With the advancement of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the global number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and HIV-related mortality has significantly declined. However, the high proportion of "late presentation" (defined as presenting to care with a low CD4 cell count or AIDS-defining events) among HIV-infected individuals remains a significant challenge in HIV prevention and treatment. HIV late presentation is associated with increased clinical risk, complex management, and higher risk of transmission, and represents a significant barrier to achieving the "95-95-95" targets and ending the HIV epidemic. Currently, both nationally and internationally, there is a lack of specific clinical guidelines for this population. Therefore, the China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology convened experts in the field to discuss the definition, clinical characteristics, risks, and cART of late presenters based on the latest research evidence and clinical practices both domestically and internationally. Specific recommendations were formulated to guide healthcare professionals in their clinical practice.
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Professional Group of the Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association formulated the first edition of theChinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (referred to as the Guidelines) in 2005. The 2024 edition of the Guidelines has been compiled by updating the 2021 fifth edition, incorporating the latest research advancements in antiviral therapy, comprehensive management, opportunistic infections, concurrent tumors, and the prevention and intervention of HIV infection. The new edition also introduces a new section on "Incomplete immune reconstitution", proposes the concept of "HIV vulnerable populations" for the first time with recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. This edition of the Guidelines covers 14 sections: epidemiology, pathogenic characteristics, laboratory tests, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and staging, diagnostic criteria, common opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, incomplete immune reconstitution, AIDS-related neoplasms, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and conception in serodiscordant couples, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and whole-course management of HIV infection. This edition of the Guidelines aims to assist clinical physicians in making informed decisions in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of HIV/AIDS and will be periodically revised and updated based on domestic and international research progress.
Cabotegravir (CAB-LA), the first long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), has been approved for use in the USA and is not currently on the market in China. However, willingness to use CAB-LA and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) have not yet been evaluated in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangxi, China, in 2022 recruiting 1,006 MSM. Their mean age was 30.2 years, 74.2
Objective To investigate the effect of the self-disclosure intervention on psychological distress and selfdisclosure in people living with HIV（PLWH）. Methods PLWHs were selected by convenience sampling and divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method. The control group received routine care and the observation group underwent additional 5-week self-disclosure intervention. The Chinese version of the Pain Disclosure Index Scale（DDI） and the Simple Psychological Status Rating Scale（Kessler 10） were used before the intervention（T0）, at the end of the intervention（T1） and 1 month after the intervention（T2） to compare the self-disclosure level and psychological distress level of the two groups. Results A total of 58 patients were enrolled, with 29 cases in the observation group and 29 in the control group. After the intervention, the self-disclosure scores of T1 and T2 in the observation group were（37.52±2.40） and（37.93±2.60）, which were significantly higher than those in T0（35.86±2.52）, and were higher than those in the control group（35.55±3.41） and（35.59±3.38）, with statistically significant differences（P＜0.05）. The psychological distress scores of T1 and T2 in the observation group were（19.34±4.84） and（18.83±4.69）.Compared with T0（21.28±4.78）, the difference was significantly lower than that of the control group（22.03±2.95） and（22.10±2.90）, and the difference was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The interaction of time and intervention between the two groups was significant（P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences before and after the intervention in the control group（P＞0.05）. Conclusions Self-disclosure intervention guided by the disclosure process model can effectively improve the self-disclosure level of patients and reduce their psychological distress.
