Background: Minimally invasive surgeries are increasingly central to modern medicine, particularly in liver transplantation. These techniques, which offer reduced trauma, precise operations, minimal bleeding, and swift recovery, are, however, unevenly adopted across China. Only a limited number of centers routinely perform minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, indicating a significant imbalance in the development and application of these advanced procedures. Additionally, there lacks a set of standardized guidelines that are tailored to meet China's unique healthcare challenges and conditions. Methods: In August 2023, the Branch of Organ Transplant of Chinese Medical Association and the Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association convened a group of national liver transplantation experts to establish a guideline development committee. This committee conducted a thorough review of relevant literature, evaluated existing guidelines and consensus, and assessed factors such as the evidence base, patient preferences, and the cost-effectiveness of interventions within China. After multiple rounds of discussions, both online and offline, the committee finalized the guidelines. Results: This collaborative effort led to the creation of the "Chinese guidelines for minimally invasive donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (2024 edition)". These guidelines address crucial aspects such as the safety and advantages of minimally invasive surgery for living donor liver transplantation, donor selection criteria, anesthesia strategies, surgical technical details, and learning curves associated with these procedures, resulting in a comprehensive set of 26 recommendations. Conclusions: The formulation of these guidelines represents a significant advancement towards standardizing minimally invasive liver transplantation surgeries in China. They are designed to enhance outcomes for both donors and recipients by synthesizing expert consensus with contemporary research and clinical practices. Moreover, they serve as a crucial reference for surgeons and medical institutions, promoting the refinement and adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques in liver transplantation.
Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of modified double-channel anastomosis for digestive tract reconstruction in Methodology: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study included a total of 21 patients with oesophagogastric junction cancer or proximal gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with modified double-channel anastomosis. After resection of the proximal stomach, the remaining stomach was shaped into a tube. The distal end of the oesophagus was anastomosed to the jejunum. The jejunum was anastomosed 10-15 cm from the oesophagojejunostomy site laterally to the anterior wall of the stomach 3 cm from the gastric remnant. General data including operative time, anastomosis time, intraoperative blood loss, time to oral intake, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Postoperative gastroscopy and gastrointestinal imaging were performed to assess the residual stomach motility and anti-reflux effect. Results: All twenty-one patients underwent modified double-channel anastomosis. The mean operation time was 254 (211 - 297) minutes. Mean reconstruction time was 65 (60 - 70) minutes. A mean of 19 (15 - 29) lymph nodes were cleared. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 86 (78.5-105ml). Mean time to oral intake was 6 (5 - 6.5) days. Postoperatively, there were two cases of pulmonary infection. There was no occurrence of anastomotic stenosis, anastomotic bleeding, or leakage. Gastrointestinal contrast study at 6 months postoperatively revealed reduced gastrointestinal motility in three cases and good residual gastric motility observed in the remaining patients. Gastroscopic examination at 6 months postoperatively revealed only one case of reflux oesophagitis. Conclusion: Modified double-channel anastomosis for proximal gastrectomy is safe and feasible. It provides a good anti-reflux effect and gastric emptying function without increasing the risk of postoperative complications.
Morbid obesity and its accompanying diseases have become one of the most serious public health problems warranting global effort and bariatric and metabolic surgery is still the most effective method for long-term weight control. Among all bariatric and metabolic procedures, sleeve gastrectomy is currently the most widely used, but it is not a perfect procedure. One of the most serious issues that this surgical procedure faces is the possibility of worsening existing or developing de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease after surgery. Moreover, there is currently a lack of high-level clinical trial evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Therefore, initiated by four domestic bariatric and metabolic surgery centers, 41 experts with rich experience in bariatric and metabolic surgery and diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease from China, Japan, and South Korea reached a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in sleeve gastrectomy patients using the Delphi method. There are a total of 59 consultation questions in this consensus, of which 44 have reached a consensus. We hope that this consensus can not only serve as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also provide more possible directions for future high-quality clinical research.
