Objective To investigate the expression level of heat shock protein 90α(HSP90α)in elderly patients with es-sential hypertension and analyze its relationship with hypertension and inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 70 elderly patients with essential hypertension who underwent health check-ups at the health examination center of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital from February 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the study group.An additional 70 healthy volunteers who underwent health check-ups during the same period were chosen as the control group.Serum HSP90α,nuclear factor κB(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and IL-1 levels were measured by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group.Ser-um HSP90α,NF-κB,IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1 levels were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of elderly essential hypertension.ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum HSP90α for elderly essential hypertension.The correlation between HSP90α and inflammatory factors(IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1)and the correlation between NF-κB and inflammatory factors were analyzed.Results The levels of HSP90α,NF-κB,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 and NF-κB in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HSP90α,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 and NF-κB levels were all independent risk factors for the development of essential hypertension in the elderly(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that HSP90α predicted the incidence of essential hypertension in the elderly with an area under the curve of 0.824(95％CI:0.757 to 0.892)and a cut-off value of 56.29 ng/mL.Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum HSP90α levels and NF-κB levels were positively correlated with IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1 levels in elderly patients with essential hypertension(P＜0.05).Conclusion HSP90α may be involved in the occurrence of senile essential hypertension by activating chronic inflammation.
Succinylation is a post-translational modification process that plays a crucial role in regulating protein structure and function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that succinylation contributes to tumor progression by modulating metabolic reprogramming and influencing the expression of target protein genes. These alterations can significantly impact tumor development and progression. This review aims to summarize the mechanistic role of succinylation in tumorigenesis, providing insights into its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention.
Experimental laboratory records are a vital part of both teaching and scientific research, but traditional laboratory methods often fall short due to issues like authenticity concerns, limited accessibility and sharing, and challenges in preservation and organization. In today’s digital age, electronic laboratory records offer a promising alternative. With features like real-time recording, traceability, strong security and confidentiality, easy sharing and collaboration, and data visualization, these digital systems effectively address the shortcomings of traditional practices. This article explores the challenges of traditional laboratory records and introduces the concept of electronic laboratory recording and management systems, showcasing their potential to enhance and sustain progress in education and research.
Objective To evaluate the comparative effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and femoral nerve com-bined with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block anesthesia in elderly hip fracture surgery.Methods A total of 140 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery at the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table:the experimental group(femoral nerve combined with lateral femo-ral cutaneous nerve block anesthesia,n=70)and the control group(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,n=70).Hemodynamics at different time points,duration of sensory and motor block,postoperative pain,cognitive function,serum levels,and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results At T1,T2 and T3,MAP and HR in the test group were higher than those in the con-trol group(P＜0.05);at T1,T2 and T3,MAP in the control group was lower than that at T0 in this group(P＜0.05),oxygen satura-tion in the two groups was higher than that at T0 in this group,HR was lower than that at T0 in this group(P＜0.05);the onset time,perfection time and duration of sensory and motor block duration in the test group were longer than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 h,12 h and 24 h after operation,the VAS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the MMSE score was higher than that of the control group((P＜0.05);at 6 h,12 h and 24 h after operation,VASscore and MMSE score in the two groups were higher than those at 6h after operation in this group(P＜0.05);the differences of IL-6,A β1-40 and S100β before and after operation in the test group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the total incidence of compli-cations in the test group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Femoral nerve combined with lateral femo-ral cutaneous nerve block anesthesia in elderly hip fracture surgery,compared with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,can effectively prolong the block time,reduce postoperative pain,maintain more stable hemodynamic parameters,improve postoperative cognitive function,reduce the incidence of complications,with obvious clinical advantages.