Objective To explore the effects of stigma and healthcare provider engagement on depression among people living with HIV（PLWH） at different disease stages. Methods 100 PLWH were selected as research subjects and questionnaires were conducted at baseline（T1） and 6 months（T2） after by the Berger HIV Stigma Scale, the Healthcare Provider Engagement Scale and Depression Scale for epidemiological surveys. Results The total depression scores of PLWH at T1 and T2 were 6.00（2.00, 14.75） and 4.00（1.00, 12.00）, respectively. The detection rates of depression were 39.00%（39 cases） and 31.00%（31 cases） and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=52.92, P＜0.01）. The total scores of stigma were（109.33±24.87） and（107.27±25.75）, respectively. The difference has no statistical significance（t=1.261, P=0.105）. Information disclosure in stigma and healthcare provider engagement were risk factors for depression（P＜0.01）. PLWH’s stigma can directly predict the occurrence of depression（95%CI: 0.065-0.132）. Healthcare provider engagement, however, can have an indirect impact on PLWH’s depression（95%CI: 0.002-0.022）. Conclusions PLWH generally have varying degrees of stigma and depression in their daily lives. The involvement of healthcare providers may play a part-mediating role in the way stigma affects depression. Focusing on the level of stigma and the involvement of healthcare providers can help to detect and actively intervene in patients with depression to reduce their depression.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of HIV/AIDS-associated deaths in Jiangsu Province by evaluating the mortality trend and spatiotemporal distribution, and provide the scientific basis for controlling AIDS deaths.Methods The cumulative number of HIV/AIDS-associated deaths in Jiangsu Province was screened from the basic information system of AIDS prevention and treatment. The relevant information about the dead patients was obtained and analyzed. Results By the end of 2020, there were 4 556 HIV/AIDS-associated deaths in Jiangsu Province, of which 83.98% were males. The mean age at death was 49（38, 61） years. The source of HIV case detection was mainly from testing of other attenders in medical setting, accounting for 50.11% of total deaths. Death with the first CD4 cell count after HIV detection ＜200 cells/mm3 accounted for 55.01%. 53.86% did not receive ART at the time of death. 60.34% of deaths occurred within 1 year after HIV diagnosis. AIDS-associated deaths accounted for 28.05%. The three age groups（≤14 years old, 15-64 years old, and ≥65 years old） had significant differences in the route of HIV detection, first CD4 cell count, whether ART being received, survival time after diagnosis, and cause of death（P all ＜0.001）. From 2013 to 2020,crude mortality, standardized mortality and crude mortality of HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥65 increased from 0.42/100,000,0.41/100,000, and 0.44/100,000 in 2013 to 0.58/100,000, 0.54/100,000 and 1.37/100,000 in 2020, with an upward trend（t=6.46, P=0.001; t=5.50, P=0.002; t=6.66, P=0.001）. The number of deaths was higher in southern Jiangsu, but the cumulative proportion of deaths was highest in northern Jiangsu. In some areas of Nantong and Suzhou, there was a highhigh cluster of deaths. Conclusions The mortality rate of HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu Province is increasing. The number of deaths in Nantong City and Suzhou City showed a local cluster effect. Targeted scale-up testing, early detection of patients, and increased treatment coverage remain key strategies to control AIDS deaths.
As a unique population in the HIV epidemic, male sex workers（MSWs） have received increasing attention to the impact of the HIV epidemic. This population, which acts as a bridge between heterosexuals and homosexuals, has different HIV epidemic characteristics from other populations. We reviewed the risk factors, HIV epidemic situation, and intervention programs of MSWs in recent years to provide a reference for controlling the HIV epidemic in MSWs.
Objective To analyze the willingness and influencing factors of pre-exposure prophylaxis（PrEP） among men who have sex with men（MSM）. Methods The snowball sampling method was used to recruit MSM over 18 years who have had male anal sex in the last year in 5 cities of Shandong Province. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted to collect the information, including demographic characteristics, AIDS-related behavior characteristics, and willingness to use PrEP. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression mode were used to assess factors associated with willingness of PrEP usage. Results 2537 MSM were involved in the study and 58.6%（1487） were willing to use PrEP. However, there was a significantly different in willingness to use PrEP among different groups of age, marital status,monthly income, household registration, sexual partners, and sexual role. Compared with aged≥45years, divorced or widowed, with monthly income＜5000yuan, registered residence in Shandong province, the offline search for sexual partners, role for being inserted in anal intercourse, MSM were more likely to use PrEP with age≤24years（OR=1.8,95%CI: 1.2-2.7）, the unmarried（OR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.8-3.2）, the married or cohabiting（OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.8-3.2）, the monthly income≥5000 yuan（OR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.7）, registered residence in other provinces（OR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.2-2.3）,the MSM who looked for partners online（OR=1.4,95%CI: 1.2-1.7）, the inserted sex role（OR=1.5,95%CI:1.1-1.9） or the mixed-sex role（OR=2.0,95%CI:1.6-2.6）. Conclusions The willingness of Pr EP among MSM was low in Shandong province. We should publicize knowledge on Pr EP to promote the use of Pr EP among MSM, especially for those who are older, divorced or widowed, have lower monthly income, with residency in Shandong province, seek sexual partners offline, or with sex roles of being insert in anal intercourse.
