control group,including 21 subjects who received only aspirin 100 mg, qd. The coures of treatment was 12 weeks. The flow-mediated dilation(FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) before and after treatment were measured by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results (1)Before treatment, the FMD and NMD of the LEASD patients were significantly impaired as compared with the healthy elderly.(2)After treatment, the level of TC, LDL and HDL in probucol group were reduced markedly.(3)FMD in probucol group was significantly improved after treatment, but not for NMD in the same group.Conclusions (1)Endothelial relaxing function in the elderly with LEASD was impaired.(2)Probucol could improve the endothelial relaxing function in the elderly with LEASD, and reduce the levels of TC, LDL and HDL; (3)Although probucol reduced the level of HDL, it had no negative influence on the improvement of endothelial relaxing function.
Objective To evaluate clinical effectiveness and safety of percutaneous transluminal revascularization for aged patients with obstructive peripheral arterial disease.Method Sixty-two aged patients with obstructive peripheral arterial disease were treated with percutaneous transluminal intervention followed by persistent intra-arterial thrombolysis combined with balloon dilatation,balloon alone or selective stent placement.Of these patients,21 had subclavian arterial disease and 41 had iliac or femoral artrial.disease.Results Primary successful rate of interventional procedure was 95% and major complications were 1.6%(one case had dropping of stent).Sixty-seven percent of patients in stent placement group lived without recurrent limb ischemia symptoms and 13% of patients(who had incomplete recanalization)had intermittent claudication improved persistently during follow-up.Clinical recurrent ischemic symptoms occurred in 20% of the patients with successful recanalization.Conclusion Percutaneous transluminal intervention for aged patients with obstructive peripheral arterial disease was effective and safe.The immediate and long-term results were satisfactory.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease(PAOD) in elderly population with hyperlipemia.Methods A cross-sectional survey of PAOD was made in the Wanshoulu area, Beijing. A total of 2?124 subjects were studied. PAOD was defined as an ankle-arm index(AAI)≤0.9. Hyperlipemia was diagnosed with the reference standard provided by ATPⅢ,which accord with one of four standards listed below: TG≥2.26 mmol/L,TC≥5.72 mmol/L, LDL≥3.64 mmol/L, HDL≤1.04 mmol/L.Results There were a total of 1?071 patients with hyperlipemia,including 410 males and 661 females, aged 60～92 (68.3±5.40) years, and the prevalence rate was 50.42%.Of them,60 males and 124 females had PAOD and the prevalence rate was 17.18%. The prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridemia, elevated LDL,hypercholesterolemia, reduced HDL, hyperlipemia and hypertension, hypertension, hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, advanced age and hyperlipemia in the population with PAOD were 14.12%, 10.10%,15.94%, 19.65%, 19.18%, 14.98%, 19.476%, 15.38%, and 42.86% respectively.Conclusions The decrease in HDL was the independent risk factor of PAOD. The prevalence of PAOD showed no difference among all kinds of hyperlipemia. The prevalence of PAOD will be increased significantly in patients with hyperlipemia combined with other risk factors. The prevalence of PAOD in patients with advanced age and hyperlipemia was 2～3 times higher than that in ordinary elderly patients.
Objective To investigate the stigmata of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in Chinese patients, and evaluate the relationship between cerebral infarction and carotid artery atherosclerosis. Methods 3D CE-MRA was performed in 1?058 patients with suspected diseases of carotid arteries or cerebral ischemia.The site,morphology,size and number of plaques were determined.Results The carotid atherosclerotic plaques and the cerebral infarction proved by CT or MRI were on the same side in 198 cases. Thirty-six cases were found to have carotid atherosclerotic plaques,but had no cerebral infarction,while 70 cases were proved to have cerebral infarction whose carotid arteries did not show any abnormalities. 790 cases did not show any pathological changes in both carotid arteries and cerebrum. In all carotid atherosclerosis patients,129 cases had atherosclerosis involving only one segment,while 105 cases had pathological changes in many segments.Of them,16 were found to have plaques and stenosis in both left and right carotid arteries. In cases whose atherosclerotic plaques and the cerebral infarction proved by CT or MRI were on the same side,the atherosclerotic plaques were found mostly in the carotid bifurcation,involved many segments and showed many kinds of morphology.Thin and flat atherosclerotic plaques were found mostly in the common carotid artery segments in the cases with carotid atherosclerotic plaques but without cerebral infarction. Conclusion There was close relation between carotid atherosclerosis and the cerebral infarction.
Objective To observe the change of the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats.Methods The ICH animal models were established by stereotactic injection of Ⅶ collagenase 0.4 IU into the right globus pallidus(GP).Five rats each were sacrificed at 6,24,48 and 96 hours after operation respectively.The expression of MMP-9 protein and gene mRNA in the ICH rat brains were investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Brain water content(BWC) was determined by comparison of wet and dry weight.Results There were no MMP-9 protein and mRNA positive cells in the brain of NG(normal control group) and SG(sham operation group),but positive cells could be found in ICH model group with peak at 24～48 hours.There was positive correlation between encephaledema on the cerebral hemorrhage side of the rats, especially at the perihematoma site,and expression of MMP-9 protein and mRNA.Conclusion The mechanism of encephaledema after cerebral hemorrhage is complicated and is the result of multiple factors.The increased expression of MMP-9 may be one of them.
