Jujube (Ziziphus) germplasm is the material basis for scientific research on jujube production and utilization, and plays an important supporting role in promoting scientific and technological innovation and industrial development. By systematically summarizing the research progress in the collection, preservation, identification, evaluation and innovative utilization of jujube germplasm resources in China, reference for its further research was provided. Up to now, a total of 1,033 accessions of jujube germplasms had been recorded in literature and 960 accessions have been collected and preserved in China. 730 of them have been characterized in agronomic traits and some excellent germplasms had been selected. Studies on their functional nutrients, genome sequencing and functional gene analysis have made great progresses. Nearly 300 advanced jujube cultivars have been certificated and some of them have great cultivation scale over 100,000 ha. Some appraisal and evaluation technical standards of their phenotypic characters have been established. The main existing problems and future development trend and research direction were analyzed and forecasted.
加工番茄为呼吸跃变型果实,伴随呼吸跃变产生大量乙烯,即系统Ⅱ乙烯,易使番茄果实过熟,腐烂变质.SlACS2是番茄系统Ⅱ乙烯合成的限速酶,旨在通过CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑系统修饰该基因,调控系统Ⅱ乙烯过量表达,以迟滞番茄过熟腐烂.利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑加工番茄SlACS2基因,在SlACS2的第2外显子区域设计2个靶位点,构建双靶点的CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化加工番茄,再生培养获得T0代转基因幼苗,通过PCR扩增卡那霉素抗性基因获得阳性株系.为进一步获得纯合突变,对T1代植株的双靶位点区域进行PCR扩增和测序分析,鉴定SlACS2突变类型.结果发现,从阳性植株的T1后代中鉴定出6种在两个靶位点发生纯合突变类型植株,其中靶位点1突变类型较为丰富,分别发生单碱基的插入及1个、4个、5个和9个碱基的缺失;靶位点2则只有7个碱基的缺失一种编辑类型.结果表明,已成功在加工番茄体内实现对内源SLACS2的定点敲除,获得的基因编辑植株,为进一步筛选耐贮突变体提供材料基础.
This study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanism of Brassica napus at flowering peri-od using the double haploid(DH)population and KN population KN high-density genetic linkage map.The phenotype data at flowering period under winter,semi-winter and spring environments were analyzed by using composite interval mapping(CIM)of Wincart 2.5 software to locate the QTL for flowering-related traits and identify candidate genes.The results revealed a total of 119 associated with flowering stage,with qFT-13DL16-4 explaining up to 19.63％of the phenotypic variation(PV)and qFT-13ZY2-1 exhibiting the minimum PV(2.48％).Furthermore,these QTLs were integrated into a consensus QTL by meta-analysis,resulting in the identification of 26 environment-stable expression QTLs,including seven major QTLs.For example,cqFT-A2-3 and cqFT-A2-4 were stably expressed under the spring ecological environment,cqFT-C6-4,cqFT-C6-7,cqFT-C6-12,and cqFT-C6-13 were stably expressed in winter and semi-winter ecological regions,and cqFT-C6-14 was stably expressed in the winter ecological region.In conclusion,this study provides a foundation for fine mapping and map-based cloning of causal genes and offers guidance for the cultivation of new early maturing and high-yield rapeseed varieties in the future.Fifteen candidate genes involved in flowering regulation were i-dentified within QTL confidence intervals,including BnaA02g12260D(RGA1),BnaA02g15390D(AGL12),BnaA02g16710D(LKP2)and BnaC06g19930D(NUA),and these candidate genes are in-volved in the regulatory pathways,such as gibberellin,photoperiod,circadian clock,vernalization re-sponse and flower development.In conclusion,this study lays a foundation for fine mapping and map-based cloning of causal genes and offers guidance for the cultivation of new early maturing and high-yield rapeseed varieties in the future.
