International buoy data has become an important data source for the operational update,and the acquisition of international buoy data is conducive to grasping the changes in the marine environment in the surrounding sea areas and improving the early warning ability of abnormal conditions.Aiming at the problems of many sources of international buoy data and the low degree of automation of data processing,this paper breaks through the key technical bottleneck of multi-source massive international buoy data collection and processing,and designs and develops an international buoy data business processing system.The system is divided into data collection,data processing,and standardization,quality control,weight collection integration,data output,data application,and management and other subsystems,the realization of international buoy data download,processing,and product output,and other functions of the business,to achieve rapid and effective use of data,has achieved good application results.
This paper gives the statistics of storm surge disasters which happened along Fujian coast from 2008 to 2017,and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of storm surges,economic losses status of storm surge disasters and the characteristics of storm surge disaster.The results show that the storm surge could frequently attack Fujian,affects large domain,and results in severe.What's more,during the impact of storm surge,the combination of high sea level,astronomical tide and storm surge could increase the disaster level of storm surges.
The National Science Foundation(NSF)of the United States of America funded project,the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office(BCO-DMO),uses Drupal as a content management system(CMS)to organize and serve marine metadata and data from a subset of NSF funded and other projects.Metadata is essential for making data(in our case oceanographic data)discoverable,retrievable,and reusable.While most metadata must come directly from the data contributor,metadata from NSF funded research can be obtained from the NSF website.This paper describes our approach of leveraging Open Source Software and Programming Best Practices for Sustainable BCO-DMO Web Applications.We chose to set up an intermediate website and supporting database,calling it the NSF Tracker website,between the NSF and the BCO-DMO websites,implemented using Drupal,to acquire,store,and pre-populate the BCO-DMO metadata database.During the development process of the NSF Tracker website,we used carefully selected Drupal contributed modules and developed custom modules and followed the concept of loose coupling between the NSF website and the BCO-DMO website.To achieve loose coupling of the two websites,we decided to pass data between the websites by using web services.This way,neither website needed to know how data were stored or retrieved.The new version benefited by using Drupal modules,Drupal Form Application Programming Interface(API),jQuery,Ajax and PHP components.This approach improved security,flexibility and sustainability of the NSF Tracker implementation.
Multi-frequency high frequency radar with small circular array was deployed in Zhujiajian and Shengshan to detect the winds,waves,and currents in the overlapping area operationally in 2007.No.1509 typhoon Chan-hom landed in the coastal areas of Jujiajian,and then moved north by east,passing the HFSWR detection area.This paper compared the HFSWR observed data to anchoredbuoy observed data and ASCAT satellite remote sensing large area wind data respectively.The results of comparison indicated that HFSWR basically reflected the real distribution of wind and current of Zhoushan area during typhoon Chan-hom,showing the HFSWR is qualified to detect the winds and currents under complex marine conditions.
The cyclic peptides with antialgal activity were screened from Gracilaria lemaneiformis,Neoporphyra yezoensis,Silvetia siliguosa and Undaria pinnatifida,by thin-layer in-situ chemical reaction with ninhydrin reagent and antialgal activity test.The cyclic peptides with antialgal activity were found in the extracts of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Neoporphyra yezoensis,respectively.Cyclo(Pro-Gly),cyclo(Ser-Pro),cyclo(Ala-Trp)were finally isolated from Gracilaria lemaneiformis,and cyclo(Leu-Pro)and cyclo(Val-Tyr)were purified from Neoporphyra yezoensis by repeated silica gel column chromatography and(or)silica gel thin layer chromatography.Except for cyclo(Ser-Pro),the other four cyclic dipeptides were obtained from corresponding marine macroalgae for the first time.Cyclo(Pro-Gly),cyclo(Leu-Pro)and cyclo(Val-Tyr)significantly inhibited the growth of Amphidinium carterae,Heterosigma akashiwo,and Phaeocystis globosa;they showed selective growth inhibition for Karenia mikimotoi and Skeletonema costatum.At the concentration of 50 μg/mL,the growth inhibition of cyclo(Pro-Gly),cyclo(Leu-Pro)and cyclo(Val-Tyr)for Amphidinium carterae,Heterosigma akashiwo and Phaeocystis globosa was≥50%(on the 4th day);the growth inhibition of cyclo(Pro-Gly)for Karenia mikimotoi and that of cyclo(Leu-Pro)for Skeletonema costatum were more than or close to 50%.Further,EC50-96h of cyclic dipeptide for red tide microalgae was obtained.EC50-96h of cyclo(Pro-Gly)for Karenia mikimotoi and Phaeocystis globosa,EC50-96h of cyclo(Leu-Pro)and cyclo(Val-Tyr)for Heterosigma akashiwo were less than that of potassium dichromate for corresponding red tide microalgae.This suggested that cyclo(Pro-Gly),cyclo(Leu-Pro)and cyclo(Val-Tyr)have more advantages in inhibiting Karenia mikimotoi,Phaeocystis globosa or Heterosigma akashiwo,and are expected to be developed into an environment-friendly algal inhibitor against red tide microalgae.
