The development of ecological civilization is the main stream of China's current society,and the system of ecological compensation is one of the effective measures to protect ecological environments and address environmental pollution.By studying the foreign practice cases of ecological compensation and investigating domestic ecological compensation cases,this paper identifies three ecological compensation operation modes:government led,market led,and the joint of government and market.In particular,the paper analyses the enlightenment of foreign experience on the construction of ecological compensation mechanism in China from the sustainability of funds and the operation efficiency of ecological compensation.It is of great significance to promote the development and optimization of China's ecological compensation modes.
With the official implementation of the"Three Zones and Three Lines"achievements,township territorial space planning will become the key work in the next stage.By comparing the guidelines for the compilation of township territorial space planning issued by different provinces and analyzing the basic content framework of township territorial space planning,this paper takes the revision of the"Guidelines for the Compilation of Township Territorial Space Planning in Hunan"as an opportunity to sort out the compilation ideas for the next stage of township territorial space planning in response to various problems that occurred in the early implementation process,and explores and summarizes a comprehensive system of preparation and approval that conforms to the reality of Hunan at the administrative level,with a view to providing reference for the preparation and approval or the formulation and adjustment of township territorial space planning in other regions.
Fujian is a leading demonstration area for ecological civilization in China,and carbon emission reduction is an urgent need to push forward the"dual carbon"work to realize high-quality development.The study of carbon emission intensity of land use and its spatial correlation in Fujian can provide a basis for formulating low carbon land use strategies.For this purpose,this study divides Fujian into five regions:northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.The carbon emission intensity of the study area from 2005 to 2019 is calculated by using the carbon emission coefficient method,and the regional differences of carbon emission change are analyzed,and a gravity model is built to study the spatial correlation of carbon emissions in nine cities of Fujian.The results show that:net carbon emissions from land use in Fujian have been increasing year by year,and construction land is the main cause of carbon emissions.The order of changes in net carbon emissions from regional construction land from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,western Fujian,central Fujian,and southern Fujian,showing a gradually increasing trend from north to south.The order of changes in carbon emissions from farmland from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.The order of carbon absorption changes in forest land from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.There is a universal connection between carbon emissions in various cities,with Quanzhou as the core,and the carbon effect of other cities is gradually increasing.
The compensation system for ecological environment damage is an important part of the supplementary relief and comprehensive prevention mechanism for ecological damage.At present,China's ecological environment damage compensation is still in the exploratory stage,and there are still some problems in the process of practical operation,such as low efficiency in fulfilling ecological environment damage claims,difficulty in quantifying the loss value of ecological service functions,difficulty in implementing judicial confirmation of negotiation agreements,and the need for continuous improvement of the supervision mechanism of ecological environment damage claims.On the basis of analyzing the difficulties faced in the practice of compensation for ecological environment damage,this paper intends to improve the compensation system for ecological environment damage from the aspects of strengthening the construction of coordination mechanism and promoting the construction of technical support capacity,so as to achieve the purpose of better protecting the ecological environment.
In order to reduce the impact of natural disasters on the development and utilization of uninhabited islands,it is urgent to strengthen the risk management of natural disasters on islands.This paper analyses the risk management experience of foreign islands in responding to natural disasters and the disaster mechanism of the development and utilization of uninhabited islands,and puts forward the risk management and strategy of natural disasters in the development and utilization of uninhabited islands.The results show that foreign countries attach importance to the formulation of top-level action programs for disaster prevention and reduction,risk assessment and stakeholder participation in risk management.Natural disaster is a complex system composed of disaster environment,disaster-causing factors,disaster-bearing bodies and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.The development and utilization of these systems have changed the pure natural attributes of uninhabited islands and provided disaster-causing conditions.The development and utilization of uninhabited islands should pay attention to the whole process of natural disaster risk management before and after development.Before development,risk assessment,emergency plan and preliminary design should be carried out.After development,attention should be paid to the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management,strengthening the implementation and exercise of emergency plans,refining the risk management mechanism,improving the monitoring and early warning ability of island natural disasters,intensifying the important role of non-governmental institutions,promoting the construction of publicity and education system,and strengthening the restoration of damaged ecosystems.
《自然资源情报》(月刊)是由自然资源部主管、自然资源部信息中心主办的学术型期刊,期刊被中国学术期刊网络出版总库、中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、超星期刊域出版平台收录.
