Traffic congestion has become a bottleneck problem restricting the high-quality development of mega cities like Beijing. At present, the main challenges faced in terms of development of urban transportation in Beijing include the following aspects: the separation of employment and housing is serious, thus forming large-scale tidal traffic; the efficiency gap of the transportation system is relatively large; with a relatively low sharing rate of public transport, the level of green transport needs to be improved; and the end traffic service level is low. One of the main causes of urban traffic congestion in Beijing is the unreasonable mode of urban land use and the serious disconnection between the traffic system and land use. Therefore, great efforts should be made to optimize land use, and promote the deep integration of urban land use and transportation system based on the concept of TOD. At the macro level, the urban agglomeration on the track should be built by relying on the rail transit corridor. At the meso level, the urban agglomeration can be built with the comprehensive transport hub or rail station cluster as the core so that the spatial layout, functional structure and development intensity of the metropolitan area and central urban area will be optimized and the problem of excessive urban congestion and urban function concentration solved. At the micro level, the 5-10-15 minute life circle can be built with the rail station as the core. Thus, with the above basic unit of urban planning and design of eco-city and green transport, the paper puts forward optimal allocation scheme to improve the TOD life circle life service facilities.
通过梳理《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的文本脉络,探析青年马克思的四重批判思想,有助于展现马克思主义丰富的理论内涵.资本—社会批判是马克思哲学理论体系的发轫和奠基;劳动—生活批判立足于劳动的异化,建构其理论体系"生存论"的批判境域;技术—工业批判通过剖析技术与资本融合互动过程中人类社会生活关系的全面展开,构成了青年马克思思想体系的关键环节;自然—生态批判深入揭示社会与自然的矛盾根源,阐明了人类与自然和谐统一的未来图景.这四重批判源自马克思哲学的实践性特质与深刻的问题意识,通过对人的现实生存境遇的批判和对人的未来解放状态的展望,凸显了马克思哲学的人文关怀与价值论主旨.
根据2022年新修订的《反垄断法》,违反《反垄断法》且构成犯罪的行为人将被追究刑事责任,这对我国反垄断刑事责任制度的构建具有重要意义.构建以垄断行为有限入罪为核心的反垄断刑事责任制度存在必要性与合理性.甄别各类垄断行为社会危害性的差异后可见,垄断行为有限入罪的适用范围应当包括横向垄断协议和滥用市场支配地位.在垄断犯罪的犯罪构成要件中,犯罪客体是社会主义市场经济秩序中的公平竞争关系;危害结果包括重大经济损害和反垄断损害;犯罪主体包括自然人和单位;犯罪主观方面是行为人明知所实施的垄断行为具有排斥市场公平竞争、损害消费者福利等危害结果,并希望这种危害结果发生的直接故意.在立法模式上,应采用法典模式,以契合我国的立法传统并实现反垄断刑事处罚与反垄断行政处罚的合理衔接.
经济学文献通常分别考察创新和分工在经济增长中的作用,但创新与分工两个概念(特别是杨格逐步发展的产业间分工)之间存在紧密的逻辑联系.本文在分析熊彼特创新与杨格产业间分工概念的逻辑联系基础上,说明罗默在其内生增长模型中按照杨格的思想,较为模糊地把创新与产业间分工联系在一起解释报酬递增.罗默的模型把资本分解为一系列生产耐用品,从而可以用新产品创新导致产业间分工的发展来解释经济增长的微观机制.杨小凯更注重通过数学化斯密的分工概念来解释经济增长,未能充分认识创新和逐步发展的产业间分工对报酬递增的重要作用.这两个模型都陷入用数学模型解释复杂经济机制面临的困境,难以深刻揭示创新与分工推动经济增长的内在机制,而新近发展的新演化经济学能够给出更好的解释.
以我国交通运输行业为研究对象,采用"自下而上"法和"自上而下"法分别测算2050年我国交通运输行业四种主要情景可实现的减碳水平.研究显示:运输结构调整优化、电动卡车规模化和能源结构优化均可有效降低2050年我国交通运输行业碳排放,运输结构优化调整的边际减排效果最佳且呈现先快后慢的趋势,而电动卡车规模化对碳减排贡献率呈现先慢后快的趋势.因此,需要不断优化运输结构,加快能源结构优化步伐,推进电动卡车技术应用和推动公路电气化,以实现碳中和战略下我国交通运输行业碳减排目标.
