After more than ten years, offshore wind power industry in China has got into a new stage of high-quality development. The economy has gradually improved to be affordable, floating wind power has been in the stage of engineering, and integrated development innovation has been flourished. Industrial policy system of offshore wind power has gradually been established and improved. A series of measures work together to promote the industrial clusters and guide the persistent and healthy development. The current policy framework was sorted in this research. The national and local government policy guidance was analyzed from the aspects of development planning, resource allocation, enterprise support, scientific research support, power system, financial services, etc. Aiming at the problems of industrial layout, organization mode, integration of industry and finance faced, policy suggestions were proposed, i.e., planning as a whole to the sites and industrial layout as well as corresponding policies, promoting the integration and coordination of the floating offshore wind industrial chain, and strengthening the guidance and innovation support of green finance.
CNOOC is the first "offshore special economic zone" and fully open "industrial sector" in China. 2022 witnessed the 40th anniversary of CNOOC. After 40 years, CNOOC has leaped from upstream to downstream, from shallow water to deep water, and from domestic to international. In the new era of energy transition, CNOOC is set to transform into a world-class green and low-carbon energy product and service provider in an all-round way.
New energy, also known as unconventional energy, refers to various forms of energy beyond traditional ones, including solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy, marine energy, etc. At present, countries around the world are accelerating to reduce carbon emissions, deploy renewable energy, and apply new technologies. Clean energy is continually becoming more and more critical in the world. The future demand for fossil energy is expected to gradually decrease, with the market share favoring clean energy like hydroelectric and other renewable energy. Significant investments are made in clean energy instead of traditional fossil energy. The energy issue is once again at the forefront of public attention.
China's refining and petrochemical industry has developed rapidly, with the quality of industry development improving rapidly. The scale of oil refining, ethylene, and PX ranks first in the world, and the quality of refined oil is among the world's leading levels. However, the industry's profitability is not strong enough, and there are still technological shortcomings, as well as defects in industry structure and product structure. Under the backdrop of the dual carbon goals, energy transition, electric revolution, and demand differentiation, China's refining and petrochemical industry will continue to exert efforts in energy conservation and consumption reduction, integrated development with new energy, promotion of oil conversion and the conversion of oil to special products, integration and upgrading of capacity, development of green hydrogen refining and CCUS, diversification of raw materials, circular economy, and other aspects to enhance industrial competitiveness.
On May 18-19, the inaugural China-Central Asia Summit was grandly held in the city of Xi'an. This event marked China's first major home-field diplomatic activity in 2023; it was also the first physical summit between the heads of China and five Central Asian countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations 31 years ago.
The "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) has been put forward for ten years, during which energy cooperation has always been a key focus. Driven by energy revolution and China's economic mode transition, energy cooperation has new characteristics of the era, that is, its quality is getting higher. Based on the goal of "high-quality energy cooperation", this paper discusses the achievements of energy cooperation among BRI countries over the past ten years, analyzes the existing issues, and focuses on the state, enterprises, financial institutions, and the society to achieve a comprehensive evolution of high-quality energy cooperation through multi-level collaboration.
In March of this year, the National Energy Administration issued the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Integrated Development of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development and New Energy (2023-2025)". The plan proposes to coordinate the promotion of oil and gas supply security and green development, with a clear focus on stabilizing oil, increasing gas, and improving the supply capacity of oil and gas resources as the foundation. It also aims to accelerate the industry's green and low-carbon transformation and strengthen the integrated development of oil and gas exploration and development with new energy as an important measure. This provides the latest policy support for oil and gas companies to further focus on their main business, improve their ability to guarantee oil and gas supply, and consolidate the foundation of national energy security. At the same time, it also helps to accelerate the development of green and low-carbon transformation and promote the realization of the "dual carbon" goal, thereby alleviating the anxiety of developing new energy business under the global energy transformation environment.
