The aim of this consensus is to standardize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to achieve the goal of "eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030" issued by the World Health Organization. Formulated by organized experts of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Group of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing), the consensus provides the latest evidence and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.
Although COVID-19 no longer constitutes a "public health emergency of international concern", which still has being spreading around the world at a low level. Small molecule drugs are the main antiviral treatment for novel coronavirus recommended in China. Although a variety of small-molecule antiviral drugs against COVID-19 have been listed in China, there is no specific drug recommendation for special populations. Society of Bacterial Infection and Resistance of Chinese Medical Association, together with the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, and the National Center for Respiratory Medicine, organized domestic experts in various fields such as respiratory, virology, infection, critical care, emergency medicine and pharmacy to release Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Oral Small-Molecule Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19. The main content of this consensus includes the introduction of seven small-molecule antiviral drugs against COVID-19, focusing on the drug recommendations for 14 special groups such as the elderly, patients with complicated chronic diseases, tumor patients, pregnant women, and children, and providing suggestions for clinicians to standardize drug use.
目的 分析西安市儿童医院收治的急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒感染的流行病学特征,为西安市儿童诺如病毒防控提供科学依据.方法 采用胶体金法检测2021年1月—2022年12月西安市儿童医院收治的673例急性腹泻患儿的粪便样本诺如病毒GⅠ、GⅡ型.结果 673例样本中,诺如病毒检出率为20.51％(138/673),138例诺如病毒阳性样本中GⅠ型占34.06％(47/138)、GⅡ型占46.37％(64/138)、GⅠ型/GⅡ型占19.56％(27/138);诺如病毒阳性样本集中在第1季度;男女急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒检出率分别为21.63％(85/393)、18.93％(53/280);年龄<3岁和≥3岁急性腹泻患儿的诺如病毒检出率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.852,P=0.001),其中0～6个月、7～12个月、1～岁、2～岁急性腹泻患儿诺如病毒检出率较高,依次为32.53％、30.48％、23.23％、30.43％;3～岁急性腹泻患儿主要发生诺如病毒GⅠ型/GⅡ型混合感染,占80％.结论 西安市急性腹泻患儿感染诺如病毒基因型主要是GⅡ型,春冬季节是高发期,年龄<3岁婴幼儿是诺如病毒易感人群.
2020年4月,英国儿科医生提出一种与川崎病类似的严重炎症综合征,美国疾病控制与预防中心将其命名为儿童多系统炎症综合征.该病多见于6～15岁儿童及青少年,白种人及黑种人居多,亚洲人发病率不高.常累及呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统等多个系统,一旦起病,可在短时间内恶化,严重者可危及生命.故对于儿科临床医生来说,及时的诊断和治疗十分关键.本文报道1例在新型冠状病毒感染后出现类川崎病特征的儿童多系统炎症综合征.