铁路押汇是近代中国新式金融业与铁路运输业合流的产物.清末铁路押汇脱胎于明清时期长途贸易中的押汇,并以铁路转运公司为媒介来运作.北洋政府时期,铁路押汇因新式银行业的改造而升级,并在长三角迅速崛起.但因受制于铁路运输制度的局限及金融发展水平,难以普及至全国.直到南京国民政府时期,铁路押汇渐普及于北方内陆地区.20世纪30年代以来,铁路押汇的发展在促进了北方地区棉业的同时,也因难以消化其所带来了的外部市场风险而遭遇重创.揭示铁路押汇的发展史,既利于展现近代中国物流金融业曲折发展的缩影,又可为当代物流金融业发展提供资鉴.
随着铁路市场化改革的不断深入,铁路运输企业之间的互联互通将越来越普遍,联合运输带来的收入清算问题日益凸显.立足铁路行业层面,从现行行业清算政策制定主体、清算模式、清算规则、清算机构及相关配套保障等方面来看,当前,铁路行业运输收入清算存在的主要问题是:行业清算规则制定主体的合规性不足,部分清算项目的设置与行业现状不符.优化铁路行业运输收入清算机制,需要国家相关行政管理部门进一步明确铁路行业清算政策(规则)的制定主体;确定清算模式;修改现行清算办法,形成符合行业现状的清算规则;成立独立的清算平台/公司.
交通运输与信息能力是人类在进化与发展的不同阶段,在相应时空尺度及约束条件下改善自身物信关系与结构,在距离可及性上实现趋利避害的基础性功能.人类是大自然的产物,人类目前已高度发达的交通与信息能力,其实只是在生命进化早期形成实体移动和信息处理可及性本能基础之上的扩展.早期人类位移与交往的进步主要属于生物进化的范畴,但两足行走和超强的信息能力使其在所有生物中脱颖而出;文字和认知经验在农牧社会中发挥的作用得到极大攀升,人类越来越多驯化畜力、改善车船并兴建基础设施;而工业革命以来的交通与信息能力则更多依赖于矿石能源、科技与组织水平的提升.极大受益于科技革命的交通通讯进步,不能违反人类在生物进化阶段所形成的相关基础性本能.同时,我们仍需敬畏所有已经了解以及尚待认知的自然规律,并在面临又一次重大阶段性转换的关键时刻避免因无知而犯错误.基于进化视角的人类通史特别是文明"史前史"研究提供了一种新视界.
城市交通审美文化是城市文化系统的重要组成部分,既具有一般审美文化的属性和价值,也具有其特质和功能.在人们对城市生产和生活质量新需求的背景下,不仅应当更加重视城市交通的安全、便捷效能,而且应当高度重视城市交通的审美文化功能.因此,在深度认知城市交通审美文化传播的丰厚内涵及重要表征的基础上,把握城市交通审美文化传播的生成机理与技术方法,构造有内涵、有品位、有特色的城市交通文化传播景观,不仅是建构城市文化传播新体系的必然选择,而且是突破"千城一面"城市模式的有效之策.
物流减贫效率的提升是乡村振兴战略下物流业发展面临的现实需求.本文基于2013-2020年我国19个欠发达省份的面板数据,通过改进主成分分析法确定物流减贫效率评价指标,利用超效率SBM模型评估减贫效率并对样本进行分类,随后构建时空地理加权模型,获取物流减贫效率外部影响因素.结果表明:在物流减贫效率分解方面,各欠发达省份差异显著,分属于成长型、潜力型、需求不足型和能力不足型四种类型.成长型欠发达省份受人力资本、信息开放程度影响较大,潜力型欠发达省份受物流规模、区域政策、信息开放程度影响较大,需求不足型与能力不足型欠发达省份除了受物流规模与物流技术影响外,分别受区域政策、信息开放程度影响较大.因此,结合不同类型欠发达省份特征提出不同的发展策略:成长型欠发达省份应积极推动教育与物流相结合;潜力型欠发达省份应持续关注物流投资规模的影响;需求不足型欠发达省份需正视物流先导性未有效体现所带来的短期性物流减贫效率低下;能力不足型欠发达省份应推进现代物流网络体系建设,发挥其在物流信息交流、物流技术沟通、物流经济协作等方面的引领作用.
政府和社会资本合作模式的应用越来越广.然而,并不是所有的项目都适合采用PPP模式,出现了PPP模式的滥用.为了判断项目的PPP模式适用性,本文提出GOD(Goods-Operation-Delivery)分析方法,把PPP模式适用性问题简化为三个步骤及三项判断准则:首先,以公共产品理论为基础,根据项目产出的属性识别出无需采用PPP模式的项目;其次,以公共权力理论为基础,根据项目运行的属性识别出不能采用PPP模式的项目;最后,基于比较优势理念,根据项目交付模式的效率确定是否优先采用PPP模式.为了演示GOD分析的应用,本文对智慧城市建设项目的PPP模式适用性进行了演示性分析,结果表明GOD分析可以较好地分析项目的PPP适用性.