Objective To discuss the questions about indication, operation method and the management during operation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) in the aged(≥70 years old) with extracranial carotid stenosis.Method Sixteen cases were diagnosed by digital subtract angiography (DSA) and received PTAS with self-expand stent by the approach of femoral artery.Results The postoperative caliber of the stenotic segment was larger than the preoperative caliber, and increased by over 60% of the normal caliber in 12 cases and over 40% in 4 cases. The clinical symptoms and signs of ischemia were improved obviously after PTAS in 14 cases with ischemia. No complication occurred in the group. During the follow-up for 2～24 months no cerebral ischemic attack occurred in all the cases and no restenosis was found in follow-up examination by DSA in 2 cases and by Doppler in 6 cases.Conclusion PTAS is an easy and safe therapy for aged patients with extracranial carotid stenosis.
Objective To explore the characteristics of ventricular remodelling and the plasma concentrations of neurohomones in patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by diabetes mellitus.Methods Forty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction accompanied by diabetes mellitus who were in-petients in our hospital were chosen as diabetes group and 45 acute myocardial infarction patients without diabetes mellitus were chosen at random as control group.All patients were given beta-receptor blocking agent and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and then were followed up for 6 months.Ventricular remodelling and the plasma concentrations of neurohomones were compared before and after anti-neurohomone drugs were given and at the same time,difference in ventricular remodelling and the plasma concentrations of neurohomones between the two groups were compared.Results LVESD,LVEF,PRA and AngⅡ in diabetes mellitus group were statistically different(P 0.05)before and after the drugs were used. LVESD,LVESV,LVEF,PRA and AngⅡ in control group were also statistically significantly different (P0.01)before and after the drugs were used.Ald-osterone was different after treatment as compared with before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Diabetes mellitus group was not better than non-diabetes mellitus group in improvement of ventricular remodelling and heart function and reducing the plasma concentrations of neurohomones after treatment,but there was affirmative effectiveness in improvement of ventricular remodelling and heart function.
Objective To investigate the efficacy of zoloft in the treatment of depression following acute myocardial infarction in aged patients.Methods Fifty-eight patients suffering from depression following acute myocardial infarction were divided equally into control group and zoloft group.The control group were given conventional treatment for myocardial infarction and the zoloft group were given both conventional treatment and zoloft (50 mg,Qd,8 weeks).Results The incidence rates of post-infarction angina(P0.01), ventricular arrhythmia(P0.05), recurrent infarction(P0.05) and sudden cardiac death(SCD)in zoloft group were significantly decreased as compared with the control group.Conclusion Zoloft is effective in improvement of short-term prognosis in aged patients following acute myocardial infarction.
Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165) gene, and to investigate the transfection and expression of pCR3.hVEGF 165 eukaryotic expression vector in rat myocardial cells.Methods pCR3.hVEGF 165 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. Primarily cultured rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with liposome/plasmid pCR3.hVEGF 165. RT-PCR, Southern blot, immunohistochemical method and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of VEGFgene.Result There were significant increases in VEGFmRNA and protein in the myocardial cells transfected with pCR3.hVEGF 165.Conclusions The pCR3.hVEGF 165, an eukaryotic expression plasmid for hVEGF 165 gene,was constructed. High levels of VEGFmRNA and protein expression could be obtained in the myocardial cells transfected with pCR3.hVEGF 165 eukaryotic expression plasmid.
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum markers of inflammation and brain injury after acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Methods Blood samples of 42 consecutive patients with acute ICH were collected for measurement of tumor necrosis-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),P-selectin(Ps) and S-100 protein(S-100) levels.The volumes of ICH,peripheral edema were measured on CT scan.The control group consisted of 25 inpatients without organic diseases in central nervous system.Results Admission blood concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β,Ps and S-100 in ICH patients were significantly higher than those in controls.Univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the volume of the perihematoma hypodensity on day 3 and TNF-α(r=0.678,P0.001),IL-1β(r=0.423,P=0.011),Ps(r=0.458,P=0.006)levels.In logistic regression analysis,TNF-α concentration(OR=3.694,95%CI:1.670～8.173,P=0.001) was the only variable that significantly influenced the volume of the perihematoma hypodensity.Conclusions The markers of inflammation TNF-α,IL-1β,Ps and S-100 levels were significantly increased in patients with ICH.High plasma level of TNF-α in patients with ICH could be correlated with the magnitude of the subsequent increased perihematoma brain edema.
Objective To study the correlation of genotype distribution and allele haplotype distribution frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(NOS3) NOS3A-922 G?NOS3 T-786C and NOS3 G894T with essential hypertension.Methods Genomic DNAs of leukocytes in venous blood were obtained from 192 essential hypertension patients(hypertension group) and 122 healthy people as control in the Chinese Han nationality population.The three sites of NOS3 A-922 G,NOS3 T-786C and NOS3 G894T were genotyped by allele-specific primer(ASP) PCR technique.Results There were no differences in the corresponding allelic genotype distribution frequencies and the corresponding allelic haplotype frequencies of NOS3 A-922 G,NOS3 T-786C and NOS3 G894T between the essential hypertension group and the healthy people(P0.05).According to sex classification,no correlation between essential hypertension and the SNPs of NOS3 A-922 G,NOS3 T-786C and NOS3 G894T was found in the male subgroup or the female subgroup.Conclusions This study found that there was no correlation of NOS3 A-922 G,NOS3 T-786C and NOS3 G894T SNP with hypertension in both sexes.