This paper establishes the theory and method of calculating the value of sea area resource assets,and uses the market method and the income method to calculate the expected net income of the resource assets in the sea area without right of use,and calculates the value of sea area resource assets comprehensively.The results show that the total value of resource assets in the sea area is high,mainly concentrated in the sea area without the right of use.The asset price of different areas of the sea area without right of use is related to the function type,offshore distance and sea structure.The price of sea area resource assets calculated by the market method and the income method is close to each other.The higher price of sea area resource assets calculated by the income method is related to the low marketization degree of sea area resource assets and the adjustment of the standard of sea area use fee in recent years.The classification accounting of sea area resource assets can scientifically and reasonably evaluate the expected income of sea area resource assets and calculate the value of sea area resource assets without the right of use based on the existing sea area pricing.It is necessary to carry out detailed management of marine resources assets in accordance with natural conditions and planned uses,price them scientifically and reasonably,and improve paid use and use control measures of assets,so as to ensure the preservation and appreciation of state-owned natural resources assets and promote the sustainable and efficient development of marine economy.
The sea of Guangxi provides important habitat for the biodiversity maintenance of mangrove,coral reef,white dolphin and so on.Based on the data of mangroves,coral reefs,seagrass beds,beaches,wetlands,turtles,amphioxus,white dolphins and germplasm resources in Guangxi sea area,and used marxan software to build the priority protection pattern of Guangxi sea area and identify the protection vacancy.The results show that the priority reserves in Guangxi are concentrated in Sanniang Bay,Hepu and Weizhou Island,and some areas are not included in the existing protection system.Compared with the marine ecological red line in Guangxi,the protection gaps are mainly distributed in the coastal beach area,mangrove area and Weizhou Island Coral Reef area.Based on the theory of systematic protection planning,this paper studied the priority protection pattern of Guangxi sea area for the first time,and provided scientific suggestions for the protection planning and management of Guangxi sea area.
Based on the GNSS coordinate time series of nearly 9 years of 22 tide stations in China's coastal areas,we use the maximum likelihood estimation method to analyze the noise characteristics and establish the optimal noise model for each station.Finally,we estimate station speed by considering the colored noise.Compared with the speed and error estimated by considering pure white noise model and GLOBK result.The results show:1)All of the GNSS time series of coastal tide stations contain colored noise.The east and vertical coordinate mainly includes white noise + flicker noise,and the north coordinate mainly includes white noise + flicker noise and white noise + first-order Markov noise+ random walk noise.2)The values of white noise and flicker noise in the north and east coordinates of the three coastal areas show the law that the noise is more southward,the values of white noise and flicker noise of the vertical coordinates in south China sea are the largest.3)The speed error that considers colored noise is 5 to 10 times greater than considering only white noise and GLOBK result.4)When estimating the speed of the GNSS of tide station,the noise type should be judged first,and the color noise should be considered to estimate the speed.
In the present paper, the risk assessment of disasters induced by typhoons in Shandong Province has been carried out based on the basis of the analyses of the historical data during 1985-2010. In order to reduce the impact of the social and economic development status on the evaluation results in various periods, the normalized evaluation method was used to analyze the annual typhoon-induced damage in the concerned period. The quantitative comprehensive index is proposed with fuzzy mathematics, and the effect of typhoon-induced disasters is systematically investigated with the proposed index. In the analyses of the various hazard factors, the damage induced by the typhoon is combined with human and social factors, and further is comprehensively analyzed based on a GIS platform. The assessment results indicate that the normalized damage induced by typhoons presents the downward trend year by year and regional differences with significant temporal-spatial characteristics. The results of the present study are expected to be beneficial to disaster prevention and mitigation in Shandong Province.