Objective To investigate the expression of Wnt-1 signaling molecules in tissues of AIDS with condyloma acuminatum（CA） and to investigate the role of Wnt signaling in the hyperproliferation of AIDS with CA.Methods The AIDS/CA group and the AIDS/CA cancer group, CA group, and H group（healthy control group） were tested by human papillomavirus（HPV） typing DNA microarray technology test kit. Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the expression intensity and expression location of Wnt-1 protein. Results The intensity of Wnt-1expression was significantly higher in both the AIDS/CA group and the AIDS/CA cancer group than in the H group（Z=5.658, P=0.011; Z=5.888, P=0.000）, and the intensity of Wnt-1 expression was higher in the AIDS/CA cancer group than in the CA group（Z=12.342, P=0.038）. Compared with the AIDS/CA group, the differences in Wnt-1 expression intensity between the AIDS/CA cancer group and the CA group were not statistically significant（Z=10.480, P=0.266; Z=3.240, P=1.000）. However, in terms of expression location, there was a statistically significant difference in expression location between the groups（χ~2=14.121, P=0.008）. Compared with the expression location in the AIDS/CA cancer group, the differences in expression location in both the AIDS/CA and CA groups were statistically significant（χ~2=10.480, P=0.003;χ~2=8.933, P=0.003）. Wnt-1 was expressed more in the nucleus（62.5%, 5/8） in the AIDS/CA cancer group, while it was expressed more in the cell membrane（65.2%, 15/23; 45.4%, 10/22） in the AIDS/CA and CA groups. Conclusions Wnt-1signaling molecules are strongly expressed in the nucleus in the carcinogenesis of AIDS with CA, and the presence of carcinogenic tendencies of AIDS combined with CA can be assessed by detecting Wnt-1.
Objective To investigate the willingness and influencing factors of pre-exposure prophylaxis（PrEP） in young men who have sex with men（YMSM）. Methods From September 2017 to January 2018, baseline surveys were carried out in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang, among research subjects who were recruited by combining opportunity sampling and peer-driven sampling. The follow-up surveys were completed from July to September 2018, June to July 2019, October to December 2020, and July to December 2021. Univariate analysis was performed using χ2 test and t-test,and generalized estimation equations were used to analyze the influencing factors of PrEP use intention among YMSM.Results Among the 449 YMSM in the survey, 366（81.51%） reported their sexual orientation as homosexual, and 55（12.25%） did not disclose their same-sex sexual orientation before the follow-up. The baseline PrEP intention rate was the lowest（38.98%） and it reached the highest at the first follow-up（61.92%） with the PrEP willingness rates being 53.13%,51.09%, and 52.20%, respectively in the subsequent three follow-ups. The broad estimation equation showed that YMSM with open sexual orientation were more willing to use PrEP（OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.14-2.86）, and YMSMs with higher HIV infection risk scores were more willing to use PrEP（OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.02-1.10）. Conclusions YMSM who disclose their sexual orientation to their families, friends, colleagues, etc., and have high HIV infection risk scores are more willing to use PrEP drugs to prevent HIV infection. We should pay attention to the stress situation of sexual minorities faced by YMSM, to improve social support and adopt health interventions to reduce high-risk behaviors of HIV infection.
丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)主要传播途径为血液传播、性传播和母婴传播[1].据估计,全球丙肝感染率约为3.00％,感染人群约有1亿7千万[2].MSM易发生无保护性肛交、群交、多性伴等高危性行为,是性传播疾病(STD)(如丙肝、艾滋病)的高风险人群[3].全世界范围内,MSM的丙肝感染情况均较为严峻[4-7].中国艾滋病哨点监测结果显示,MSM中HCV抗体总阳性率在0.60％～0.80％之间[3],高于一般人群(多在0.25％以下)[8].本研究于2021年对吉林省MSM丙肝防治知识知晓率及主要影响因素开展相关调查,现报道如下.
Objective To explore the effect of EBV latent infection on the clinical and immune characteristics of people living with HIV（PLWHs）. Methods Blood specimens from HIV infected patients were collected for testing. The clinical data of the patients were collected retrospectively. EBV DNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood and serum samples respectively. EBV serological antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA（EBERs） was tested by the method of in-situ hybridization. Results A total of 168 patients’ blood specimens were collected. All serum EBV DNA loads were less than 400 copies/mL. The proportion of patients with whole blood EBV DNA positive was significantly higher among patients with HIV RNA ≥ 20 copies/mL than those with HIV RNA ＜ 20 copies/mL（71.79% vs.28.21%, χ2=15.986, P＜0.01）. Serum EBV antibody detection indicated that all patients’ EBV-CA-IgG were positive. The EBV-EA-IgG antibody level was significantly different between patients with positive and negative EBV DNA（25.64 %vs. 3.92%, χ2=10.866, P=0.01）. The whole blood EBV DNA positive rate of patients with CD4+ T cells ＜200 cells/μL was significantly higher than that of patients with CD4+ T cells ≥ 200 cells/μL（81.25% vs. 54.17 %, χ2=16.62, P＜0.01）, and the proportion of the patients with EBV DNA high loads（＞ 103 copies/mL）accounted for 68.99%. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio of patients with whole blood EBV DNA positive were significantly lower than those of patients with whole blood EBV DNA negative（P＜0.01, P＜0.05）. Moreover, there were 4 cases of lymphoma were diagnosed, of which 3 cases had positive EBER in-situ hybridization results, and also had higher whole blood EBV DNA load. Conclusions PLWHs with high loads of EBV DNA in whole blood have more severe immunodeficiency. Thus the latently infected EBV is more likely to be reactivated and may promote the risk of AIDS-related lymphoma among PLHWs.
我国约有1 000万人感染了 HCV[1],且报告发病率呈现缓慢上升的趋势[2].但是,人们对丙型病毒性肝炎(简称丙肝)的认识还远远不足.提高大众人群丙肝防治知识知晓率是诊断和治疗的基础[3].医疗机构是患者最直接获取丙肝防治知识的主要场所.本研究通过了解云南省医疗机构就诊者丙肝防治知识知晓现况,找出目前防治工作中的不足,为今后开展有针对性的干预和宣教提供科学依据.
Objective To understand the AIDS knowledge awareness among MSM in Beijing and apply IEC methods to explore adequate intervention information to provide a basis for targeted intervention work. Methods MSM was selected for investigation by convenient sampling in Beijing. The content includes personal information, social media use, AIDS knowledge awareness, and knowledge impact. The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was calculated through the "eight AIDS-related knowledge as stipulated by the state" response situation. The association between AIDS knowledge and condom use was analyzed by bivariate correlation test and ROC curve. Using the IEC method, which selects the intervention information entry necessary for MSM by the IEC level, the higher the IECI is, the more critical the entry is for MSM. Results A total of 246 MSM individuals were investigated in this study. 22 AIDS-related knowledge/information items were designed（16 for knowledge and 6 for information）. Of the 22 items, 7 items were IECI ≥20, 7IECI were 10-＜20 and 8 IECI were ＜10. Moreover, the top three IECI items were in the information category.Conclusions In the future, targeted publicity of story items should be strengthened on social media. Health education activities and mobile applications should be developed to strengthen such intervention and information dissemination to prevent the spread of AIDS in MSM.