Taking the'Kyoho'grape grown under facility cultivation as the test material,the effect of opening windows in greenhouses on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grape plants was investigated.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving facility grape practices.The results showed that the opening windows from 9:00 to 15:00,using a self-made pull rod,had the most significant effect when the temperature exceeded 35 ℃,resulting in a remarkable 6.1 ℃ reduc-tion in shed temperature.The ventilation of the greenhouse improved significantly,and the wind speed inside the shed noticeably.increased.The total chlorophyll content of the leaves of the fenestrated plants did not differ significantly from the control(CK)group(P＞0.05).However,the actual pho-tosynthetic efficiency Y(Ⅱ)of PSⅡ in the fenestrated treatment was significantly higher than CK at 9:00 and 13:00,with a 12.4％increase at 13:00,attributed to the decreased shed temperature after window opening,relieving stress on the PS Ⅱ system.The leaf photochemical quenching coefficient qP of CK continued to increase until 13:00 and then decreased,while the windowing treatment was sig-nificantly higher than that of CK at 9:00,and the photosynthetic activity was better.In terms of fruit quality indicators,the single-grain quality of the window treatment resulted in a significant 9.9％in-crease in single-grain quality compared to CK.The titratable acid content was significantly reduced,the sugar-acid ratio significantly increased,and the fruit flavor was better after the window opening.Window treatment demonstrated the highest disease grade 5,followed by grade 4.The number of leaves exposed to slight sunburn was lower,and the number of diseases at grade 1 was significantly lower than that of CK,indicating improved disease resistance in the window-treated plants.Opening windows effectively improve the microclimate in the facility environment and proved beneficial during the critical period of fruit development by promoting leaf photosynthesis,improving fruit quality and reducing sunburn.In production,window opening provides an effective cooling solution for multi-span greenhouses,particularly during summer.This study offers valuable guidance for simple multi-span greenhouse cultivation.
Effects of NaOH pretreatment on anaerobic fermentation efficiency of wheat straw were studied using the"system of anaerobic fermentation technology"designed by us as mesophilic temper-ature from 2020 to 2021,the objective was to reduce the amount of NaOH and the risk of secondary pollution while ensuring the pretreatment effect of wheat straw,thereby providing a theoretical basis for biogas production of wheat straw.Wheat straw samples were pretreated with 0％,3％,and 6％(dry mass of wheat straw)NaOH for durations of 7,14,21,and 28 days,respectively,with unpre-treated wheat straw as control.The results showed that the removal rates of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were 5.9％-8.3％,38.3％-41.8％,45.8％-49.2％,respectively,which was similar to the treatment of 6％NaOH and significantly higher than that of 0％NaOH pretreatment when wheat straw was pretreated with 3％NaOH for 7-28 d.The 3％NaOH treatment demonstrated the highest effectiveness compared to the control and 6％NaOH treatment for the same pretreatment duration un-der anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw at mesophilic temperature(35 ℃).The cumulative biogas yields of dry matter ranged from 185.5 mL·g-1 to 310.5 mL·g-1,with a biogas production rate of 38.1 mL·d-1 to 84.2 mL·d-1 when wheat straw was pretreated with 3％NaOH for 7-28 days.The superior combination forecasting model showed that the treatment of 3％NaOH was the most effec-tive,and the optimum pretreatment time was 11.4 d after 86.0 d completed fermentation,the rate of biogas production was 47.9 mL·d-1,the maximum cumulative biogas yields of dry matter was 257.6 mL·g-1.In conclusion,it is feasible to use 3％(dry mass of wheat straw)NaOH pretreatment wheat straw under mesophilic(35 ℃)anaerobic fermentation,which can obtain good biogas produc-tion effect.
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of fertilization effect after stumping and to provide some scientific guidance for cultivating Pinus yunnanensis nursery of scion.The annual P.yunnanensis seedling was used as the research object,a 3×3 regression design with 2-factor and 3-lev-el was employed to analyze the effect of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers on the nutrient content and stoichiometric ratio of P.yunnanensis seedling.The results showed that the variation of sources of nutrient and significant relationships among organs varied with time after fertilization,and the significant relationship between the nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios of each organ and the sources of variation decreased with time after fertilization.In general,nitrogen content of all or-gans of P.yunnanensis seedling initially decreased with time after fertilization.The phosphorus con-tent in roots and sprouts initially decreased firstly and then increased.The phosphorus content in stems and leaves initially increased and then decreased.The potassium(K)content in all organs ini-tially decreased and then increased.Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the N,P,and K con-tents of each organ,while phosphorus fertilization significantly affected the N,P,and K contents of roots,leaves,and sprouts,as well as the N and K contents of stems.Nitrogen and phosphorus com-bination applications significantly affected N,P,and K contents of each organ.N:P ration in each organ decreased significantly with time and was less than 14 in different organs,the results suggest that the N and P fertilization changed the elemental dynamics and content changes in all organs of P.yunnanensis seedling after stumping.Based on stoichiometric ratios,the main limiting element for its growth is presumed to be N.