The statistics of the China Natural Gas Industry Prosperity Index showed that the China Natural Gas Industry Prosperity Index was 257.42 in the 1st quarter of 2023, up 4.7％ from the 4th quarter of 2022, a stably prosperous state in the short term and a very prosperous state in the medium to long term; the prosperity index of natural gas production companies was 353.73 in the 1st quarter of 2023, up 6.3％from the 4th quarter of 2022, an increasingly prosperous state in the short term and a very prosperous state in the medium to long term; the prosperity index of natural gas sales companies was 174.44 in the 1st quarter of 2023, up 3.3％from the 4th quarter of 2022, a recovery in the short term and a prosperous state in the medium to long term; the prosperity trend index of the natural gas industry in the coming year for the 1st quarter of 2023 was 462.27, up 6.9％ from the 4th quarter of 2022, a very prosperous state, indicating that natural gas industry experts are optimistic about the natural gas industry's prosperity trend in the coming year. See Fig. 1 and Table 1 for details.
Central Asia is situated in the heart of Eurasia, playing a central role in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. On the whole, Central Asia has abundant energy resources, with the national economic development of Central Asian countries mainly relying on energy production and exports, while energy supply and imports are crucial for ensuring China's economic development. Therefore, China-Central Asia energy cooperation is highly complementary. At present, the global energy pattern has entered a period of deep adjustment. Under the new situation, China-Central Asia energy cooperation will be followed by new development opportunities.
In 2022, facing the changing international oil market, China's oil industry maintained production, ensured supply, and stabilized prices, contributing to national oil security. Crude oil production increased for four consecutive years, while external crude oil dependence declined for two consecutive years. Affected by internal and external factors, supply and demand are weak in the refined oil market, with increased volatility. Both refined oil production and demand fell by 7.7％ year-on-year. In response to this impact, industry participants have controlled production pace and adjusted product structures to ensure stable industrial operation.
Nowadays, the carbon markets in the world have increasingly matured and carbon trading have flourished in China. In the framework of carbon trading, the carbon emission right has become a tradable special commodity, and it has financial feature and asset feature. Relying on the business entities, carbon assets management joins up the virtual carbon emission right, financial capital and real economy, restructures existing carbon resources of enterprises and impacts the current international economic pattern. At present, however, the carbon assets management systems and market rules of our country remains to be perfect. How to increase the efficiency of carbon asset management, how to further improve the carbon management, how to further improve the carbon asset management method and mechanism have become the common issue of China's academia and practice.
The global oil price fluctuated widely at a high level throughout 2022 due to the combined impact of limited investment growth in global upstream oil and gas,the increasing regional geopolitical risks of oil and gas driven by the Ukraine Crisis,and a slower global economic growth resulting from repeated COVID-19 outbreaks,which exerted a negative influence on the global oil and gas resource M&A market.The total number of global oil and gas resource M&A transactions in 2022 was only 215,down by 19％from 2021 and close to the lowest level in 20 years.
Urban gas is one of the main fields of natural gas consumption in China,accounting for more than half of the total natural gas consumption.Urban gas enterprises show a diversified development pattern and are gradually transforming to comprehensive energy service providers.In the future,under the background that the national natural gas consumption market will continue to grow,CO2 emission constraints,environmental protection requirements will promote the increase of urban gas consumption.It is expected that the urban gas consumption will reach 260 billion m3 in 2025,with an average annual growth rate of 7％.
This paper elaborates on the key points of the latest developments in methane emissions reduction policies in the European Union(EU)and the United States(U.S.)and makes a comparative analysis of their policy frameworks.There are similarities between the EU and the U.S.in terms of methane emissions reduction measures,but there are also significant differences.For instance,the EU has proposed requirements for fossil energy imports,placing greater emphasis on the role of international organizations.On the basis of comparative analysis,this paper presents insights for China from the perspectives of the target,policy,data,emission reduction path,utilization as energy,and international influence.