In this paper,literature metrology and inductive summary method are used to analyze and summarize the research progress of mine abandoned land at home and abroad,and the mining ecological restoration technology at home and abroad is compared and analyzed,which can provide reference for the research of mine ecological restoration in China.Taking mine ecological restoration and mine restoration technology as the subject words,this paper retrieves the number of published papers on mine ecological restoration at home and abroad in the past 20 years through WOS and CNKI,respectively.It is found that the number of papers published by the two themes has been increasing year by year,and the research papers related to ecological restoration account for a high proportion,a wide range and a long duration of heat.In addition to words such as ecological restoration,restoration,vegetation,the theme words also include words such as heavy metals,premeditation land reclamation,and biodiversity,indicating the gradual diversification of research on mine ecological restoration.After 2017,the number of domestic papers has increased year by year,showing a rapid growth trend.Among them,terms such as ecological restoration,ecological restoration technology,mine ecology,and abandoned mining land account for a relatively large proportion,indicating that China has invested a lot in mining ecology.To sum up,foreign countries focus on restoring the damaged land to the original ecology before it was destroyed,and the technology and concept are mainly to meet the ecological needs.China mainly focuses on cultivated land,and the restoration concept and technology are more inclined to agricultural land.Compared with foreign countries,there are little differences in technology,mainly in the restoration concept and demand.
At present,Chongqing has proposed to"enhance the six energy levels",and the demand for mining exploitation and mining land has been increasing year by year.However,the mechanism for obtaining,utilizing,and exiting mining land is not smooth,which restricts the development of Chongqing's mining economy.This paper adopts a combination of field research,literature analysis,economic analysis,and empirical analysis to sort out the characteristics of mining land and the policies and regulations related to mining land in Chongqing,and focuses on analyzing the prominent problems in mining land management in Chongqing,such as difficulty in operability of mining land,legal obstacles in mining land management methods,difficulty in connecting national spatial planning with mineral resource planning,and increasing contradictions in land acquisition.On the basis of that,suggestions for mining land management system are proposed.Temporary land can be used to meet the land demand in the main mining areas without permanent buildings/structures such as mining land and waste disposal sites(dumping sites);The land use for industrial squares should be in the form of construction land;Due to the shared nature of mining groups,mining enterprises are encouraged to invest in the construction and maintenance of rural roads,and to address relevant needs through a"one case,one discussion"approach.The relevant issues and suggestions put forward in this paper can provide reference for scientific decision-making of relevant government departments.
Soil pollution is one of the ecological and environmental problems that need to be solved urgently at present.In order to systematically understand the development trend of phytoremediation methods for soil pollution in China,this paper conducts a statistical analysis of patent literature on soil pollution phytoremediation technology from 2003 to 2022 based on CNKI patent database.The focus is on the development of phytoremediation technology patents,as well as the mechanism of microbial,chemical,biochar,genetic engineering and animal technologies to enhance phytoremediation,so as to provide reference for subsequent related research.
Land ecological security evaluation is the fundamental and core of rational planning,efficient utilization and ecological sustainable development of land resources.As a typical resource-exhausted city of Jiangsu,Xuzhou has prominent problems of ecological security,so it is of great practical significance to evaluate its land ecological security scientifically.This paper aims to establish an evaluation index system of land ecological security in Xuzhou,which is constructed from three levels of pressure,state and response,and adopts the comprehensive weighting method to calculate the weight of each index,so as to evaluate the land ecological security in Xuzhou from 2012 to 2021 more objectively and fairly.According to the evaluation results,the future development situation of land ecological security in Xuzhou from 2025 to 2030 is predicted.The results show that the comprehensive index of land ecological security in Xuzhou shows a zigzagging growth trend,and the security situation changes from a critical security state to a relatively safe one.It is predicted that the land ecological security level of Xuzhou will show a steady rising trend from 2025 to 2030,and its security state will change from a relatively safe level to a safe level.By mastering the land ecological security level of Xuzhou in recent 10 years,it can provide a better reference for the sustainable development of land resources in Xuzhou in future.
林地分等是自然资源资产化管理的重要信息维度.本文以广东省林地分等工作为例,运用多源数据融合、组合分析量化指标、Python语言批处理、试生产和试分等关键技术和方法,解决了数据异构、计算流程复杂、时间和人工成本高、精度难以保障等实际生产问题.广东省林地分等实践表明,省域范围内各等别林地面积占比整体呈正态分布,分等单元未出现明显跳等现象,等别过渡较平滑,为后续林地定级和基准地价制定提供重要依据.文章总结归纳的林地分等技术体系和关键技术已同步应用于广东省园地和草地分等工作,可为全国园地、林地、草地分等定级工作提供参考思路和借鉴案例.
目前,全国不动产登记数据库采用存量数据汇交、增量数据接入、一致性比对等方式,与全国各级不动产登记数据库实现数据同步.为解决存量数据汇交不及时、增量数据接入不规范、一致性比对差异数据补报周期长等难点问题,在深入研究与分析比对报文接入和数据库同步2种技术的基础上,本文探索建立全国不动产登记数据库与地方不动产登记数据库之间的数据库同步技术方法,提出了实时数据同步的设计方案和技术流程,探讨研究了涉及的关键技术,为全国各级不动产登记机构开展的地方不动产登记数据库与全国不动产登记数据库同步工作提供参考借鉴.