In order to explore the physiological regulation effects of different Bacillus subtilis on the leaves of maize seedlings under drought stress.The physiological and biochemical regulating sub-stances,such as the antioxidant enzyme activity,cell permeation substances,cell membrane oxidation products,H2O2,endogenous hormones,relative water content,and K,P,N contents in the leaves of maize seedlings were evaluated by inoculating maize roots with different plant rhizosphere Bacillus subtilis,which include R9-1,R59,R60 and R59+R60 combination strains under drought and normal water conditions.The principal component and correlation analysis indicated that Bacillus subtilis mainly affected the soluble sugar,abscisic acid(ABA),phosphorus(P)content,superoxide dis-mutase(SOD)activity,catalase(CAT)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,free proline(PRO)con-tent,relative water content of the leaves at seedling stageof maize.Importantly,there was a signifi-cantly negative correlation between the relative water content and other physiological performance fac-tors.Under drought stress,the antioxidant enzyme activity,cell osmotic adjustment substances,and P and N content in the leaves of maize seedlings obviously decreased after inoculated with Bacillus subtilis.By the way,the content of H2O2 and ABA reduced after R9-1,R59 inoculation,the content of ABA increased after R60,R59+R60 inoculation and the content of IAA decreased after R59,R60,and R59+R60 inoculation in the leaves of maize at seedling stage.The regulation effect of Bacillus subtilis on maize was estimated by the comprehensive analysis of membership function under different conditions.Under normal conditions,R60＞R59＞R9-1＞R59+R60＞CK1,under drought stress,R60＞R59+R60＞R59＞R9-1＞CK2.Taken together,the antioxidant enzyme activity,cell osmotic regulation substances,and P,N content of leaves at seedling of maize decreased after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis.Meanwhile,R59,R60,R59+R60 was conducive to improve its relative water con-tent.The results demonstrated that the maize seedling inoculated with Bacillus subtilis was less af-fected by drought.Therefore,the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis can enhance the adjustment ability of maize seedling to adapt drought stress and ensure its growth and development.
Plant and ear height are key plant architecture traits that affect density tolerance of maize.Understanding the genetic basis of plant and ear height can aid in enhancing the plant architecture,particularly in maize hybrids.This study evaluated plant and ear height in 246 F1 hybrids constructed from 85 inbred lines selected from Shaan A and Shaan B group,using the NCII genetic mating design.This study also conducted a genome-wide association study using 55 951 high-quality SNPs markers to identify the genetic basis of plant height(PH),ear height(EH),and EH/PH.The heritability of plant height,ear height and ear ratio was high,ranging from 77.68％,77.04％and 73.78％,respectively,and there was a high significant positive correlation among them.The genome-wide association study identified 7,5 and 4 SNPs associated with plant height,ear height and EH/PH,respectively.These SNPs explained 1.47％-25.27％of phenotypic variation.Functional annotation of candidate genes re-vealed 10 potential candidate genes involved in plant growth and development,biosynthesis process and response to abiotic stress process.This study also identified three co-localization intervals and hot spot intervals where genes such as plt1,atp2,ZC3H46 and emp21 were anchored.These results pro-vide a theoretical basis for enhancing plant architecture in the Shaan A and Shaan B maize populations.
The strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) is a huge threat to the strawberry production, which seriously reduces the productivity of strawberries. The systematic study on the distribution, structural variation and genetic diversity of SMoV is useful for the prevention and control of SMoV. In this study, 159 strawberry leaves were randomly collected from 7 major strawberry growing areas in Shanxi Province for RT-PCR detection. The cp genes of positive samples were sequenced and analyzed through MEGA5, SDTv 1.2, DnaSP v5.10 and RDP v.4.31. RT-PCR detection showed that 65 samples of the 159 strawberry leaves were positive with a detection rate of 38.46%. The 65 positive samples were isolated, sequenced, and cloned to obtain three SMoV isolates. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed the 25 SMoV isolates were divided into three groups with group 1 containing 14 isolates from China, group 2 containing 10 isolates from Canada, Japan, and the United States, and group 3 containing 1 isolate from Japan. The results of selective pressure analysis and neutrality test in group 1 and group 2 showed that there were significant genetic differences between group 1 and group 2. The negative selection pressure maybe the reason for the genetic diversity of SMoV. Sequence similarity analysis displayed that the nucleotide identity range and the consistency range of amino acids was ranged from 94.68% to 99.53%, while from 98.12% to 99.84% for amino acids. This study demonstrated that SMoV was of high genetic variation, and the negative selection pressure may be the cause of SMoV genetic diversity, which provides theoretical guidance for SMoV in Shanxi.
In the present study,we investigated the colonization of dark septate endophytes(DSE)in the roots of Lycium barbarum and its correlation with soil factors,and collected the root and inter-root soil samples at three soil depths of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm from cultivation area of L.barbarum in Jinfeng district and Xixia district of Yinchuan in Ningxia,so as to provide a basis for the full utilization of DSE resources and biotechnology-based promotion of desert vegetation restora-tion and ecological improvement.The results showed that DSE could colonize the root system of L.barbarum,form dark and septate hyphae,and generate polymeric and discrete microsclerotia.The rate of DSE colonization was significantly different between the two sample plots.The mean total colo-nization rate of DSE in Jinfeng(73.27％)was significantly higher than that in Xixia(23.54％).The DSE colonization rates varied among different soil layers.The maximum values of total DSE coloniza-tion rate,hyphae colonization rate and microsclerotia colonization rate were all found at the 20-40 cm soil layers of both sample plots.The distribution of soil factors differed significantly among different soil depths in the two samples.The principal component analysis showed that the rhizosphere soil nu-trient status was affected comprehensively by pH,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic matter,alkalin phosphatase and sucrase in two sample plots of Yinchuan.Variation partitio-ning revealed that the colonization of DSE fungi was affected by a combination of sample site and soil factors.The correlation analysis showed that DSE colonization differed significantly between the two samples.In the sample plot of Jinfeng district,the total DSE colonization rate had significantly posi-tive correlation with organic matter,and significantly negative correlation with available potassium.The DSE hyphae colonization rate had significantly positive correlation with organic matter,available phosphorus and alkaline nitrogen,and significantly negative correlation with available potassium and pH.In the sampling site of Xixia,the total DSE colonization rate and the microsclerotia colonization rate had significantly positive correlation with pH,while the DSE hyphae colonization rate had signifi-cantly negative correlation with organic matter,available phosphorus and urease.The findings in this study indicated that the root system of L.barbarum can be infested by DSE,the colonization exhibits obvious vertical spatial heterogeneity and is closely related to soil factors.
The fasting blood glucose concentrations of birds are about twice of themammals,and the birds have significant insulin resistance,but there is no significant diabetic complications,the reasons for the absense are unclear.In order to elucidate the intrinsic reasons for no clinical signs of hypergly-caemia inthe poultry,this study was conducted to compare the physiological differences in glucose regulation between chickens and rabbits using ELISA,high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detection techniques.The results showed that glycosylated albumin was higher in chickens than in rabbits,while glycosylated haemoglobin was not significantly different;serum fructosamine levels inchickens were not significantly different from those in rabbits;and serum levels of advanced glycation end-products were significantly lower in chickens than in rab-bits.The results of high performance liquid chromatography showed that the taurine content and free amino acid content of chickens were extremely significantly higher than those of rabbits;the results of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that the methylglyoxal content of chickens was not significantly different from that of rabbits.In conclusion,the main reason forchickens to exhibite dele-terious effects under the no chronic hyperglycaemiais that taurine and some free amino acids act as car-bonyl scavengers to reduce the levels of fructosamine and methylglyoxal,and decrease the advanced glycation end-products.
Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Roem.is a precious germplasm resource mainly distributed in Yili River Valley,known for its exceptional resistance traits.Among the variants of Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Roem,Malus sieversii f.neidzwetzkyana(Dieck)Langenf stands out.Therefore,this experiment mainly studied the nutrient accumulation and flesh browning degree in Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Roem.germplasm resources.Twenty samples of Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Roem.s were used as test materials.During the whole growth and development period,regular fruit harves-ting was conducted,and adequate flesh samples were obtained.The soluble solid content was deter-mined using anthracone reagent,the titratable acid content through sodium hydroxide solution titra-tion,and vitamin C content using 2,6-dichlorophenol indiophenol titration.A subset of fruits was transected and exposed to air.With L*,a*and b*values measured and recorded every five minutes using chroma meter,followed by a fifteen-minute exposure period.This approach aimed to explore the variation trend of the main components affecting the flavor and the antioxidant capacity of the fruit.The results showed that soluble solid and vitamin C contents of twenty apple germplasm re-sources were gradually accumulated during the growth and development stage,and the soluble solid content changed significantly at different stages.Steadily accumulated before June 30,rapidly accu-mulated from June 30 to July 10,and entered the slow accumulation stage after July 10,indicating that the fruit gradually turned the mature stage,and the final content was 7.88％-14.79％.Vitamin C content accumulated to the end stage was 1.78-9.18 mg·hg-1.The titratable acid content of eighteen resources showed a trend of accumulation first and then degradation,while the titratable acid content of'Xinding-1'showed a downward trend during the whole growth period,and the titratable acid content of'GB-2'was stable and low during the whole growth period,and the acid content of twenty resources at the end was 0.18％-2.29％.The brightness value L*increased gradually from negative value to zero,red-green value a*decreased gradually from positive value to zero and yellow-blue value b*increased first and then decreased gradually to zero,and the total chromatism △E grad-ually decreased,indicating that the fruits had stronger antioxidant capacity and lower browning degree as they gradually matured.Finally,comprehensive evaluation of fruit antioxidant related indexes was conducted from strong to weak as follows:'GB-20'＞'HDM-21'＞'Hongrou 1'＞'Xia'＞'Zhong'＞'GB-12'＞'HDM-12'＞'XY-58'＞'XY-49'＞'XY-75'＞'XY-11'＞'HDM-11'＞'GB-9'＞'XY-51'＞'HDM-39'＞'Xinding-1'＞'GB-10'＞'HDM-20'＞'Ke'＞'GB-2'.Twenty Malus siever-sii(Ledeb.)M.Roem.fruits of'Hongrou1''Xia''Zhong''GB-9''GB-10''GB-12''GB-20''XY-11''XY-49''XY-51''XY-58''HDM-11''HDM-12''HDM-21'is both high sugar and acid type and high vitamin C type,which can be cultivated as functional resources,among which'GB-20'has the high-est vitamin C content and the strongest antioxidant,so it can be further considered for further fruit processing.
To identify viral pathogens associated with cabbage mosaic viruses,we conducted a high-throughput sequencing of the small interfering RNA(siRNA)of the leaf samples.Based on the siRNA sequences,potential viral pathogens were detected,including the turnip mosaic virus(TuMV),cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2),tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)and brassica yellows virus(BrYV).To confirm the existence of the viruses by RT-PCR,BrYV,TuMV and CMV were detected.Moreover,cloning and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on the coat protein(cp)of the BrYV.The cp fragments of the BrYV was 576 bp.Pairwise compari-son analysis indicated that the nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of the BrYV cp genes with other published BrYV BrYV isolates in NCBI were from 88.0％-96.4％and 90.1％-95.8％,respectively.A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed for BrYV using the cp gene sequence,indicating a close relationship between BrYV-GL(classified as BrYV-C genotype)and an isolate from Inner Mon-golia(GenBank accession no.EF079907).Four potential evidence of recombination was found among the 15 complete cp sequences.The results of this study may provide a theoretical reference for future research and control of the disease.