In the 21st century,surgery has entered the 4.0 era,also known as the era of surgical intelligence.As technology continues to improve and advance,robotic surgery has become an important direction of development in the field of minimally invasive surgery.With significant technical advantages such as high-definition 3D stereoscopic vision and the elimination of physiological tremors,robotic surgery is increasingly being applied in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery,gradually becoming the primary surgical approach in this domain.Compared to traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgical techniques,robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery demonstrates notable advantages in terms of precision and safety.It not only reduces intraoperative blood loss but also shortens postoperative hospitalization,thereby accelerating patient recovery.The authors'center is one of the largest robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery centers in the world.Since 2011,it has pioneered robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and successfully performed nearly 10 000 cases,gaining a wealth of surgical experience.During this period,the authors'team established a complete robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery system.This article summarizes the latest research developments in the field of robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery at home and abroad,combining the rich clinical experience of the authors'center,to provide an in-depth review of the progress and and emerging surgical techniques in robotic pancreatic surgery,liver surgery,and biliary surgery,and also offer an outlook on future trends in robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.
本刊编辑部发现仍有个别作者一稿两投和一稿两用,为了维护本刊的声誉和广大读者的利益,本刊就一稿两投和一稿两用问题的处理声明如下. 1.一稿两投和一稿两用的认定:凡属原始研究的报告,同语种一式两份投寄不同的杂志,或主要数据和图表相同、只是文字表述可能存在某些不同之处的两篇文稿,分别投寄不同的杂志,属一稿两投;一经为两杂志刊用,则为一稿两用.
Objective:To compare the aortic remodeling of the Fabulous stent system and standard thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) on distal aorta type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Methods:The prospective data collected between Dec 2017 and Oct 2019 from 134 patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) who underwent treatment with the "Fabulous" stent system, and retrospective data from 159 TBAD patients receiving standard TEVAR from corresponding multicenter. By using propensity score matching analysis, we compared the prognosis and aortic remodeling outcomes in patients undergoing Fabulous and standard TEVAR treatments during a 1-year postoperative follow-up.Results:In this study, 62 patients in Fabulous group and 62 patients in standard TEVAR were included.There were no significant statistical differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. In terms of aortic remodeling in bare stent region, Fabulous group had better change trends of diameter of true lumen [10.6 (4.4, 14.5) mm vs. 4.7 (0.9, 10.7) mm, P=0.001] and false lumen [-24.2 (-30.5, -4.9) mm vs. 0.7 (-11.8, 2.3) mm, P<0.001] than those in the standard TEVAR group. The rate of complete false lumen thrombosis was also higher in the Fabulous group (62.9% vs. 37.1%, P=0.042). Conclusion:The Fabulous stent system, when compared to standard TEVAR surgery, demonstrates good aortic remodeling outcomes in the distal aorta.
Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is an effective,minimally invasive method for tumor treatment. It can be applied to the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in combination with the implementation of biliary stent/external biliary drainage or with systemic treatments, including chemotherapy. In addition, it is a primary application in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma as well as an adjuvant treatment of residual postoperatively or locally recurrent tumors. It can control local tumor progression effectively,relieve biliary obstruction,improve quality of life, and prolong survival,with the advantages of being minimally invasive,precise and repeatable. To date, evidence-based clinical medicine for the application of PDT to treat cholangiocarcinoma has been limited,and there has been a lack of clinical specifications and consensus regarding the technique. Based on this,Group of Operative Surgery,Branch of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association, Group of Biliary Surgery, Branch of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Committee of Biliary Surgeons organized experts to discuss indications, contraindications, technical protocol, evaluation of efficacy, and management of complications when using PDT to treat cholangiocarcinoma. The consensus aims to provide a reference for promoting the clinical application of PDT in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Objective:To investigate the perioperative alterations and management of coagulation function in patients of massive blood transfusion during retroperitoneal tumor (RT)resection.Methods:Fourty-seven RT patients at Peking University International Hospital from Jan 2016 to Dec 2021 undergoing resection with massive blood transfusion more than 20 U within 24 h were reviewed for coagulation function before and after surgery.Results:Intraoperative bleeding was 3 000-25 800 ml, 10 patients had blood loss ≥10 000 ml. During the operation, (25.3±9.9) U of red blood cells were transfused, (2 720±1 369) ml plasma transfused, and (2.4±3.3) U platelets were transfused in 6 patients. Fourty-five patients received intraoperative albumin of (79.5±46.5) g; All 47 patients received fibrinogen of (2.3±1.3) g; Prothrombin complex was given in 45 patients (1 205±807) U. Preoperative hemoglobin was statistically different compared to postoperatively and days 1, 3 and 5 ( W=1 790, P<0.001; W=1 672, P<0.001; W=1 704, P<0.001; W=1 486, P=0.004);As with platelets, the difference was also statistically significant compared to postoperative days 1, 3, and 5 ( W=2 153, P<0.001; W=2 092, P<0.001; W=1 732, P<0.001); Preoperative albumin was different compared to postoperative days 1 and 3 ( W=1 568, P<0.001; W=1 578, P<0.001,); Preoperative fibrinogen was different compared to postoperative day 1 ( W=1 964, P<0.001). PT and APTT were prolonged on postoperative days 1 and 3 ( W=628, P<0.001, W=804, P=0.023) ( W=661, P<0.001, W=796, P=0.02). Patient's preoperative fibrin degradation products and D-dimer were above the normal value and were higher on postoperative days 3 and 5 ( W=498, P<0.001, W=345, P<0.001). Conclusions:Coagulation disorders occur perioperatively in patients with massive transfusion while undergoing surgery for RT.The implementation of ratiional transfusion strategy and close postoperative survey and management of coagulation dysfunction help avoid the coagulation related morbidities.
对苏州大学附属第一医院普通外科2012年1月至2022年12月期间诊断Petersen疝并行手术治疗的11例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男9例，女2例，发病年龄48~75岁，2例为外院行开腹胃癌根治术，9例为本院行胃癌根治术，其中5例为开腹手术，4例为腹腔镜手术；8例为全胃切除术，2例为远端胃次全切除术，重建方式均为Roux-en-Y吻合，1例为近端胃次全切除术，重建方式为双通道吻合；发生Petersen疝时距离接受胃癌手术的时间为10 d~45.8个月，中位时间12.5个月，Petersen疝术后住院天数4~19 d，手术时间为55~209 min，中位时间为105 min，1例死亡，10例好转。本研究显示Petersen疝是胃癌术后少见并发症，不能自愈，需尽早诊断和手术治疗。