党的十八大以来,随着我国社会主要矛盾发生转变,如何推进新时代共同富裕成为亟待解决的重要课题.学术理论界围绕"新时代共同富裕"的科学内涵、生成逻辑、现实挑战、实现路径、测度方法等方面进行了全面深入研究并取得了丰硕成果.但也存在对重点区域的针对性研究不足、研究方法比较单一、研究内容不够全面、缺乏学科交叉研究等问题.在未来的研究中应加强重点区域、量化测度、精神生活共同富裕、多学科交叉等方面的研究,以促进共同富裕的相关研究向纵深发展.
突发公共卫生网络舆情往往贯穿事件全过程.事件本身的衍生性、多样性特点与网络空间匿名性、泛在性特征叠加,极易引发网络舆情危机.突发公共卫生事件网络舆情危机具有广泛的社会危害,导致民众恐慌、引致次生舆论灾害,还可能诱发群体性事件.舆情治理的难点和症结体现在健康教育、主流意识形态维护、网络监管和政府公信力维护等方面.从生成动因来看,社会矛盾和现实风险为舆情危机提供了根本动因,事件走向和主体行为为舆情危机提供了直接动因,新媒体平台的快速发展则为舆情危机提供了放大效应.为消解舆情危机,维护网络晴朗健康,应优化舆情监测预警、完善舆情回应引导、健全舆情应急处置机制和信息公开制度,构建突发公共卫生事件网络舆情的长效治理机制.
The urban-rural integration is a historical process. Through the contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations, Marx and Engels revealed the root of the opposition between urban and rural areas, and clearly pointed out that the integration of urban and rural areas is the ultimate trend of urban and rural development. In the context of Marxism, urban-rural integration can be described as bridging the gap between urban and rural areas on the basis of eliminating private ownership and class opposition, so that the development achievements can benefit all the people, and finally realize free and allround development of mankind. China’s urban-rural integration is an innovative development on the basis of inheriting Marxist theory and combined with China’s specific reality. It aims to build an urban-rural development community, including interest community, responsibility community, cultural community and destiny community, and is committed to promoting the coexistence and common prosperity of urban and rural areas. At present, to solve the imbalance between urban and rural development in China, we need to adhere to the guidance of Marxist theory of urban-rural relations, continue to consolidate the dominant position of public ownership, strive to create conditions for equal development between urban and rural areas, clear away obstacles to urban-rural integration, and promote high-quality development between urban and rural areas.
Focusing on the emergence and development of a new paradigm, Kuhn’s classic paradigm theory gives an in-depth analysis on how an old paradigm shifts to a new one, which, as an effective methodology, helps to understand the evolutionary law and the theoretical implications of paradigm shifting from industrial technology to that of green technology, and the historical inevitability and actual possibility of the turn from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. While green technology paradigm arises from the crisis of industrial technology paradigm, its establishment calls for revolution in ecological civilization, and its development requires a complete reconstruction of system and culture of ecological civilization. The industrial technology paradigm and the industrial civilization are faced with deep crisis, calling for an organic, holistic and comprehensive green technology paradigm and the new form of ecological civilization which promotes harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Therefore, we should start with the innovation in the four aspects of technology-nature view, environmental discourse, value system of technological community and ecological civilization exploration, construct and implement the theoretical implications of green technology paradigm so as to guide the transformation of ecological civilization as a new form of human civilization.
The deployment for state-owned enterprises（SOEs） in China requires that the secretary of the Party Committee hold concurrent post as the chairman of the board of directors （“two positions into one”）. This article, based on the principal-agent theory, incentive theory, tournament theory, etc., takes salary incentive as the starting point to explore an effective way to solve the problem that “two positions into one” has not significantly influenced the operating performance of SOEs. The results show that the salary incentive for the chairman of the board of directors（the secretary of the Party Committee） can significantly improve operating performance of SOEs of “two positions into one”, which is mainly manifested in the local SOEs and SOEs in lower competitive industries. Further research shows that the gender and educational background can significantly moderate the impact of salary incentive for the chairman of the board of directors（the secretary of the Party Committee） on SOEs’ operating performance. In view of this, we should pay high attention to and respectively carry forward the salary incentive for the chairman of the board of directors（the secretary of the Party Committee） of SOEs of “two positions into one”, and integrate the “people-oriented” concept into the process of salary determination, so as to give full play to the incentive effect of the salary.
