[Purpose/significance]Preprints have emerged as a novel form of academic communication and dissemina-tion of the latest research findings.As the role of preprints in scholarly communication becomes increasingly signifi-cant,there is a growing need to cultivate preprint literacy among researchers and users.[Method/process]This paper employs a combination of literature review and online survey methods to comprehensively analyze the connotation and components of preprint literacy.It discusses the necessity of libraries enhancing researchers'preprint literacy and pro-poses specific pathways for libraries to improve users'preprint literacy capabilities.[Result/conclusion]Preprint liter-acy is the awareness,knowledge and ability that researchers should have when using and participating in preprints and related platforms.Preprint literacy covers six key dimensions:cognition,needs,awareness,ethics,evaluation and com-petence.Libraries,as an important institution in the knowledge transfer and academic communication system,should take the responsibility of cultivating preprint literacy among researchers.Libraries should take the initiative to adapt to the new mode of academic communication,incorporate preprints into the collection resources system,publicize the val-ue of preprints to researchers,enhance researchers'knowledge and ability to use preprints,and continuously improve their preprint literacy.
[Purpose/significance]The public online health information search is increasing,and short video platforms have become an important health information medium.There exists a large amount of false health information on the short video platforms,which may be adopted by users.Therefore,analyzing driving factors of false health information adoption of short video users is conducive to the governance of false health information on the short video platforms and the optimization of online health information ecology.[Method/process]To clarify the driving factors of false health in-formation adoption behavior of short video users,this study has contextualized opportunity appraisals(perceived emo-tional support and perceived information superiority),threat appraisals(perceived risk and perceived barriers)and sec-ondary appraisals(health information literacy)under the short video platform context based on coping theory.[Result/conclusion]For primary appraisal,in opportunity appraisal,short video users'perceived information superiority exerts positive significant effect on their false health information adoption,while in threat appraisal,short video users'per-ceived risk exerts negative significant effect on their false health information adoption.For secondary appraisal,the health information literacy of short video users negatively and significantly affects their false health information adop-tion.This study has enriched the online community health information research,extended the research context of coping theory,and clarified the driving factors of false health information adoption of short video users.
[Purpose/significance]Explaining structure and evolution of science data policy can promote the construc-tion of science data management system and improve the level of open sharing of science data.[Method/process]This paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework based on policy citations,policy subjects and policy themes,and uses the literature research method and social network analysis method to explore the structure and evolution of central level science data policies from 2001 to 2022.[Result/conclusion]It is found that the policy evolution can be divided into four stages:the initial stage,the development stage,the transitional stage,and the innovative stage;at the policy networks of the four stages,the structural features of policy citations,subjects and themes are different.The sus-tainable development of policies benefits from legal protection and top-level planning,the division and collaboration government departments,and the coordination of science data sharing platform and system.To create open and shared science data ecology,the governments should formulate science data strategic plan,build a national integrated science data sharing platform,and accelerate the construction of data security system.
[Purpose/significance]Think tanks play an increasingly important role in national governance,and the study of knowledge innovation of think tanks is important in improving the service level of think tanks and enhancing the core competitiveness of think tanks in China.[Method/process]The article first defines the connotation of knowl-edge innovation of think tanks,and summarizes the special characteristics of the innovation such as cost constraints,based on specific business and development stage of think tanks.Secondly,it analyzes the knowledge innovation level of think tanks,determines that the knowledge innovation of think tanks is divided into two levels:project innovation and organization innovation,and summarizes the subject,motivation,goal and characteristics of the two levels innova-tion.Finally,a process model of knowledge innovation in think tanks is proposed based on the two innovation levels.[Result/conclusion]The realization of knowledge innovation requires certain conditions,and think tanks need to pro-vide corresponding safeguards in terms of organizational resources,organizational systems,organizational structures,management styles,and organizational cultures,so as to promote continuous knowledge innovation,increase knowledge assets,and improve the competitiveness of think tanks.
[Purpose/significance]Algorithm recommendation APP has attracted a large number of users,and improv-ing user retention has been the focus of all kinds of APP.This study explores the influencing factors of user churn be-havior,and provides suggestions and countermeasures to reduce user churn and improve user experience.[Method/process]The paper obtained 9772 comments from the users of the algorithm recommendation APP.The grounded theo-ry was applied to code the data to clarify the influencing factors of user churn behavior and build the influencing factors model of user churn behavior of the algorithm recommendation APP.[Result/conclusion]Information factors,environ-mental factors,system factors,and online communities influence user churn behavior by affecting users'sense of con-trol,and users'information literacy plays a moderating role in the sense of control and user churn behavior.