近年来手术技术的进步使得直肠癌根治术后的复发率明显下降，但仍有2.4%~10.0%的直肠癌患者存在手术后局部复发，即局部复发直肠癌（LRRC）。全盆腔脏器切除术是唯一可能治愈LRRC的方法。近10年来，伴随着多学科综合治疗协作组会诊制度的普及和医学影像学及外科技术的巨大进步，LRRC的治疗模式发生了重大的改变。充分准确的术前评估、个体化的术式选择显著地降低了患者的术后并发症发生率，多学科模式下合理的新辅助放化疗+充分的手术切除范围提高了R 0切除率，让LRRC患者获得了更好的预后。此外，更科学的术后护理提高了患者术后生活质量。本文对近些年LRRC治疗上取得的新进展进行了总结。
3年前，我曾在本刊发表了“我国腹膜后肿瘤外科治疗的新机遇”一文，在回顾欧美国家及我国腹膜后肿瘤外科发展历史基础上，讨论了腹膜后肿瘤这一群疾病的全球性挑战及我国的机遇。近年来国内腹膜后肿瘤研究，尤其是基础研究方面取得了长足的进步，但我们还要看到在该领域国内所面临的挑战仍然突出，同道们仍任重而道远。
患者女，54岁，因“发现颈前肿物3个月”入院。查体：甲状腺左叶及峡部可触及质硬肿物，大小约4 cm，边界尚清，无压痛，随吞咽上下活动。左颈部可触及多枚肿大淋巴结，较大者约2 cm，界清，活动可。颈部超声示：甲状腺左叶显示1个低回声实性肿块，边界不清，内部回声不均匀，内伴斑片状及点状强回声反射，彩色多普勒血流显像可见点状血流信号，TI-RADS 5类；左颈Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区淋巴结肿大。颈部CT检查示：甲状腺左叶及峡部显示1个不规则肿块，边界不清，密度不均匀，平扫CT值约51 HU，增强扫描呈轻度强化，三期CT值分别约为：53、73、66 HU，病灶侵及气管左前壁，部分突入气管腔内，考虑恶性（图1A）；左颈Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区多发肿大淋巴结，增强扫描呈环状强化，考虑转移（图1B）。术中见肿瘤位于甲状腺左叶及峡部，侵犯总气管第一环，并突入气管腔内，肿瘤与带状肌、环甲肌粘连；左颈Ⅱ~Ⅵ区数枚肿大淋巴结，囊实性，质中，界清。行全甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴结清扫、左颈部淋巴结清扫+气管部分切除并气管造口术。术后病理检查示：甲状腺恶性肿瘤。免疫组化检查结果：Vimentin（少数+），Ki67（约80%+），Desmin（+），ERG（+/-），S-100（-），SMA（+），TNI-1（+），Myogenin（+），CD34（部分+），MyoD1（+），特殊染色结果：网状纤维染色（示纤维不连续），符合横纹肌肉瘤（图2、3）。送检淋巴结转移性肿瘤：甲状腺周4/4，左颈Ⅱ区1/1，左颈Ⅲ区1/6，喉返神经入喉处1/1。术后分期：T4bN1bM0 ⅣB期。术后给予局部6MV-X线放疗，共计放疗剂量：600 Gy/30次/42 d。FP方案（顺铂+氟尿嘧啶）同步化疗2周期，共计：顺铂90 mg×2，氟尿嘧啶2.5 g×2。因合并频发室性早搏，更换为MID方案（美司钠+异环磷酰胺+达卡巴嗪）化疗4周期，共计异环磷酰胺10 g×4，达卡巴嗪900 mg×4，美司钠0.4 g×3次/d×5×4。随访52个月，未见复发及转移。
Objective:To investigate the risk factors associated with post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) within 2 years after the first diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities.Methods:The clinical data and 2-year follow-up data of 260 patients who were first diagnosed with DVT at our department from Jan 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.By Villalta score, the patients were divided into non-PTS group, mild PTS group and moderate-severe PTS group. Ordered multiple classification logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the development of PTS.Results:The incidence of mild and moderate-severe PTS was 22.7% and 15.8%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that recurrence history of DVT ( OR=4.754, 95% CI 1.84-12.01, P=0.001), duration of oral anticoagulation treatment ≤6 months (0-3 months: OR=7.791, 95% CI 1.79-33.90, P=0.006; 4-6 months: OR=4.242, 95% CI 1.13-15.99, P=0.033), time length of stretch sock wearing≤ 12 months (0-6 months: OR=9.708, 95% CI 1.81-52.14, P=0.008; 7-12 months: OR=4.899, 95% CI 1.42-16.88, P=0.012) and exercise frequency ≤4 times/week (1-2 times/week: OR=7.691, 95% CI 1.92-30.72, P=0.004; 3-4 times/week: OR=4.284, 95% CI 1.33-13.80, P=0.015) were risk factors for PTS. Catheterized thrombolytic therapy ( OR=0.436, 95% CI 0.20-0.96, P=0.039) and low body mass index (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2: OR=0.142, 95% CI 0.02-0.81, P=0.028), central thrombus ( OR=0.322, 95% CI 0.15-0.72, P=0.005) and peripheral thrombus ( OR=0.020, 95% CI 0.01-0.07, P<0.001) were protective factors for PTS. Conclusions:Patients with DVT have a high risk of developing PTS within 2 years. Catheter-directed thrombolysis, no history of recurrence of DVT, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m 2), central or peripheral thrombosis, long-term oral anticoagulant therapy (≥7 months), longer wearing time of elastic socks (≥1 year), and higher exercise frequency (≥ 5-6 times/week) can be conducive to the reduction of incidence and severity of PTS.
