社会生物学依循"威尔逊阶梯"的总体思路,运用广义适合度、进化稳定策略、博弈论分析等概念或方法来刻画与界定人性。通过细致分析,基切尔揭示了社会生物学在探求人性过程中犯下的一系列方法论谬误,并在研究结论中混杂了大量迎合新右翼政治立场的阶级偏见、种族偏见与性别偏见。基切尔试图表明,尽管人性在基因制约下有其局限性,但人性依旧可以在这种约束条件下得到重塑与改进。社会生物学对人性固定性的仓促论证,并不足以说服人们放弃让人类社会变得更加公正与平等的种种努力。
Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper constructs a quantile regression econometric model to analyze whether China’s environmental regulation has an impact on export trade and to verify whether the Porter hypothesis has been valid in China in recent years. The results show that in the short term, environmental regulations have a restraining effect on export trade, while in the long run, due to the existence of innovation efficiency, environmental regulations will change from having a restraining effect to a promoting effect on export trade. Strict environmental regulations will reduce the production cost of Chinese products, further improve the export competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, and promote export trade. The empirical results verify the conclusion that the Porter hypothesis is confirmed in China. The following three suggestions are proposed for China’s exports to promote the win–win of China’s green development and export trade: promote the realization of international and domestic double circulation, avoid becoming “pollution shelters” and support technological innovation in environmental protection industries.
At present there are five main approaches to philosophy of technology,namely analytic philosophy,pragmatism,phenomenology,hermeneutics and critical theory,which hold contradictory views on the two essential features of technology:autonomy and value load as they have presupposed various ontological categories of technology.In fact,the alternative ontological categories such as knowledge,tools,revealing ways,texts and environment are just different presentations of technology as a multiple system in different scopes and dimensions.By analyzing the technological dualitythe physical property and the human one,it can be shown that the relative conjunction between physical property and human purposes belongs to the intrinsic tension in technology,which leads to the autonomous power of technology presented along the route of phenomenology and hermeneutics in the physical property dimension,further being suitable to accept the analysis on value neutrality of analytic philosophy;as to its human property,technology is controllable which has been emphasized by pragmatism and whose value load should be reflected by the approach of critical theory.Thus,an intersectional platform for multiple approaches to philosophy of technology can be developed based on the dual aspects of technology,which makes it possible for various views on the essence of technology to integrate.
Since the end of the 1970 s,Chinese philosophy of sci-tech has carried out a series of brand-new expansions on the basis of Dialectics of Nature,which has developed into an important philosophical subject and an interdisciplinary research,and has explored relatively independent but cross-cutting research approaches between general philosophy of science and sci-tech,natural philosophy and the branches of philosophy of science,technology and engineering philosophy,sci-tech and society,sci-tech and engineering ethics sci-tech history together with sci-tech culture and spread.In recent 20 years,China has achieved world-renowned achievements in sci-tech and engineering field.The need of practice has promoted the research of philosophy of sci-tech to keep tracking the frontier of international philosophy of sci-tech,meanwhile paying more and more attention to studying such oriented issues as sci-tech ethics and engineering philosophy.Looking into the future,sci-tech philosophy is expected to take initiative to deal with challenges that China meets when insistently adhering walking towards a sci-tech power,thus providing indispensable ideas,methods and wisdom for mankind to realize the transition of civilization.
Traffic culture is the sum of material culture,system culture and spiritual culture during their long-term experiences process in transportation industry.Many foreign metropolitans have attained remarkable achievements in governing traffic congestion from previously mentioned three aspects when developing urban transport.Little attention has been paid to the perspective of traffic culture in dealing with urban traffic congestion.Experiences therein offer such kind of model for our urban traffic management department to solve the problem of traffic congestion.
Through the historical study on the exploration of Bayunebo Iron Mine,before the foundation of China,it comes to the conclusion that two aspects have not been discussed sufficiently with regard to the historical research on Bayunebo iron mine-Japanese detection on it,and the Western Development Program carried out by National Government involved it.Taking the advantage of currently disclosed geological survey reports and associated documents may help to fill up the margin for historical research in that segment of history.
