To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of coastal wetland policies in Liaoning Province, this study collected 102 policy documents issued by Liaoning Province and its prefecture-level cities from 1999 to 2025. Using the Word2Vec word-embedding model, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF), co-occurrence network analysis, and knowledge graph visualization, the staged evolution of these policies was analyzed in terms of policy quantity, thematic change, hotspot keywords, and policy tool allocation. The results show that: (1) the number of coastal wetland policy documents in Liaoning Province generally increased, indicating growing policy attention and an expanding policy supply; (2)policy themes evolved from basic protection to ecological restoration and then to monitoring and management; (3)the co-occurrence network of policy hotspot keywords shifted from a loose structure to multi-node coordination, reflecting the increasing systematicity and complexity of coastal wetland governance issues; (4)policy tool allocation gradually shifted from command-and-control dominance to coordinated use of multiple tools, while cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, the classified and hierarchical wetland management system, and the policy tool structure still need further improvement. Accordingly, collaborative governance mechanisms, the classified and hierarchical management system, and the policy tool mix should be improved to enhance the effectiveness of coastal wetland protection and governance in Liaoning Province.
The intangible cultural heritage(ICH)of Zhoushan City embodies rich marine cultural genes, and examining its spatiotemporal evolution under the marine management framework holds significant practical implications. This study systematically reviews the typological structure, temporal evolution, and spatial distribution of 190 national, provincial, and municipal ICH items in Zhoushan. The results reveal that the ICH of Zhoushan predominantly emerged during two peak periods—the Tang-Song and Yuan-Ming-Qing dynasties—with notable historical stratification across districts and counties. Spatially, Putuo District and Dinghai District serve as core agglomeration areas, followed by Daishan County, while Shengsi County has the lowest number of ICH items. The natural and human factors influencing this spatiotemporal evolution include the island geographical environment, historical administrative changes, coastal defense policies, marine production modes, and tourism development. Based on the above spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms, this study proposes management implications such as zonal protection, differentiated revitalization, and the construction of thematic marine cultural management units, aiming to provide a reference for spatial optimization and policy formulation for island-based cultural heritage under the marine management framework.
Guided by the theoretical perspective of new quality productive forces, this study develops a three-dimensional “technology-factor-industry” framework and constructs a corresponding evaluation system for assessing marine economic competitiveness. Employing a comprehensive methodology, including the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, kernel density estimation, exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis(ESTDA), and the obstacle degree model, this study examines the development level, spatiotemporal evolution, and barrier factors of marine economic competitiveness across 11 coastal provinces(autonomous regions and centrally administered municipalities) in China from 2013 to 2021.The results indicate that: (1) Marine economic competitiveness has improved significantly overall, although pronounced gradient disparities persist among regions, forming a spatial pattern characterized by “the eastern region leading and the northern and southern regions diverging”.(2) Local indicators spatial autocorrelation(LISA) temporal paths indicate that the overall spatial correlation pattern remains relatively stable, whereas local path evolution is complex and exhibits strong path dependence; spatiotemporal transition analysis further shows that both medium-low and high competitiveness regions exhibit low probabilities of transition and decline, reflecting a “bipolar lock-in” phenomenon.(3) At the system level, barriers are ranked in descending order as industry, factors, and technology, with the effects of the main barrier factors remaining stable. This paper offers an analytical framework from the perspective of new quality productive forces for understanding the formation mechanism of marine economic competitiveness, aiming to provide policy implications for promoting the high-quality development of China's marine economy and coordinated regional development.
Macroalgae have efficient carbon sequestration capacity, and their carbon sink function is an important component of marine carbon sink fisheries. In recent years, the carbon sink of maricultured macroalgae in China has attracted considerable attention, particularly with the rapid development of modern marine ranching. Based on data from the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook, this study analyzes the current status of macroalgal cultivation in China during the period from 2013 to 2024, estimates spatiotemporal variations in amounts and composition of macroalgal carbon sink in key coastal provinces, discusses the challenges faced by macroalgal carbon sink in the context of global change, and proposes macroalgal carbon sink enhancement strategies. The results indicate that total amount of macroalgal production in China has steadily increased from 1.86×106 t/a in 2013 to 3.03×106 t/a in 2024, with an increase of 62.9%.Correspondingly, the carbon sequestration amount of cultivated macroalgae in China reached 1.93×105 t/a in 2024, with an increase of 65.0% compared with 1.17×105 t/a in 2013.In terms of carbon sequestration composition of major cultivated macroalgae from 2013 to 2024, the amount of Saccharina japonica accounted for the largest proportion with a value of 1.15×106 t, followed by Gracilaria(2.94×105 t) and Porphyra(1.78×105 t). Some differences in macroalgal carbon sequestration were observed among key coastal provinces nationwide. Global change-induced ocean warming, ocean acidification, and coastal eutrophication affect the carbon sequestration capacity of macroalgae. The following pathways, including macroalgal cultivation, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, offshore and deep-sea aquaculture, and artificial carbon sink enhancement technology, are expected to enhance macroalgal carbon sequestration capacity, promote the development of carbon sink fisheries in modern marine ranching, and contribute to the achievement of China's “dual carbon” goals.
Sponges are widely distributed across marine environments, serving as key architects of critical benthic habitats and playing vital roles in elemental cycling and energy flow within marine ecosystems. To identify the potentially suitable habitats of the four global sponge classes and their dominant environmental drivers, this study integrated occurrence records from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System(OBIS) and ten sets of benthic marine environmental datasets, and employed the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt) model to predict the global spatial distribution of suitable sponge habitats. The results revealed that water depth acted as the primary factor governing sponge spatial distribution; furthermore, distinct differentiation in the environmental drivers was observed shaping suitable habitats across different sponge classes. Suitable habitats for sponges were highly concentrated in coastal and marginal seas worldwide. The areas of potentially suitable habitats for each class are as follows: Calcarea(39.7×106 km2), Demospongiae(14.8×106 km2), Hexactinellida(72.8×106 km2), and Homoscleromorpha(7.28×106 km2). Collectively, only 16.72% of the global potentially suitable sponge habitats overlapped with the Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas(EBSAs), indicating insufficient conservation coverage for prime sponge habitats. The findings of this research can provide quantitative baseline data to support the delineation of global sponge conservation zones and the sustainable exploitation of marine resources.