Objective To analyze the effects of different flow rates in high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on the success rate of weaning,blood gas and prognosis in elderly patients with severe pneumonia and difficulty in weaning.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 81 elderly patients with severe pneumonia and difficulty in weaning who were admitted to the second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from November 2022 to October 2024.All patients enrolled were given sequential high-flow nasal can-nula after extubation in the ICU.According to the flow rate in oxygen therapy,they were divided into group A(41 cases,40L/min)and group B(40 cases,50L/min).The effect of weaning,patient comfort level,blood gas indicators,and the prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results The rate of second intubation within 7 days and success rate of weaning showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The scores for dry mouth and nasal cavity,and sore throat in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(P＜0.05).The arterial partial pressure of oxygen,arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and pH showed no statistically sig-nificant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups during oxygen therapy were close(P＞0.05).The length of ICU stay,length of hospital stay and the proportion of patients with poor prognosis during 28-day follow-up showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with a flow rate of 40L/min can significantly increase comfort level of elderly patients with severe pneumonia,without significant influence on the success rate of weaning,blood gas indexes and short-term prognosis.
Ferroptosis is a distinct type of cellular demise frequently identified in the cerebral tissues of individuals afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It contributes to the advancement of several disorders, including dementia, malignancies, and osteoporosis, with the differentially expressed genes associated with it being significantly enriched in Alzheimer’s disease-related genes. Disordered iron homeostasis is a critical mechanism in the process of ferroptosis. Iron is essential in the central nervous system for sustaining mitochondrial energy production, synthesizing myelin and neurotransmitters, and facilitating other fundamental physiological functions. This article offers an extensive analysis of the interactions among many critical elements related to iron homeostasis, ferroptosis, and the common pathogenic mechanisms linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Sleep is a fundamental physiological necessity that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Sleep disorders, a group of conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, represent a prevalent clinical issue. Insufficient or non-restorative sleep can impair physical, cognitive, social, and emotional functions, significantly reducing overall health and quality of life. Extensive research has established a strong association between sleep disorders and the onset and progression of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and neurological disorders. Key pathological mechanisms linking sleep disorders to chronic diseases include autonomic nervous system dysfunction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and brain function abnormalities. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the relationship between sleep disorders and chronic diseases, aiming to provide insights for the prevention and management of chronic health conditions.
Refeeding syndrome is a significant and potentially fatal metabolic complication that arises from the rapid provision of nutritional support during the replenishment phase in catabolic patients suffering from malnutrition.Typically, it manifests within the initial 72 h following nutritional replenishment, advances swiftly, presents a range of nonspecific clinical symptoms, and may result in elevated mortality rates.The elderly population typically experiences issues such as malnutrition and multiple comorbidities, rendering them a high-risk group for refeeding syndrome.This article examines the risk factors associated with refeeding syndrome in the elderly, aiming to assist medical professionals in the early identification of high-risk patients and enhance patient prognosis through timely and effective nutritional interventions.
Objective To analyze the mediating effect of frailty between social isolation and cognitive function in elderly pa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 300 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the inpatient de-partment of the Department of Geriatric Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from October 2023 to February 2024 were selected by convenience sampling.A general information questionnaire,the Social Network Scale Short Form,the Tilburg Frailty Scale,and the Chinese version of the Simple Intelligent Mental State Examination Scale were used to investigate,and the mediating effect were analyzed using the Process plug-in in SPSS26.0 software.Results 300 elderly patients with type 2 dia-betes mellitus scored 14(9,20)points for social isolation and 103(34.33％)for social isolation;5(3,7)points for frailty and 169(56.33％)for frailty;25(23,27)points for cognitive function and 98(32.67％)for cognitive impairment.The frailty score was neg-atively correlated with the social isolation score(r=-0.327,P＜0.001),the frailty score was negatively correlated with the cognitive function score(r=-0.394,P＜0.001),and the social isolation was positively correlated with the cognitive function score(r=0.370,P＜0.001).Bootstrap test showed that the indirect effect value was 0.071(95％CI:0.038-0.116),indicating that the indirect effect was established;the direct effect was 0.148(95％CI:0.088-0.208),indicating that weakness played a partial mediating role be-tween social isolation and cognitive function,and the indirect effect(0.071)accounted for 32.42％of the total effect(0.219).Conclusion Social isolation,frailty and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes type 2 diabetes mellitus are at a high level,and frailty has a partial mediating effect between social isolation and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus,suggesting that social isolation can not only directly affect cognitive function,but also indirectly affect cognitive function through frailty.