A preliminarily assessment of the applicability of the sea surface pressure and wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data is carried out using the observation data at 10m height observation data of 9 buoys in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea. The results show that: the sea surface pressure and wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data has high correlation coefficients with the observation data, the correlation between sea surface pressure and wind speed is different in different time scales.The correlation of monthly average is better than that of daily average and daily extreme value, and the correlation coefficient is the lowest in extreme weather. In generally, the deviation between statistical products of the ERA5 and the observed products is negative. It means that the high pressure is weaker than the observed data, and the low pressure is stronger than the observed data, and there is some systematic deviation between ERA5 reanalysis data and the observed data. The deviation varies with the different wind speed level, when the wind is high, the reanalysis wind speed is generally less than the measured. By analyzing the monthly average data, the reanalysis data reveal the seasonal variation of sea surface pressure in the study area,and the deviation from the observed data also show seasonal variation characteristics, the applicability in winter is better than in summer. The error of reanalysis data of sea surface pressure and wind speed is large under extreme weather conditions,especially the typhoon process, further evaluation and revision of the data are needed.
Using the measured data to analyze the change rule of water increase and decrease in the coastal waters of Tanggu station. The water increase caused by the temperate cyclone in winter accounts for a higher frequency in the whole year, and the water increase caused by the tropical cyclone in summer is larger, which brings serious storm surge disasters. This paper determines the maximum tropical cyclone parameters through statistics of historical typhoon processes, establishes a numerical model of storm water increase and decrease, and calculates the maximum possible water increase caused by typhoons in this sea area, and the water increase value is 3.6 m. A gale sensitivity experiment was constructed, and the maximum possible increase or decrease of water in the gale was calculated.
In order to thoroughly implement the national research on peak carbon dioxide emissions' carbon neutral strategy, this paper uses China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) network database to search the literature reports on the theme of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and makes bibliometric analysis from key words, institutions and research fields. The literature mainly focuses on 2020-2021;the research hotspots are peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality, and carbon emission. After analysis, the relevant research in the fishery field is still in the initial stage, and the construction of monitoring system and platform needs to be further strengthened to provide technical support for realizing the goal of "double carbon"in the fishery field in the future.
To assess the influence of the initial temperature field on ocean temperature and sea ice simulations, a climatological dataset (WOA18), a real-time varying dataset (SODA), and an analysis field obtained after applying the"vertical projection" assimilation scheme were selected to obtain the initial temperature field (the initial moment was December 1, 2015) for use in the sea ice simulation of the HAMSOM ice-ocean coupled model, considering the Bohai Sea in the 2015/2016 winter. In this study, after using this assimilation scheme, the analysis initial temperature field showed significant improvement. The simulated SST results showed that the initial temperature field had a considerable effect on the SST results in the first 45 days of the model run; after this period, the effect became negligible and the model internal dynamics and atmospheric forcing became dominant. The simulated sea ice results showed that the ice area and ice edge distance (i.e., the distance between the intersection of the central axis and the ice edge line and axis apex) results obtained in experiment E3 which used the analysis initial temperature field were improved by ～14％ and ～35％, respectively, and those obtained in experiment E2 which used the real-time varying initial temperature field were improved by ～10％ and ～22％, respectively, compared to the results of experiment E1 which used the climatological initial temperature field.
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with high (HC) and low (LC) total carotenoid content (TCC) were sampled from a selected line of Pinctada fucata martensii with black shell in the prismatic layer. The expression levels of candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR. Targeted resequencing was used to detect SNPs in a candidate gene, PmSR-BI. The association of TCC with SNPs in PmSR-BI was determined. Results showed that a total of 1025 DEGs were identified between HC and LC. The expression levels of the candidate gene PmSR-BI in HC were higher than those in LC. Seven SNPs in the exon and eight SNPs in the 5' regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were found. Association analysis showed that one SNP in the exon and two SNPs in the 5' regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were significantly associated with the TCC (P<0.05). All SNPs of PmSR-BI were divided into four blocks. CC haplotype in Block 1 and AG haplotype in Block 3 were significantly higher than other haplotypes. These results help elucidate the mechanism underlying carotenoid metabolism and develop marker-assisted breeding design in the species.