2022 has seen continuous release of energy policies.Influenced by changes in domestic and international situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic,the Ukraine crisis,the European energy crisis,the China-US game,and climate change,Chinese central government has attached great importance to energy security.The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Economic Work Conference made important instructions on the development of China's energy,which reflect the systematicness and synergy of China's energy security concept.A series of"14th Five-Year Plan"and medium to long-term special energy development plans have been successively issued.The"Dual-Carbon"1+N policy system has been basically established.The energy field is of paramount importance to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality;thus,reform and protection policies have been intensively released,and the construction of a national unified energy market has made great progress,making overall energy security and green development become the main policy themes.For oil and gas companies,opportunities outweigh challenges.They should follow the national policies,make good use of resource and technological advantages,continue to consolidate the main business of oil and gas production,develop emerging businesses and accelerate green,low-carbon transformation.
In 2022,China's natural gas industry had weak supply and demand,and for the first time in 40 years,the natural gas consumption experienced negative growth,with an apparent consumption of 366.3 billion m3,a year-on-year decrease of 1.7％.The production and reserves of domestic gas continued to increase,with a production of 216.9 billion m3,and an increase of over 10 billion m3 of production for six consecutive years.Imported natural gas had a significant decline for the first time,with imported pipeline gas and LNG totalling 148.5 billion m3 in 2022,a year-on-year decrease of 10.9％.In 2023,China's macroeconomics will continue to recover,and the low-carbonization development of clean energy under the dual-carbon strategy will promote rapid growth in the natural gas market.The demand increment and growth rate will be significantly higher than that in 2022,with an expected growth rate of 5.5％-6.8％.
The 41st CERAWeek was held in Houston from March 6th to 10th,2023.The theme of this CERAWeek was"Navigating a Turbulent World:Energy,Climate and Security".This was the first grand conference held offline in three years.
Carbon politics is quietly emerging,and countries around the world are divided into three categories.Western developed countries consuming clean energy are classified as the first category.Energy-importing developing countries are included in the second category,and resource-rich countries relying on fossil fuel export are sorted as the third category.Countries of the"three categories"have already and will continue to play games over"dual carbon"round after round.The goal of Western countries'carbon politics is to continue to lead the world,stay ahead,and use their advantage of low emission to extract carbon benefits.Energy-importing developing countries face threats and opportunities.Resource-rich countries are unable to tackle the situation without aggravating another problem.China should narrow its gap in the new energy industry with Western developed countries,continue to promote natural gas pipeline construction to ensure energy security,control the pace to realize the"dual carbon"goal,and strive for its own legitimate rights and interests.
The transformational development of the oil and gas industry is urgent in order to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.As the use of volatile renewable energy sources continues to grow in the new energy system,there is a need to systematically improve the flexibility of the energy system."Integration of energy,grid,load and storage"and comprehensive energy services is the way forward.Oil and gas enterprises need to strengthen their own transformational change to achieve the conversion of new kinetic energy.According to the characteristics of the oil and gas industry and the requirements of energy transition,improving energy efficiency,innovatively developing the natural gas industry,providing good energy services,promoting digitalization,and actively engaging in new energy fields such as hydrogen energy are important action points for the transformational development of the oil and gas industry.It is recommended that oil and gas enterprises"remain firmly grounded while setting their sights on the future",coordinate short-term and long-term strategies;actively reform to obtain greater development momentum in a market-oriented environment;innovate business models,and be user-centered for comprehensive energy development;increase technology input and be determined in new strategic directions.
Since the beginning of 2022,due to the combined effects of extreme weather,oil and gas geopolitical risks and other factors,the natural gas inventory in Europe has reached historic lows,so Europe is actively seeking to increase natural gas imports from around the world.Africa is relatively geographically close to Europe,enjoys rich natural gas resource endowment,and has made major discoveries in recent years,so it may have greater potential for increasing natural gas supply to Europe in the future.