Objective:To summarize the clinicopathologic features and clinical diagnosis and treatment experience of retroperitoneal paraganglioma.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 39 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 1 Oct 2012 to 1 Oct 2022 for retroperitoneal paragangliomas undergoing resection.Results:There were 19 males and 20 females with tumor being functional in 11 cases (28%) and non-functional in 28 cases (72%). CT angiography showed that the tumors were distributed around the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava in most cases. All 39 patients underwent tumor rescetion.Patients in laparoscopic group had shorter operation time and postoperative hospital saty compared with open sugery [(135±66)min vs. (194±67)min, t=-2.529, P=0.016; (6.6±2.2)d vs.(9.6±4.8)d, t=-2.096, P=0.043], while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss [(152±151)ml vs. (361±608)ml, t=-1.169, P=0.250]. There were no major postoperative complications in the laparoscopic group, and pulmonary infection in 1 case and intestinal obstruction in 1 case in the open group. Thrity-six cases were followed up, ranging from 2 to 115 months, 1 patient in the laparoscopic group died 1 year after surgery due to recurrence and metastasis. In the open group, 1 case recurred 2 years later and was discharged after the second operation, and 1 case died of recurrence 2 years after surgery. Conclusions:Surgery is indicated for retroperitoneal paraganglioma. Adequate perioperative management is the key to the success of the operation. Laparoscopic surgery is superior to open surgery in terms of operation time and postoperative recovery .
本研究回顾性分析43例伴纤细胰管并运用改良双荷包胰肠吻合方式完成腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术胰肠吻合患者的临床资料，探讨术后胰瘘发生率及胰肠吻合耗时等，结果表明改良双荷包缝合法胰肠吻合方式没有增加胰肠吻合的时间及术后胰瘘发生的概率，是安全可行的。
Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of using bio-artificial dura mater to wrap around skeletonized hepatic artery during pancreatoduodenectomy in the prevention of gastroduodenal artery(GDA)stump related delayed bleeding.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 45 patients undergoing the bio-artificial dura mater wrapping skeletonized hepatic artery during pancreatoduodenectomy from Oct 2022 to Apr 2023 at Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.Results:Among the 45 patients, the bio-artificial dura mater was used to completely wrap the GDA stump and part of the common hepatic artery and the proper hepatic artery. The mean operative time was (308.1±93.1) min, the mean wrapping artery time was (18.7±7.5) min. Clinically relevant postoperative grade B pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) occurred in 6 cases (13.3%), and intra-abdominal infection in 2 cases (4.4%).The rate of bile leakage was 2.2%.There were no second surgical operation, nor perioperative death. Postoperative delayed bleeding occurred in one case (2.2%) on the right hepatic artery branch near the hepatic portal. No pseudoaneurysm formation, nor bleeding occurring in any of the arteries wrapped by bio-artificial dura mater (including the GDA stump) after PD. There were no postoperative hepatic artery wrapping complications, such as hepatic artery stenosis, mesh-associated fluid accumulation and infection.Conclusion:Bio-artificial dura mater wrapping skeletonized hepatic artery technique in the process of pancreaticoduodenectomy can reduce the risk of delayed bleeding due to erosion of GDA stumps in case of post-PD pancreatic fistula.