In order to open the “black-box” of the strategic transformation process of enterprises, this paper, based on the theories of strategic management, open innovation, business incubation and other theories, proposes an innovation and entrepreneurship（I-E） model of the strategic transformation process based on the case study of Royalstar enterprise strategic transformation. According to the research, the innovation and entrepreneurship incubation activities of new start-ups are essentially consistent with the evolution process of innovation and entrepreneurship of existing enterprises, and the process of strategic transformation of enterprises is the process of innovation and entrepreneurship. Innovation is the content of strategic transformation and the foundation for realizing new value creation; entrepreneurship is one of the forms of realizing new value creation in the process of strategic transformation, and determines the realization path of the strategic transformation process. Integrated and symbiotic, innovation and entrepreneurship realize benign interaction in content and form, and further form a core link to promote the continuous advancement of the strategic transformation process of enterprises. Therefore, in the implementation of strategic transformation, innovation and entrepreneurship should be closely combined, the corresponding realization method should be incorporated into the decision-making framework in the selection of innovative business, the role of entrepreneurs as “guides” should be further emphasized, and the corporate culture conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship should be fostered.
Production scale expansion flexibility is a vital factor in determining whether the supply chain upstream can satisfy the downstream order. This paper considers the dual sourcing problem of a supply chain comprised of one assembler and two suppliers. Based on the modified Newsvendor model incorporating yield uncertainty and production scale expansion flexibility, the profit functions of assembler and suppliers are established respectively. With the goal of profit maximization, the optimal order quantities for assembler and productions quantities for suppliers are derived by Stackelberg game, and then the sensitivity analysis is conducted on the lot-sizing decisions and profits. It is found that the order quantity is correlated negatively with the production instability, that is, the assembler tends to allocate more orders to the stabler supplier. There exists a threshold instability, which turns the correlation between production quantity and production instability from negative to positive. The production quantity and order quantity are both correlated positively with the production scale expansion flexibility, meaning that the assembler should build its supply chain in the area with high production scale expansion flexibility.When building the initial capacity, the supplier should consider the relative size between overproduction probability and production scale expansion flexibility. If the former is larger than the latter, a large-scale production line should be built, otherwise, choose a small-scale production line.
As the third profit source, the logistics industry plays an important role in driving economic growth. But can the development of logistics industry promote the coordinated development of economic growth and ecological environment protection? Academics have yet to draw firm conclusions. This paper builds a panel regression model based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2020, and carries out stepwise regression and heterogeneity analysis according to the specific factors of logistics development and regional differences, to test whether the development of logistics industry can promote the coordinated development of economic growth and ecological environmental protection. The empirical results show that there is a “U-shaped” curve relationship between the development of logistics industry and the coordinated development of economic growth and ecological environment protection. Internal factors and regional differences of logistics industry development have different effects on the coordinated development of economic growth and environmental protection. The development scale and structure of logistics industry are the important factors that lead to the nonlinear relationship between the development of logistics industry and the coordinated development of economic growth and environmental protection.At present, the logistics industries in various provinces and cities in China is facing great opportunities of development for promoting the coordinated development of economic growth and ecological environment protection, so we should seize the opportunity to develop high-end logistics industry and increase the research and development and investment on logistics technology.
Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2020, the super-efficiency SBMDEA model is developed to measure the industrial green innovation efficiency of all provinces in China considering the unexpected output, and then a spatial Durbin model is constructed to analyze the impact of three environmental regulation tools on the efficiency of China’s industrial green innovation and its spatial spillover effects under the regulation of green credit. The results show that the efficiency of industrial green innovation in China still has a large space to improve, showing an obvious positive spatial correlation. The command-based environmental regulation can effectively improve the efficiency of green innovation in local industry, but has a negative impact on the efficiency of neighboring areas. The marketincentive environmental regulation has a restraining effect on the efficiency of local and adjacent industrial green innovation. The public-participation environmental regulations can effectively improve the efficiency of industrial green innovation in the local and neighboring regions. Under the moderating effect of green credit, the three types of environmental regulations all play a driving role in improving the efficiency of industrial green innovation. To improve China’s industrial green innovation efficiency, we should actively promote the green credit levels, give full play to the important role of different types of environmental regulation tools, attach importance to their optimal combination, and give full play to the spatial spillover effect of industrial green innovation activities so as to narrow the gap in terms of the level of industrial green innovation between regions in China.