The narrowing understanding towards innovation leads to the limit that the innovation in public perspective focuses on the field of science and technology,which inevitably brings the impression of innovation scarcity and glance mindset.And this predicament farther hinders the potentials' exertion in innovation.Therefore,the current innovation in China must regress back to its original definition,i.e.,generalized innovation.Moreover,its realization requires the transformation of research guiding principles in people's consciousness,and progressive research guiding principles need the support from broadened-content scientific culture,based on which innovation continuously comes into being only in the pattern of broadened culture of science.
Based on the glorious anticipation of "people's owning faith,nation's owning hope,country's owning power",this paper,starting with three important factors concerning national soft power:the reform of politic system,the cultivation and fulfillment of socialism core values,and the construction of national cultural soft power,attempts to analyze the theoretical connotation of "people's owning faith",and to probe into the practical paths to construct national soft power with "people's owning faith" as its ultimate anticipation,in the expectation of guaranteeing its smoothness in spiritual civilization progress at China's present stage.
Heidegger claims that the essence of modern technology is a kind of Gestell as well as construction of the world,which makes it different in essence from traditional one.Traditional technology is not only confined in but also controlled by the culture,while the modern one contrarily construct and dominate culture.The root reason for the historical transition of the relationship between technology and culture is the development of metaphysic itself in that modern technology is the completed metaphysic.
In recent years,the state has increased his financial budget for local universities/colleges,but shortage of funds is still an obvious problem for almost all local universities/colleges.Starting from research significance on budget refined management,a series of methods to implement refined management on budget management has been put forward to improve efficiency to use granted funds from its administrative origin,by analyzing current situation and problems of budget management in local universities/colleges,thus actually using fund on the blade.
In the history of new poetry in twentieth century,there are four large-scaled trends that ballads were absorbed into new poetry.In fact,a lot of poets who had not been described in these trends had a deep or shallow fate with the folks.These poets can be categorized into the following three types in accordance with the gradual recognition degree,from weakness to strengthen,of the effectiveness of taking a model from ballad:(1)new poets researching,translating and collecting ballads;(2)new poets exploring to effectively use ballad elements in new poems on the basis of modern free verse;(3)new poets applying ballads as main modeling style in new poems.The key contradiction of modeling new poems from ballads is the conflict between the free style of new poems and the formalized style of the folk songs.The crucial lesson of the modeling in 1900 slies in the mechanically poetic patternization into ballad model,instead of creatively blending ballad elements into the linguistic system of new poems.Every historic trend concerning new poems' modeling from ballads has been clearly academically described,while should be studied in an issued and historicized perspective.
Though ancient Greek poetess Sappho and her poems have been constantly mentioned and/or translated by China's poets,very few people have written four lines Sapphic in modern Chinese,with Shao Xunmei,Nan Xing and Wu Xinghua as the exceptions.This article is trying to study Chinese Sapphics' construction of poetry style and its spiritual orientation by applying poetic concept of Kenneth Burke with regard to poetic symbolic action.The abovementioned three Chinese Sapphics has undoubtedly demonstrated another possibility of Chinese poetry style in the process of exploration,from rusty to mastery in construction of poetry style,and portraying a romantic individual image of modern city,or refreshing classic idyll in spiritual return,or promoting individual and national experiences to metaphysical aspect of human existence in spiritual orientation.
This article is discussing with two female poets,Xiong Hong and Bai Yu,who started to publish poems in1960 s.From history of poetry,the article not only fills up cracks and stops leaks but uses narrative and religious properties to be supplied viewpoints of Xiong Hong's poems.For Bai Yu,this article also fills up cracks,and views objective tone as advantage of her poems after close reading them and emphasizing her insights into details of lives.At some levels,Xiong Hong's and Bai Yu's poems are not always like the works of female poets.The common ground of their words is to be free in sexual prejudice and not avoid to any obstacles.Critics are used to describe female writings by reductive maternity and feminine characteristics,which aren't proper to their works.At least in a narrow sense,we can give another definition to female writings by observing Xiong Hong's and Bai Yu's poems.