The paper analyzes the characteristics of the vertical movement of the land in the coastal areas of China and its neighboring areas by using the GNSS observation data of the tide gauge at coastal stations of China and the land-based network GNSS reference stations in the neighboring areas, combined with the satellite altimeter and the sea-level observation data of the stations. The results show that the vertical movement of the land in China's coastal provinces and municipalities and coastal tide gauge stations is generally ascending from Liaoning to Jiangsu Province and subsiding from Shanghai to Quanzhou, Xiamen to Guangxi Autonomous Region coastal alternate pattern of elevation, local coastal plain areas such as southern Tianjin in the North China Plain, and Cang County in the Hebei Plain show significant subsidence characteristics. The uplift and subsidence of land at tide gauge stations is an important part of the relative sea level changes along the coast. The accurate characteristics of the vertical movement of land at tide gauge stations and its adjacent areas provides basis for analysis of relative sea level changes along the coast, assessment of sea level change impact and future sea level rise forecast.
Based on macrobenthos collected from intertidal seagrass bed in Guangrao, Shandong Province in May 2013, the macrobenthic structure and diversity were analyzed. A total of 41 macrobenthic species were identified, among which crustaceans were the most speciose macrobenthic taxa (16 species), followed by polychaetes (15 species) and mollusks (10 species). Seven dominant macrobenthic species were identified, including 3 species of polychaetes, 2 species of crustaceans and 2 species of mollusks. The total abundance across the whole sampling area was 661.33 ind/m2. Total abundance and the abundance of Potamocorbula laevis and Heteromastus filiformis showed significant spatial variation, and the macrobenthic abundance distributed in seagrass meadows was higher than that in other areas. The results of cluster, nMDS ordination, SIMPER and IMS analyses all showed no linear correlation along the distance gradient from the seagrass meadow. Therefore, degraded seagrass can still provide detectable but limited ecological services. However, the rehabilitation of seagrass bed is essential and urgent to regain their full ecological function.
Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources. Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China. Based on the analysis of the construction of offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province, this article proposes to actively promote the integrated development of offshore wind power and marine ranching. The suitability and deployment conditions of Sargasso algae reef construction in offshore wind farms, the feasibility of developing an integrated development model featuring artificial algae reefs + offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province, as well as the importance of ecological sea area use and management were discussed. Regarding the necessity of intensive and economical utilization of sea and sea resources, it is believed that the development model of "marine ranching + offshore wind power" will become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization of sea areas in the future.
As the international community place high value on the ocean, protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean have become the consensus of all countries around the world. Integrated ocean management, as an important part of the ocean governance mechanism within the framework of the United Nations, have approached to the scene view of human gradually. Taking the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the framework, the current international integrated ocean management is summarized and the future development trend of ocean management is analyzed, providing reference for China to build a maritime power and a maritime community with shared future.
Based on the existing geomagnetic diurnal variation theory and correction method, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the international geomagnetic quiet diurnal variation by Fourier Transform and one-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform. The frequency band greater than 0.2 Hz is the embodiment of the geomagnetic disturbance field in the frequency domain. Discrete Wavelet Transform is used to separate the variation, thus improving accuracy of the existing geomagnetic diurnal variation correction method. According to the characteristics of variation and Discrete Wavelet Decomposition, Sym8 wavelet is selected as the basic wavelet to decompose the data at 7 layers. The long-term and short-term variation of geomagnetic diurnal variation are effectively separated from the geomagnetic disturbance part under the condition of ensuring the fidelity. Compared with the results of Fourier Series decomposition and low-pass filter, the processing effect of Discrete Wavelet Transform is better. The effective separation and correction of short-term, long-term variation and geomagnetic disturbances can improve the quality of diurnal variation correction in marine geomagnetic measurement, reduce the error accumulation in the process of marine geomagnetic data processing, and improve the scientificity and accuracy of the current diurnal variation correction methods.
Pearl oyster Pinctada maxima is mainly used to produce high-valued gold and silver colored nucleated pearls. We developed a line with golden nacre in the mantle edge by sampling breeders from the Sanya population of pearl oyster P. maxima. It is found that the total carotenoid content(TCC) in the mantle tissues of the strain group(SG) was significantly higher than that of the control group(CG). Differentially expressed genes between the strain and control group(a line with silver nacre in the mantle edge) were screened. A total of 28285 genes were annotated in the transcriptome. Totally, 295 up-regulated genes and 254 down-regulated genes were annotated which the strain compared with the CG. Lipid-transport and metabolism genes, such as fatty acid-binding protein, cytochrome P4503A and ATP-binding cassette sub-family A were up-regulated in the line. The expression levels of candidate genes in the line were higher than those in the CG, which are basically consistent with the transcriptome results. These findings are helpful to understand carotenoid metabolism in golden colored nacre formation of pearl oyster P. maxima.