[Purpose/significance]A comprehensive analysis of the complexity of data problems and the deep logic be-hind them has important theoretical and practical guiding significance for grasping the core crux of scientific research data management and improving the scientific research data management performance.[Method/process]This paper uses Bourdieu's"field-habitus"theory to break through the limitation of traditional binary opposition,and aims to deeply reveal the practical problems of data power,subject behavior and resource allocation in scientific research data management.By selecting the retraction papers of periodicals included by WOS and Retraction Watch as the analysis objects,and using statistical analysis,comparative analysis and scientometrics methods,it is found that the current sci-entific research data management problems in China were generally showing a trend of excessive growth,variable type,complexity hierarchy,intertwined reasons,plural subject,and wide distribution.[Result/conclusion]The results show that,data problem mapping scientific research data management value deviation,and the differential mode of associa-tion in scientific research data management subject、the poor data management practices habitus、profit-seeking behav-ior、absence of policy supervision.Therefore,the scientific research data management in China should address both symptoms and root causes.It is necessary not only to effectively optimize the academic evaluation system,improve the management system of scientific research integrity,but also to balance the incentive and distribution pattern of scientif-ic research data management,improve data literacyand the scientific research data management system.
[Purpose/significance]The development of science and technology has driven the continuous growth of the number of scientific documents.Exploring the evolution characteristics of domain knowledge from different data source dimensions will help to establish a panoramic perspective on the development of domain knowledge.[Method/process]Using journal papers,conference papers,fund projects,and patents in the graphene field in the US as data sources,the BERTopic model is used to extract domain topics,track the evolution of domain knowledge from different data source dimensions,and compare the effects of knowledge evolution analysis from different dimensions.[Result/conclusion]The results show that the topic extraction results and the context of knowledge evolution based on a single data source have different emphases;domain topics based on fused data sources present a domain panorama and help to discover potential knowledge evolution patterns.
[Purpose/significance]Researches of learning-oriented search regard learning as the core of search activi-ty and focus on constructing the bridge between information behavior and learning behavior,in order to realize the re-source optimization and function design of learning-centered information search system,and support users to learn more deeply and sustainably,which is of great significance to the construction and development of learning society.In this study,we aim to investigate the characteristics and rules of metacognitive regulation activities behind users'infor-mation behavior and learning behavior representation during the search process.[Method/process]Thirty students from Peking University were recruited to collect data on metacognitive regulation activities in the process of completing the real self-prepared learning-oriented search task by observation and interview.A grounded theory approach was con-ductedto analyze data.[Result/conclusion]Six metacognitive regulation activities were identified,including aware-ness of acquiring goals,operation strategies of acquiring,awareness of selection criteria,evaluation clue of selection,awareness of processing goals,and operation strategies of processing.Based on these findings,we propose a metacogni-tive regulation model during learning-oriented search process.According to this model,from the micro perspective,we analyzed the characteristics of metacognitive regulation in each stage of learning-oriented search process.From a mac-ro perspective,searchers performed two different metacognitive regulation modes during the learning-oriented search process:divergent regulation mode and convergent regulation mode.This metacognitive regulation model provides an analytical framework for the subsequent exploration of metacognitive regulation activities,enlightening the functional optimization of the learning-supporting search system and the design and implementation of information literacy educa-tion and training.
[Purpose/significance]Identifying and evaluating online high-quality advices in crisis situations and ob-taining valuable and usable information can help management departments find solutions to the crisis and solve the cri-sis effectively.[Method/process]According to the characteristics of online advice in crisis situations,this study con-structed a Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)-based user suggestion identification model.Based on the Elaboration Like-lihood Model and the Advice Response Theory,this study built a user advice quality assessment system from two dimen-sions of information quality and source quality.The system consists of indicators such as timeliness,relevance,urgency,and so forth.Taking the public event of"the 49th High School Student in Chengdu Falling from a Building on May 9th",2021 as an example,this study identified and evaluated the user advices,ranked and analyzed the distribution of quan-tity and content themes.[Result/conclusion]The online user advices in crisis situations can be classified into high-quality advices,usable advices and ordinary advices.The quantitative distribution of the three types of advices and the thematic distribution of their content have different characteristics at different stages of the crisis life cycle.According to these characteristics,this study puts for ward suggestions for management departments to apply user advices and opti-mize the crisis response process.
[Purpose/significance]"Event"is the core concept of human social activities and the key element of intelli-gence activities.With the development of machine learning,big data,artificial intelligence and other emerging technol-ogies,a new technology with event as the research object,named"Event Evolution Graph"(EEG),comes into being.This paper sorts out and summarizes the research advance of the EEG,so as to provide reference for the research and application of this technology.[Method/process]The concept,research status and key technologies of the EEG were investigated,analyzed and summarized based on literature research.Firstly,this paper introduces the basic concept and research status.Then,the overall technical framework is summarized and the key technologies related are dis-cussed in detail.Finally,the challenges faced and future prospects of the EEG are proposed.[Result/conclusion]At present,information science research is gradually changing from static object to dynamic object knowledge manage-ment with event as the core.Since it was first proposed in 2017,the EEG has gradually attracted extensive attention from academia and the industry,and has achieved application results in various fields,which will provide strong techni-cal support for the research of information science in the future.