Objective To explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms of pulmonary alveolar surfactant protein(SP)-D and genetic susceptibility in elderly Han patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Sichuan.Methods A total of 125 elderly patients with COPD and 125 healthy controls with similar general data(age,gender,body mass index)at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled as the COPD group and control group between October 2020 and March 2023,re-spectively.The blood samples were collected to obtain SP-D gene polymorphisms(frequencies of alleles and genotypes at rs721917 and rs2245121 loci)by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age or body mass index between the COPD group and the control group(P＞0.05).The proportion of smoking history and smoking frequency in the COPD group were higher than those in the control group,while the one-second rate was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in frequencies of genotypes(G/G,G/A,A/A)at the rs721917G/A locus between the COPD group and the control group(29.6％,56.0％,14.4％vs 43.2％,40.8％,16.0％;P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in frequencies of alleles(G,A)at rs721917G/A locus between the two groups(57.6％,42.4％vs 63.6％,36.4％;P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in frequencies of genotypes(G/G,G/A,A/A)at rs2245121G/A locus between the COPD group and the control group(60.8％,36.0％,3.2％vs 60.0％,37.6％,2.4％;P＞0.05),and there was also no significant difference in frequencies of alleles(G,A)at rs2245121 locus between the two groups(78.8％,21.2％vs 78.8％,21.2％;P＞0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms of the SP-D gene at rs721917 locus may be correlated with genetic susceptibility in elderly Han patients with COPD in Sichuan,G/A genotype may be a susceptible genotype,and polymorphisms of the SP-D gene at rs2245121 locus are not correlated with the genetic susceptibility.
Objective To analyze the expression of serum nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2),NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes and interleukin-18(IL-18)in elderly patients with sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury(AKI)and their prognostic value for patients.Methods From January 2020 to December 2023,98 elderly patients with sepsis com-plicated with AKI in the General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel(Group)Co.,Ltd.were selected as the concurrent group,and an-other 60 elderly patients with sepsis in the same period were selected as the control group.Serum Nrf2 mRNA,NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 expression were compared between the two groups;patients in the concurrent group were divided into survival group(72 cases)and death group(26 cases)according to 28 d survival.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of 28 d death in the concurrent group;ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum Nrf2 mRNA,NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 ex-pression for 28 d death in the concurrent group.Results Serum Nrf2 mRNA expression was lower in the concurrent group than in the control group(P＜0.05),and serum NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 expression were higher in the concurrent group than in the control group(P＜0.05);multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated APACHE Ⅱ score,elevated SOFA score,low serum Nrf2 mRNA expression,high NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 expression were independent risk factors for 28 d death in the concurrent group(P＜0.05);ROC curve results showed that the AUC of serum Nrf2 mRNA,NLRP3 mRNA,and IL-18 expression were 0.882,0.845,and 0.865,respectively.Conclusion Serum Nrf2 mRNA expression was decreased,NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 expression were increased in elderly patients with sepsis complicated with AKI,and Nrf2 mRNA,NLRP3 mRNA and IL-18 expression could assist in evaluating the short-term prognosis of elderly patients with sepsis complicated with AKI.
Objective To investigate the efficacy of traditional teaching methods,"live online+self-study,"and blended teaching methods in undergraduate medical imaging education.Methods A retrospective analysis method was employed to categorize 5-year clinical medicine students,who were enrolled in the medical imaging theory course at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from March 2019 to March 2021,into three distinct groups.Group A consists of 66 students of 2016 grade who were taught by tradi-tional teaching methods.Group B comprises 72 students of 2017 grade who were taught by a combination of live onlive and self-study.Group C consists of 69 students in 2018 grade who were taught by a blended teaching approach that combines both online and offline methods.The efficacy of instruction is assessed by the analysis of examination outcomes.Results The final scores of the three groups,Group B achieved a higher score compared to both Group A and Group C,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.01).However,there was no statistically significant difference between Group A and Group C(P＞0.05).Conclusion The in-structional approach of"live online+self-study"ensures the quality of the class and the effectiveness of teaching.