Due to the existence of market power generation enterprises in the province,the effect of the direct transaction inside has been unobvious.By analyzing the data of the plants in central China,we found that its market power in the area has been reducing.On the basis of the previous analysis,the relationship,between the negotiation coefficient of the power generation enterprises determined by market forces and the price for market balance,has been demonstrated.Researches shows the result that during the direct transaction the greater market power of power generation enterprises is,the greater of the market equilibrium price is,and that finally the price approaches its benchmarking price.On the contrary,market equilibrium price close to marginal cost.It has been proved that the most stable competitive efficiency lies in the mode of cross-provincial transaction.
Sci-Tech(Science and technology)in its social functioning will produce a variety of social consequences.In the analysis on the social consequences of sci-tech,attention should be paid to the necessity to balance its rewards and punishments in its application.The research believes that the establishment of appropriate rewards and penalties system may promote scientific activity forward.Through analyzing the social consequences of a case study on testtube baby,the importance of balancing the rewards and punishments concerning sci-tech in its operation has been contended in four aspects--philosophy,commerce,social responsibility,and technological management--which demonstrates its theoretical and practical significance:Helping to optimize the system of rewards and punishments in the application,thus,farther,facilitating its balance during the operation.
Based on the actuality of civic quality in Shunde city,four principal problems concerning this issue has been found.Accordingly,related countermeasures,namely, five strengthens and five constructions,has been put forward to promote the civic quality in Foshan area,thus providing some practicable references for cities' up-valuation in Foshan.
Economic democracy is an important part of socialist democracy.Since the enterprise is the important subject of market economy,the establishment of democratic system in the enterprise is the objective requirement of the socialist market economy as well as the inner requirement of socialist democracy.But the process of constructing democratic systems of enterprises is faced with many difficulties and problems.This article,with these problems in view,tries to probes into the relevant path to enterprise democracy construction in order to better improve the construction of the systems of democracy in the enterprises in China.
Fatigue life test was carried out to 27 concrete prism specimen whose strength were C30,the parameter estimation method using small sample data for lognormal distribution and the three parameter Weibull distribution was deduced.Based on the test data,combined with the relative coefficient optimization method,probability models of concrete fatigue life were fitted by lognormal distribution and the three parameter Weibull distribution,the fatigue life models of C30 concrete were determined by fitting the distribution parameters,fatigue reliability of an example was calculated by those concrete fatigue life models.The fitting results show that the concrete fatigue life based on the two probability distribution models are both well fitted,but the three parameter Weibull distribution has higher fitting precision.Research on fatigue damage shows that the reliability level of repeated damage caused by concrete structural fatigue,in an inverse ratio to the loading period,roughly follows the downward tendency of the second-degree parabola,and the damage,in direct ratio,speeds up rapidly in accord with the cycle of loading time.
The"Edinburgh School",who developed the"strong program"in the 1 970s,was regarded as one of the an-cestors of STS (science and technology studies).Today,has the "Edinburgh School" gone out of fashion? Is it the same"Edinburgh School" as it was before? Or it has moved to new directions? In the past 30 years,what has STS studies at Edinburgh University achieved? What problems does it have? Where will it go? During the academic visit at Edinburgh University,we made an interview with Prof.Robin Williams,who has been the director of the Institute of Science,Technology and Innovation Studies for over 30 years and has witnessed its development in the post-"Strong Programme" period.He will give us the answers.
On the basis of specific analysis of the marketing strategies,marketing mix and types of marketing of each different phase of the life cycle,this article attempts to find the common character and features of the different stages of marketing,which may be of help for the IT enterprise to have a clear idea about the priority of each period of development as well as possible pitfalls and dilemmas while putting forward some suggestions for marketing so as to get out of the recession.To conclude,it sums up,for the perspective of enterprise life cycle,the practical significance and revelation of marketing analyses with the expectation for conducive references to the marketing work of the IT enterprise.