基于2006-2021年国务院公布的5批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录,本文以流域为空间单元,运用统计分析、最近邻距离及GIS空间分析等方法,探析国家级非物质文化遗产在不同流域的时空分布特征.结果表明:在类型构成上,国家级非物质文化遗产受不同流域内自然环境与人文环境的影响,存在典型的流域性差异;在空间分布上,国家级非物质文化遗产主要聚集于水源丰富、经济发达、人口聚集的区域,具有较高的流域相关性,多集中在4～6级河流附近;在时间分布上,不同时期的国家级非物质文化遗产空间分布与河网存在相关性,政权稳定时期呈现集聚性分布,反之呈现离散分布.
地质图是地质调查和地质成果公开展示的基础,标准地图是地质图件编制必不可少的参考底图.为了解决标准化地质制图中的地图投影、比例尺难统一与数据格式不一致问题,本文以中国1:1200万地质图标准化制图为例,运用ArcGIS和Adobe Illustrator软件,加工处理最匹配标准地图比例尺的地质图数据,确定了地质图和标准地图数据套合后边界平均偏移距离最小、要素匹配度最高的Albers投影最佳参数,并处理要素间的关系,实现了 2组地图数据的适配.在地质图标准化和规范化的基础上,编制了基于标准地图的地质图.本文基于标准地图的地质数据加工处理、整合、制图技术流程具有较强的适用性,为公开版标准化地质图件制作提供参考.
本文基于长时间序列的夜间灯光数据,使用统计数据比较法提取了大同市建成区,通过规模扩张指数、重心迁移模型、景观格局指数和相关性分析等方法对1992-2020年大同市时空扩张特征及扩张的影响因素展开分析.研究发现:在时间变化特征上,大同市建成区面积的净增量为101 km2,建成区的扩张强度在增大;在扩张模式上,大同市建成区空间上呈现以双核心集聚式和圈层式发展为主的扩张模式;在重心迁移方面,1992-2020年城市重心总体上向西北方向移动,2016-2020年城市重心呈现自东北向西南转移的趋势;在空间格局方面,大同市整体聚集性较强,具有空间格局紧凑性的特征,建成区占地形态趋于规则化、简单化.经济因素与大同市城市扩张的相关性最高.
"十四五"规划推动了新一代信息技术与农业生产经营深度融合,使得《数字农业农村发展规划(2019-2025年)》的加速贯彻执行需求更加迫切.地方不仅需要统筹构建农业农村大数据平台,还需加速思想理念的共建和政策机制的统一转变,为农业农村格局变化监测、农业农村规划格局调整、乡村振兴发展等提供有效的保障.本文提出省级整合性数字乡村平台搭建的探究方向、思路设计和关键功能模块,基于地理信息技术和地图构建农业农村空间数据库;建设浏览器/服务器模式和手机端的数据应用与展示;形成多个数字化应用场景,从农业产业、生态环境、文教与组织三大维度对农业农村数据进行挖掘和应用,为省级数字乡村平台建设提供借鉴和参考.
为切实提升不动产登记数据质量和共享查询服务能力,本文对省市县不动产登记数据一致性方法与信息平台建设进行研究.通过深入分析省市县不动产登记数据不一致的原因和存在的技术问题,提出数据一致性保障方法,并利用基于区块链的数据可信传输技术、基于哈希算法的数据一致性安全快速校验技术、面向多维度和跨层级的数据变化检测技术等关键技术,建设省市县不动产登记数据一致性信息平台,为省市县不动产登记数据一致性提供信息技术支撑.实践表明,该方法与信息平台对建立实时一致、权威可靠、准确规范的全省不动产登记数据库具有重要意义.
自然资源大数据作为新时期自然资源精细化、智能化管理的必备要素,需要一套完整的处理方法和配套的技术支撑工具,最终解决数据支撑的"瓶颈"问题.首先,本文提出了数据治理的实施路径;其次,说明了国土空间基础信息平台建设情况及数据治理与支撑工具的重要性;再次,阐述了大数据、机器学习、数据链、数据洞察技术在自然资源管理与监管决策中的应用实践;最后,总结了基于自然资源大数据建成的"智慧自然"应用成效,并提出了完善自然资源精细化管理的建议.
针对国内立体空间不动产确权登记的日益迫切需求,本文结合广州市权籍调查成果入库审查工作实际,提出面向二、三维一体化的不动产权籍数据库设计.数据库以三维产权体为基本管理单元,使用三维界址点、空间方位、投影坐标系等属性字段约束,在满足三维宗地、自然幢、房屋空间特征描述的同时,充分兼容存量二维权籍数据.通过构建三维权籍管理系统,验证该数据库设计在三维不动产单元参数化建模和可视化展示应用方面的有效性,对三维不动产确权登记发展具有重要意义.
从20世纪80年代开始,国内外古生物学者开始利用数据库管理系统(DBMS)存储、管理古生物化石数据,并对外提供开放共享服务.依托数据库存储的数据建立了地理可视化、生物多样性分析、定量地层比对等功能应用.本文选取国内外有代表性的古生物化石数据库,对其提供的数据共享、数据可视化、数据分析等功能进行了详细描述,并列举了以古生物化石数据库驱动的科学研究实例,提出了古生物化石数据库的建设发展趋势.