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with tongue pressure biofeedback training on dysphagia in elderly patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Ninety-six elderly patients with dysphagia after ischemic stroke admitted to Handan Central Hospital from July 2022 to September 2024 were selected as the study sub-jects.They were randomly divided into a control group and a study group(48 cases for each group)by random number table.The con-trol group was given tongue pressure biofeedback training(46 cases were finally included),and the study group was combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation therapy on the basis of the control group(45 cases were finally included).Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)score,Swallowing Quality of Life Scale(SWAL-QOL)score,surface electromyography(sEMG)index,and cerebral hemodynamic parameters[mean blood flow velocity(Vm)and resistance index(RI)of cerebral arteries]and the efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,the FOIS and SWAL-QOL scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the study group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment:the maximum amplitude and Vm of sEMG in the two groups were greater than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the study group was greater than the control group(P＜0.05);the swallowing time course in the two groups was shorter than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the study group was shorter than the control group(P＜0.05);RI in the two groups was less than that be-fore treatment(P＜0.05),and the study group was less than the control group(P＜0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the overall re-sponse rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with tongue pressure biofeedback training can effectively improve sEMG and cerebral hemodynamics in elderly pa-tients with dysphagia after ischemic stroke,prominently reduce dysphagia,and prominently ameliorate eating ability and quality of life.
Elderly patients demonstrate diminished physiological functions and various comorbidities, which present significant challenges in the perioperative anesthesia management of lung cancer surgery. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, demonstrates dose-dependent effects including sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, and antisympathetic activity. The dexmedetomidine demonstrates the protective potential across multiple organs during the perioperative period of lung cancer surgery in the elderly, highlighting its significant application value in clinical anesthesia practice. This article reviews the mechanisms of dexmedetomidine and its potential for multi-organ protection during the perioperative period of lung cancer surgery in elderly patients. It also discusses recent advances in clinical anesthesia practice, aiming to enhance the quality and safety of dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia management for this demographic.
Objective To explore the application of three-dimensional ultrasound in the evaluation of perforator artery be-fore anterolateral femoral perforator flap transplantation in elderly patients.Methods From 2020 to 2023,60 patients with anterolater-al femoral perforator flap transplantation at Wuxi No.9 People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were randomly divided into two groups:ultrasound group and the CTA group each had 30 cases.The image quality,the diameter of the perforator artery measured before operation and the actual diameter during operation,the incidence of complications and the condition of operation were compared between the two groups.Results The image quality of the ultrasound group was significantly better than that of the CTA group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the diameter of the perforating artery between the two groups(P＞0.05).The inci-dence of complications in the ultrasound group was significantly lower than that in the CTA group(P＜0.05).There was no signifi-cant difference in the location and incidence of donor area between the two groups(P＞0.05).The survival rate of skin flap in the ul-trasound group was higher than that in the CTA group(P＜0.05),and the reoperation rate in the ultrasound group was lower than that in the CTA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional ultrasound has more accurate measurement value and higher image quality in the evaluation of perforator artery before anterolateral femoral perforator flap transplantation,so it is worthy of clinical appli-cation.
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(LEDVT)after lumbar fusion in elderly patients,and to explore the predictive value of peripheral blood monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and thrombomodulin(TM)levels for LEDVT.Methods Ninety-eight elderly patients who underwent lumbar fusion at the 904th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Support Force from July 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively selected and divided into the occurrence group(23 cases)and the non-occurrence group(75 cases)according to whether LEDVT occurred within 14 d after surgery.All patients underwent MHR and TM examination before operation,and the relevant data were collected for comparison.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative LEDVT.ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of MHR and TM for postoperative LEDVT in patients.Results The proportion of patients aged ≥75 years,smoking,diabetes,D-dimer(D-D)level,postoperative bed-rest time ≥5 d,MHR level,and TM level in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression model results showed that age(OR=3.612,95％CI:1.273-10.247),postoperative bed-rest time(OR=2.553,95％CI:1.248-5.221),D-D level(OR=3.849,95％CI:2.092-7.080),MHR level(OR=2.374,95％CI:1.452-3.883)and TM level(OR=5.262,95％CI:2.324-11.915)were independent risk factors for postoperative LEDVT(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity of MHR,TM and their combination to predict the occurrence of LEDVT in patients was 69.60％,78.30％and 91.30％,respectively,and the speci-ficity was 74.70％,68.00％and 65.30％,respectively,and the area under the curve(AUC)were 0.773,0.796 and 0.890,respec-tively(P＜0.05).Conclusion MHR and TM are independent risk factors for postoperative LEDVT in elderly patients treated with lumbar fusion,and combined clinical tests have higher sensitivity but lower specificity in assessing the risk of LEDVT in patients.