The isolation and identification of Asterophora lycoperdoides and the correlation between their nutritional physiology and ontogeny were invesitigated to provide a theoretical basis for expedi-ting the domestication process of other rare mushrooms.In this paper,three pure cultured mycelia strains were isolated from the fruiting bodies of three wild Asterophora.Their taxonomic statuses were identified by morphology and molecular biology.The wet mass and biological efficiency of the fruiting bodies were used as the main indicators to screen and identify the optimal strains and their corresponding basic media.The effects of different nutrient types,increase multiples and addition methods of nutrients on the ontogeny of the optimal strain were determined..The two identification approaches consistently categorized the three wild fungi strains within the A.lycoperdoides species.Among the screened media,strain YAASM4665 exhibited superior agronomic traits on nine media compositions,with the optimal basic media consisting of 15 g of wheat flour,35 g of cooked rice,and 50 mL of water,maintaining a natural pH value.A comprehensive investigation of five factors,inclu-ding increasing the water content in basic media to 80 mL or substituting it with 50 mL of potato juice,adding 0.50％glucose,replacing wheat flour with an equal mass of black bean flour,increasing nutrient levels by 1/2 multiples,and nutrient mixture,resulted in the optimal strain outperforming all other selected media.The highest fruiting body wet mass was achieved using potato juice(4.86 g),while the black bean flour media exhibited the highest biological efficiency(8.50％).The addition of 2％glucose facilitated chlamydospore formation delay.The chlamydospore formation period was found to be correlated with other agronomic traits to some extent,The mycelia germination period and fruiting body wet mass were identified as the main influencing factors.In conclusion,the ontogeny of A.lycoperdoides is affected by the genetic traits of the strainand nutrient factors,the chlamydospore formation is unfavorable to normal development of the fruiting bodies.The mycelium germination pe-riod may exerts the most significantly comprehensive impact on the chlamydospore formation.The findings above can be of any reference for domestication of other mushrooms.
In this study,M26 tissue culture seedlings of apple rootstock were used as experimental ma-terials,we used nutrient solution cultivation to investigate the effects of leaf spraying with different concentrations of NO donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on the uptake of mineral nutrients,sucrose metabolism,and nitrogen metabolism of seedlings under NaCl stress.The findings provide a founda-tional resource for enhancing the salt tolerance of M26 seedlings.The results showed that exogenous NO effectively alleviated the effects of NaCl stress on nutrient uptake,sucrose and nitrogen metabo-lism in M26 seedlings,with the best overall effect of 200 μmol·L-1 SNP spraying.Exogenous NO not only effectively enhanced the uptake of N,P and K by seedlings,but also increased the level of sucrose metabolism in seedlings.This enhancement was confirmed by increased activities of SPS and SS,as well as heightened expression levels of MdSPS6 and MdSuSy,the activities of AI and NI also was al-so increased.It improved the nitrogen metabolism of seedlings,increasing NR,GS,and GDH activity,and nitrate nitrogen content while reducing ammonium nitrogen content.thus mitigating ammonium toxicity.It also upregulated the expression of MdNR and MdNIR.In conclusion,the exogenous NO can alleviate the damage caused by NaCl stress to M26 seedlings to a certain extent,thereby improving the salt tolerance of seedlings and promoting seedling growth.
This study investigated the effects of different amounts of organic fertilizer combined with biochar on the quality and yield of greenhouse vegetables,as well as the accumulation and migration of soil nutrients and heavy metals in the soil profile.The greenhouse tomatoes were used as objective,five treatments were set up.These treatments consisted of CK(1 500 kg·hm-2 biochar+7 500 kg·hm-2 chicken manure),T1(1 500 kg·hm-2 biochar+15 000 kg·hm-2 chicken manure),T2(1 500 kg hm-2 biochar+15 000 kg·hm-2 chicken manure)T3(1 500 kg·hm-2 biochar+22 500 kg·hm-2 chicken manure)and T4(1 500 kg·hm-2 biochar+30 000 kg·hm-2 chicken ma-nure).The yield of soluble sugar,vitamin C,nitrate,and titratable acid,as well as the levels of nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,total copper(Cu),and lead(Pb)in the soil were determined.The re-sults showed that compared with CK treatment,the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in tomato under recommended fertilization treatment(T2)reached 2.275 and 0.219 mg·kg-1,and the yield in-creased by 49.31％,showing that T2 treatment improved the yield and quality of tomato;while T2 treatment also reduced the accumulation and migration of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus at 0-100 cm soil layer and heavy metals Cu and Pb at 0-30 cm soil layer;T1,T3 and T4 increased the accumulation and migration of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals.In conclusion,the appro-priate application of organic fertilizer and biochar during protected vegetable cultivation can mitigate the pollution of nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals.In addition,it improves the soil quality of pro-tected vegetable fields and ensures the safety of vegetable food production.