2021年6月,联合国艾滋病规划署发布了 2030年实现终结艾滋病流行的目标[1].尽早发现感染者,尽快开展抗病毒治疗,实现有效病毒抑制是全球终结艾滋病流行的重要策略[2].艾滋病检测为临床诊断、治疗效果监测、调整治疗方案、病程进展监测及地区发病率估计等防治工作提供了不可或缺的基础支撑.近年来艾滋病的血清学检测、核酸检测、耐药检测、CD4细胞检测技术不断创新发展,有效提高了艾滋病检测服务的可及性、检测结果的准确性、以及检测结果返回的及时性.本文就近年来艾滋病检测技术的进展以及对高质量检测服务的推动作用综述如下.
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1（PSGL-1） is a transmembrane glycoprotein that exists on the surface of T lymphocytes and other cells and has a variety of biological activities. PSGL-1 is involved in not only the formation and development of inflammation but also the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. In recent years, PSGL-1 has been found to have an inhibitory effect on HIV infection, acting as a restriction factor for HIV replication. Studies also indicate that PSGL-1 could be a potential new target for HIV treatment in the future. In this article, we aimed to review the biological roles and cellular expression of PSGL-1, as well as PSGL-1’s inhibitory effects on HIV infection and associated mechanisms.
Objective To explore the willingness and related factors of receiving direct-acting antiviral therapy（DAAs） among hepatitis C virus-infected individuals in methadone maintenance treatment（MMT） clinics. Methods The data of hepatitis C virus-infected individuals in MMT clinics in Guangdong province were collected via the nonprobability sampling method. The willingness to receive DAAs and related factors were analyzed. Results A total of 314drug users were surveyed, with 86.0%（270/314） between 40 to 59 years old, 86.3%（271/314） of males, and 74.8%（235/314） of residents in cities. People with junior high school education or below accounted for 81.2%（255/314）, and those unemployed accounted for 54.8%（172/314）. 65.6%（206/314） were willing to receive DAAs. There were factors associated with the willingness of receiving DAAs including education level, the residence place, whether the stage of the disease was known, whether had been treated for hepatitis C before, the importance of curing hepatitis C to individuals, whether the drug was affordable and whether the medical insurance reimbursement method was convenient（P＜0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the drug users living in cities had a stronger willingness to receive DAAs than those living in townships or rural areas（OR=2.163, 95%CI: 1.064-4.394）. People who had been treated for hepatitis C before had a stronger willingness to receive DAAs than those who had not（OR=3.135,95%CI: 1.291-7.616）. People who thought that the cure of hepatitis C was important to individuals had a stronger willingness to receive DAAs than those who thought it was not important（OR=27.444,95%CI:5.833-129.118）, and those who thought the medical insurance reimbursement method was convenient had a stronger willingness than those who thought it was inconvenient（OR=4.094, 95%CI: 2.088-8.030）. Conclusions The willingness to receive DAAs was not high among hepatitis C virus-infected individuals in MMT clinics in Guangdong province. Attention should be paid to those who live in townships/rural areas, those who have not received hepatitis C treatment, those who think that the cure of hepatitis C is not important for individuals, and those who think that the medical insurance reimbursement method is inconvenient. Targeted measures such as propaganda and intervention should be strengthened for hepatitis C virus-infected individuals in MMT clinics.