Objective To investigate the relationship between arteriosclerosis index of plasma and valvular calcification in elderly patients with degenerative valvular heart disease.Methods A total of 148 elderly patients with degenerative valvular heart dis-ease treated in Weifang People's Hospital from September 2022 to February 2024 were retrospectively collected.According to whether the patients had valvular calcification,they were divided into a calcification group(92 cases)and a non-calcification group(56 ca-ses).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of valvular calcification in elderly patients with degen-erative valvular heart disease,and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of plasma arteriosclerosis index,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for valvular calcification in elderly patients with degenerative valvular heart disease.Results Fasting blood glucose,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma-induced arteriosclerosis index in the calcification group were higher than those in the non-calcification group,triglyceride was lower than that in the non-calcification group,and the differences had statistical significance(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose,high-density lipoprotein choles-terol and plasma arteriosclerosis index were independent risk factors for valvular calcification in elderly patients with degenerative valvu-lar heart disease(P＜0.05),and triglycerides were protective factors(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the plasma atherogenic index predicted the highest area under the curve for the occurrence of valvular calcification in elderly patients with degener-ative valvular heart disease,0.853(95％CI:0.790 to 0.915,P＜0.05),the optimal threshold was 0.175,the sensitivity was 0.804,the specificity was 0.857,and the Youden index was 0.661.Conclusion Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent pre-dictor of valvular calcification in elderly patients with degenerative valvular heart disease,which has a high diagnostic value and can provide a basis for early clinical identification of high-risk groups and provide new ideas for the prevention and intervention of valvular calcification progression.
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate retinal structural changes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their correlation with disease severity using optical coherence tomography (OCT). [Methods] In this cross-sectional study, 43 patients with PD (86 eyes) and 43 healthy controls (86 eyes) admitted to Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, between February 2022 and June 2023 were enrolled. Retinal layer thickness in the central 6 mm diameter of the macula was measured using OCT in all participants. Differences in retinal layer structures between the PD and control groups were compared using t-tests. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to assess the associations between retinal thickness and disease duration, the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale part Ⅲ (MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ), and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging. [Results] Compared with controls, PD patients exhibited reduced retinal thickness in the macular region, with significant thinning observed in specific quadrants of the inner nuclear layer of the right eye. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the thickness of specific regions within the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer were negatively correlated with age, disease duration, MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ scores, and H-Y stage. [Conclusion] Retinal thinning is closely related to PD progression and may have potential value for disease monitoring.
Periodontal tissue comprises a complex arrangement of soft and hard tissues essential for the physiological function of teeth. Numerous proteins in periodontal tissue are essential for maintaining its normal physiological function, while certain specific proteins are crucial for the homeostatic equilibrium and the development and remodeling of periodontal tissue. The identification of these particular proteins establishes a solid theoretical and practical foundation for addressing periodontal tissue diseases in the elderly and for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. This article examines the current research status of these specific proteins.
With the development of the times, the development of interdisciplinary integration is more and more important, and cultivating high-quality medical talents with interdisciplinary practical ability is an important goal and demand for the development of medical and health services in China. As a typical representative of interdisciplinary courses, STEAM curriculum has openness, subjectivity, situational, relevance, and developmental nature, which can improve the innovation capacity and practical ability of medical students and promote cross-integration and innovative development in the field of psychoneurology. This study discusses the application of STEAM education in clinical teaching of psychoneurologic interdisciplinary disciplines and its role in improving the comprehensive quality and practical ability of medical students, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for cultivating medical talents with interdisciplinary integration ability and clinical innovative thinking.