患者男，42岁，因“突发背部及腹部疼痛不适9 h”入院。CTA示：B型主动脉夹层（图1）。1周后在全身麻醉下行胸主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术。沿左侧股动脉入路送入猪尾导管，沿途逐段造影明确位于真腔，将猪尾导管送至升主动脉（图2A），交换8F长鞘至主动脉弓部。沿长鞘送入抓捕器捕获左侧肱动脉泥鳅导丝经左股动脉鞘管引出建立导丝轨道，沿长鞘送入超硬导丝至升主动脉。沿左侧股动脉入路导入单内嵌分支覆膜支架（34-28-200 mm），紧贴左颈总动脉远心端释放，完全释放后回撤输送系统至支架下端。此时DSA透视下见支架逐渐向远端移动（图2B），支架下端移位至第一腰椎水平后支架固定。左侧肱动脉入路引入导管造影示：支架内血流淤滞，支架远端不显影，考虑术中主动脉内膜脱套堆积于支架下端，堵塞腹主动脉及内脏动脉（图2C）。与家属沟通后决定中转开腹，采用腹部正中切口，腹腔探查见肠管及肝脏颜色暗淡。将小肠推向右侧，打开后腹膜，显露腹主动脉，离断左肾静脉，游离肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉，分别套带控制。将肾动脉上方、下方腹主动脉套带控制，阻断腹主动脉及双侧肾动脉后，于腹主动脉前壁纵行切口约5 cm，可见内膜堆积，近端内膜向远心端折返，将内膜小心剥离，6-0滑线固定远心端内膜，4-0滑线缝合腹主动脉前壁切口，开放腹主动脉及双侧肾动脉，见腹主动脉及双侧肾动脉搏动良好。检查剥脱内膜长度约20 cm，其上可见腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉开口（图2D）。沿左肱动脉入路引入导管至支架内造影，可见：支架内及腹主动脉血流通畅，腹腔干未见显影，肠系膜上动脉显影，但支架下端覆盖肠系膜上动脉开口，双侧肾动脉显影良好。于小肠系膜游离显露肠系膜上动脉，直视下逆行穿刺肠系膜上动脉，置入鞘管，将导丝沿鞘管送至腹主动脉建立通路，沿导丝送入8 mm×80 mm自膨式裸支架，精确定位后于肠系膜上动脉开口处释放。再次造影见：腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉显影良好。重建左肾静脉。术后给予禁饮食、抗感染、抗凝、补液等治疗，患者康复出院。术后6个月复查CTA：主动脉及支架内血流通畅，锁骨下动脉远心端残留少量内膜组织，腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉显影良好。
Objective:To explore the necessity of salvage surgery after endoscopic resection of early rectal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 62 patients who underwent salvage surgery for early rectal cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from Jan 2012 to Dec 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Six cases (10%) had residual tumors, 8 cases (13%) had lymph node metastasis and one case (2%) had cancer nodules; The operation time was (178±82) mins; 1 case (2%) developed anastomotic lerakage, which was cured; 2 cases (3%) developed intestinal obstruction, of which 1 case (2%) relieved on conservative management and 1 case (2%) underwent reoperation.Conclusion:It is necessary to perform salvage surgery for early rectal cancer patients with residual caner and risk factors of lymph node metastasis after endoscopic therapy.
Objective:To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods and curative effect of retroperitoneal ganglioneuromaMethods:The clinical data of 32 cases of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma admitted to Peking University International Hospital from Apr 2015 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical characteristics, surgical efficacy and prognosis were discussed.Results:Of the 32 patients with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, 17 had no obvious clinical symptoms, 7 complained abdominal distension and pain, 6 had lower back pain, and 2 had abdominal mass. Tumors were located near the adrenal and renal regions in 18 cases, on both sides of the spine below the kidneys in 11 cases, and in the pelvis in 3 cases. tumors were single in 28 cases, multiple in 4 cases.Tumors were surrounded by major blood vessels in 12 cases. R 0 or R 1 resection was carried out in 27 cases, and palliative R 2 resection in 5 cases, combined organ resection in 6 cases, and piecemed resection in 8 cases. The maximum tumor diameter was (13.2±4.9)cm, the intraoperative blood loss was 500 (50-6 000 ml), and 6 cases suffered from major postoperative complications. Between patients with tumors encircling and encroaching major blood vessels or not, there were significant differences in age, intraoperative blood loss, R 2 resection rate, and pieceneal resection rate between the two groups ( t=2.44, P=0.021; Z=2.37, P=0.018; χ2=4.57, P=0.033; χ2=11.38, P=0.001). There was no recurrence in patients with R 0 or R 1 resection. Conclusions:The prognosis of complete resection of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is good .Major blood vessels encroachment of the tumor often leads to incomplente (R 2) resection.