Male sterile lines are better hybrid materials compared with the others in Chinese jujube.In this study,five floral traits,flower area,flower diameter,nectar disk diameter,pollen quantity and pollen vitality were investigated and analyzed using male sterile jujube'JMS2'and'Jiaocheng 5'and their 140 F1 generation progenies as materials.The results showed that the flower diameter,flower area,honey disc diameter,pollen volume and pollen activity in jujube of F1 generation showed contin-uous variation,which was in line with normal distribution,presumably there were quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.The F1 generation of flower size traits in both years had similar distribu-tion trends and showed some trait separation,the coefficient of variation was between 8.66％to 17.84％,and its flower area coefficient of variation was the highest,and the two traits of flower di-ameter and flower area showed a tendency to be moderately inherited.The flowers of F1 generation plants all had pollen,and the pollen quantity and pollen activity traits were higher than those of their parents in two years,indicating obvious transgressive inheritance.Pollen traits could be widely sepa-rated,and the coefficient of variation range from 19.39％to 50.13％,and the coefficient of variation of pollen quantity was high.Through correlation studies,it was found that there was a very signifi-cant positive correlation between the three traits of flower diameter,flower area and honey plate di-ameter,and there was no significant relationship between pollen amount and pollen vitality.
为探讨施肥和控鼠对黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸植被和植物化学计量特征的影响,以青藏高原东缘高寒草甸为研究对象,通过比较施肥、施肥+控鼠处理下退化草地的植物生物量、群落结构、多样性和植物化学元素等指标,分析不同恢复措施对退化草地植物群落的影响.结果表明:施肥和施肥+控鼠处理均提高黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸中禾本科植物的重要值.施肥+控鼠处理显著提高植物 Simpson 指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和 Margalef指数.施肥处理显著增加植物氮和磷含量,显著降低植物地上部分 C∶N、C∶P 和N∶P,及其地下部分C∶N.施肥+控鼠处理与CK相比植物地下部分C∶P、N∶P均显著下降.研究表明施肥+控鼠处理更有利于黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸草地恢复.
旨在探究水氮耦合和灌水施肥深度对玉米生长的作用机理,为合理的水肥管理提供理论依据.以陕北地区普遍种植的玉米品种'天赐 19'为供试材料,设置灌水量(W3:2 650 m3·hm-2;W2:2 180 m3·hm-2;W1:1 715 m3·hm-2)、施氮量(N3:960 kg·hm-2;N2:600 kg·hm-2;N1:240 kg·hm-2;N0:不施氮)和灌水施肥深度(H3:0 cm;H2:5 cm;H1:10 cm;H0:15 cm)3 因素,根据复因素不完全实施方案设计 10 个处理.结果表明,水氮耦合及灌水深度对玉米的生长和生理指标有显著影响,在 N1H1 水平下,随着灌水量的增加,盆栽玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物质量和净光合速率呈现增加的趋势.在 W1 水平下,随着施氮量的增加,盆栽玉米的株高、叶片数、叶面积、干物质量呈现降低的趋势;茎粗和叶绿素含量呈现先增高后降低的趋势;隶属函数法得出 W3 N1 H1 处理隶属值最高.因此,推荐灌水量为 2 650 m3·hm-2、施氮量为 240 kg·hm-2、灌水施肥深度 10 cm为该地区玉米种植的最佳灌水施肥模式.