[Purpose/significance]Scientific research integrity is the cornerstone of scientific and technological inno-vation.With the popularization of data-driven research paradigm,the proportion of scientific research misconduct such as data falsification and tampering has increased significantly,highlighting the close internal relationship between sci-entific research integrity management and scientific research data management.[Method/process]This paper compre-hensively uses system analysis method,case analysis method and comparative analysis method to analyze the interac-tive strengthening effect and gradual accumulation effect of the linkage development of scientific research integrity man-agement and scientific research data management,and then discusses the current predicament of scientific research in-tegrity management from the six elements of subject,object,rule,technology,community and division of labor and their interactive relations under the guidance of activity theory.[Result/conclusion]This paper builds an explanatory frame-work for scientific research integrity management from the perspective of data management,and puts forward a joint de-velopment path of integrity management and data management,including promoting the overall layout of scientific integ-rity management with complete data system,promoting the system construction of integrity management with high data quality,and deepening the internal driving force of scientific integrity management with efficient data development.
[Purpose/significance]The construction of double first-class disciplines puts forward new requirements for university libraries'literature information resource guarantee ability and subject service ability.This paper summa-rized the relevant research,and provides reference for the further improvement of the university libraries'literature in-formation resource guarantee work.[Method/process]Using keyword search and citation tracing to collect literature.Through literature investigation,sum up three directions of the construction of subject service oriented literature infor-mation resources guarantee.[Result/conclusion]The current research on subject service oriented literature informa-tion resource guarantee includes content construction,reader service and organization management.In detail,it is found that the research on cross-disciplinary resource construction,service tool innovation and management process formulation still exist research space and need to be further improved.
主持人导语 数据是现代科学研究不可或缺的重要组成部分,数据不仅以编码形态真实再现了科研活动过程,还预设了知识生产与学术传播的空间走向.然而,科研过程中的数据伪造、数据篡改、图片剽窃等数据诚信问题长久困扰学术圈,既折射出科研诚信的实际状况,也反映了科学研究数据生态治理的现实困境.
[目的/意义]山水志作为地方志的重要分支,蕴含丰富的山水文化史料,对山水志史料资源进行语义知识关联研究有助于推动其在数智时代的开发利用.[方法/过程]文章在对山水志史料资源语义化知识关联框架构建的基础上,以《沙湖志》为例进行实证研究,在数据采集与分析的基础上,构建本体模型框架实现山水志史料资源领域内知识概念的规范化重塑,基于Drupal内容管理平台构建关联数据应用实现山水志史料资源概念间关系的关联发布,同时结合图数据库Neo4j构建知识图谱实现多维知识发现.[结果/结论]以《沙湖志》为对象进行实证研究验证了山水志史料资源语义化知识关联框架的合理性,为山水志史料资源从采集描述到组织发布乃至知识发现提供可行的实现方案.本研究为方志领域内史料语义化的组织服务提供了借鉴价值,也为地方山水文化的开发利用提供了新的研究视角.
[目的/意义]探究科研大数据生态治理的影响因素,有利于促进科研大数据的良性发展和数据资源的优化再生.[方法/过程]文章运用扎根理论的研究方法,分析了不同领域人员对于科研大数据的使用需求,构建了原生、伴生、次生影响因素框架模型,并对其影响因素之间进行了关联性分析,最后针对不同群体的使用需求提出了数据治理的优化建议.[结果/结论]科研大数据生态治理受原生数据、伴生环境、次生资源等因素影响,具体来说,数据初始质量和传播过程影响着原生数据质量,同时受数据治理架构规范性、治理技术适配度、人才积聚量等伴生因素的影响,最后输出的数据资源则作为次生因素对治理过程进行着反馈与更新,总体上形成了"输入+输出""内调节+外循环""治理+反馈"的生态化治理框架.