Objective To explore the factors influencing the motivation of adopting HIV prevention measures（condom, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and post-exposure prophylaxis） among men who have sex with men in Yunnan Province based on the theory of protective motivation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a selfadministered questionnaire among HIV uninfected MSM in Kunming, Yuxi, Honghe, Dali, and Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the association between motivation in taking protective measures and scores on theoretical factors of protection motivation. Results 372 valid questionnaires were returned, of which 333（89.5%） respondents reported using prevention measures during their most recent sexual behavior.The use of prevention differed with different frequencies of anal intercourse in the past six months. The differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The level of theory factor scores for different measures of condom use was compared with the other two prevention measures, the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.001）. In addition, self-efficacy influenced the motivation of MSM to adopt condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, or post-exposure prophylaxis（path coefficient 0.801, 0.777, and 0.672, P＜0.001）. It seemed that the higher the self-efficacy of the MSM was, the more likely they would develop a protective motivation to adopt condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis. Vulnerability could promote the motivation of MSM to use pre-exposure prophylaxis（path coefficient 0.147, P=0.028）. Response efficacy（path coefficient 0.163, P=0.026） and response cost（path coefficient 0.297, P＜0.001） affected the motivation of MSM to adopt post-exposure prophylaxis. The higher the response efficacy and the smaller the response cost, the more favorable the motivation of MSM to use post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusions During the promotion of condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis, the level of theoretical factors of motivation for protection can promote motivation for protection among MSM and leading to better results of prevention interventions for MSM.
Objective To understand the knowledge and related factors on HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Beijing 2021. Methods From December 2021 to January 2022, a mobile dating app for MSM was applied to recruit research subjects who were ≥18 years, had anal sex with men in the past year in MSM groups in Beijing. We conducted a cross-sectional survey through a self designed network questionnaire to collect social demographics, behavioral characteristics, knowledge of nPEP use and use of nPEP. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of nPEP use. Results 1105 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 52.8% of the survey respondents were 18-29 years old, 59.3% understood the nPEP knowledge, and 14.5% had utilized nPEP. In addition, multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with MSM who had not been tested for HIV in recent 12 months, those who had been tested four times were more likely to have used nPEP（OR=5.031,95%CI:2.461-10.285）. Compared with those who did not have HIV-positive sexual partner in the last six months, those with an HIV-positive sexual partner were more likely to have used nPEP（OR=2.207, 95%CI: 1.023-4.760）. Compared with those who did not have commercial sex in the last six months, those who had commercial sex were more likely to have used n PEP（OR=3.305, 95%CI: 1.611-6.780）. Compared with those who could not consistently use condoms during anal intercourse in the last six months, those who could consistently use condoms were less likely to have used n PEP（OR=0.568,95%CI:0.383-0.842）. Conclusions The mastery of knowledge about the use of n PEP among the MSM population in Beijing is still at a low level, while those with high-risk behaviors are more likely to use n PEP.
Objective To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis influencing factors of AIDS patients with mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB） or non-tuberculous mycobacteria（NTM） bloodstream infection. Methods The data of AIDS patients with mycobacterial bloodstream infection in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 2015 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. The outcome of hospitalization was divided into a normal discharge group and a poor prognosis group. The rank sum and chi-square tests were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. Results A total of 207 cases of mycobacterial bloodstream infections were collected, including 80 MTB infections and 127 NTM infection cases. The inflammatory markers such as CRP and PCT were all higher in the patients with MTB infection than in NTM patients.However, NTM patients have a more severe immunodeficiency. Among patients with MTB bloodstream infection, 22 cases were in the poor prognosis group and 58 cases in the normal discharge group. The CRP（P=0.011） and PCT（P＜0.001） were higher than the normal discharge group, while albumin（P=0.032） and hemoglobin（P=0.020） were lower than the normal discharge group. The risk of poor prognosis in patients with CRP≥ 100 mg/L was 6.27 times higher than in patients with CRP ＜100 mg/L（P=0.029）. Among patients with NTM bloodstream infection, 39 cases were in the poor prognosis group and 88 cases in the normal discharge group. The poor prognosis group of albumin（P=0.016） and CD8 count（P=0.009） were low.Both albumin ＜30 g/L（OR=2.66, P=0.031） and CD8 ＜200/μL（OR=3.15, P=0.008） were risk factors for poor prognostic. Conclusions Mycobacterial bloodstream infection patients with a higher level of inflammatory markers have a higher risk of MTB than NTM. The CRP should be actively monitored for MTB patients. For NTM bloodstream infection, active management of hypoproteinemia and enhancing immune function was important for clinical outcomes.