[目的/意义]健康中国离不开健康老龄化,研究我国中老年人的健康水平具有重要意义,不仅为临床治疗、卫生服务供给和卫生服务规划提供依据标准,还推动社会学与养老服务、健康信息学等交叉研究.[方法/过程]文章基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年调查数据,使用探索性因子分析从主观健康、慢性病患病数、心理健康和自理能力四个方面对中老年居民健康进行测量,并进一步使用多指标多因素模型研究影响中老年居民健康的因素.[结果/结论]研究发现:(1)全国各省居民的健康水平呈现明显的阶梯型地域分布特征.(2)低龄、男性、已婚的中老年居民健康状况往往更优,学历、社会活动参与对居民健康产生正向影响.居民户籍身份对健康并没有显著影响,而居住地为农村的居民健康水平往往比城市居民更低.(3)参加企事业单位养老保险和城镇职工医疗保险的中老年居民健康状况通常更优.城乡中老年人在养老保险收入、医疗保障水平和社区养老服务方面存在显著差异.
[目的/意义]政府公共信息服务既是满足社会信息需求、支撑国家战略的重要一环,也是危机情境中迅速并有效应对事件管控、舆情疏导、稳定民心的必然要求.揭示危机情境下政府公共信息服务可及的形成机理,探究提升服务可及的路径,将有助于提升政府危机应对与处置效率.[方法/过程]文章聚焦重大突发公共卫生事件中政府公共信息服务的现实困境,基于"问题导向-机理分析-实现路径"的研究范式,采用扎根理论分析方法,以危机期间有效发挥服务效能的"微嘉园""i深圳""随申办"三个信息服务平台为例,从供给侧、需求侧双重视角分析公共信息服务可及的关键要素和形成过程,在构建机理模型的基础上阐述服务提升路径.[结果/结论]研究发现,(1)危机情境下,需求倒逼、危机压力是促进政府公共信息服务可及的重要驱动力.(2)政府公共信息服务可及整体经历了"危机前预警学习-危机间应对学习-危机后迭代学习"的过程.供给端的有效供给和需求端的精准识别与反馈共同促成供求耦合的实现.服务组织的韧性重塑是服务系统破解压迫干扰、应对动态形势的关键要素,同时需借力数字信息平台的有效嵌入.(3)文章提出的"数智驱动-组织协同-理念跃升"的服务可及提升路径,有利于政府公共信息服务在"融慧治理"新阶段提质增效,实现供需适配,增强政府在危机情境下的职能作用.
[目的/意义]文章旨在探讨ChatGPT用于论文创新性评价的效果与可行性,如果以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能可以用于论文创新性评价,将能够有效提高创新评价效率.[方法/过程]通过模拟真实的论文创新性评价需求和应用场景,选择生命科学、细胞免疫、市场营销、经济学、人工智能、信息资源管理6个研究领域完成超24轮论文创新性评价实验.采用内容分析法,深入分析ChatGPT在论文创新性评价过程中生成的文中本材料,对其创新评价过程、标准与可行性进行研究.[结果/结论]研究发现,ChatGPT在论文创新性评价任务展现出良好性能,评价方法与标准均表现出较高的综合性与科学性,能够较好地完成多学科领域的论文创新性评价.现阶段,ChatGPT用于论文创新性评价的稳定性、准确性与真实性稍显不足,可在相关任务中将其视为高效的论文创新性评价辅助工具.随着提示工程的发展、互联网访问权限的开启、学术数据库的开放获取,ChatGPT用于论文创新性评价的不足预计会被逐渐弥补.
[目的/意义]公众受到突发公共事件威胁时,极易催生公众对政府机构的信任危机,加剧舆情风险.情感是推动舆情发展的潜在动因,但目前对公众的情感风险预警却尚未有深入的研究,且未有详细的定义与判断.[方法/过程]本文以风险沟通理论为基础,从定量角度对公众情感风险的预警程度进行评估,再设计情感风险特征体系,构建情感风险识别与预警框架,从多角度分析模型的预警性能以及不同的特征对模型的贡献程度.[结果/结论]实验结果发现,逻辑回归在情感风险识别任务上表现优秀;TextRCNN和BiLSTM+Attention的组合模型性能最优,可以高效完成情感风险的识别与预警任务;通过特征消融实验发现情感特征和语义特征均对模型性能的影响显著;影响力特征贡献度较低;文本向量特征可以提升深度学习模型的风险感知性能.
[目的/意义]面对AI进步与ChatGPT类大模型发展为情报领域带来的前所未有之变革,文章多方面分析国内外生成式AI大模型执行情报领域典型任务的有效性与可靠性,为高效利用其能力助力情报工作提供参考.[方法/过程]文章结合情报领域多方面工作内容设计问题,分别在Gpt-3.5-Turbo与ChatGLM-6B大语言模型上进行测试、对照与提示工程探索,采用专家打分法进行测评,详细分析评价大语言模型的9项能力水平.[结果/结论]大语言模型在执行多数典型情报任务上都展现出了较强能力,运用好提示工程能大幅提升大语言模型的优势能力,结合外部工具可以有效弥补大语言模型自身的短板,充分挖掘大语言模型潜力将带来情报工作效率的巨大提升.
