At this stage, China is in a critical period of comprehensive socio-economic green and low-carbon transformation under the strategic goal of carbon peaking, carbon neutral climate commitment and the nationwide battle to prevent and control pollution, and the time is tight and the task is heavy. As the main body of policy implementation, urban must make comprehensive and concerted efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions. The nature of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases having the same origin and process determines the feasibility of synergistic governance of reducing pollutionand carbon emissions. Synergistic pollution and carbon reduction policies not only improve policy efficiency, but also have multiple benefits such as cost reduction and public health enhancement. Compared with developed countries, China still maintains a primary energy consumption structure dominated by coal, and the proportion of oil, gas and clean energy is relative low. To achieve the synergistic prevention and control of pollutants and greenhouse gases, it is necessary to fundamentally change China’s coal-fired energy structure from the source, further promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and accelerate the formation of a green lifestyle. This paper helps to understand the synergistic mechanism between reducing pollutionand carbon emissions by elaborating the connotation, potential and pathway of synergistic effect of urban pollution and carbon reduction, and provides a reference for urban to collaboratively and optimally manage pollutants and greenhouse gases to comprehensively improve the comprehensive effectiveness of environmental management.
工业园区是中国制造业发展的重要载体与做好碳达峰碳中和的关键支撑,建立统一规范的碳核算方法,是园区科学推进低碳发展的必要前提.本研究剖析了园区碳核算的复杂性,明确了园区"双碳"工作的核心要义,建立了"一芯四核"互馈式园区碳核算方法框架.该框架主要包括应用目标与范围定义、流分析与排放清单建立、碳排放计算、结果解释与决策支撑四个核心环节,四"核"间相互作用、迭代优化,根据园区发展实际进行具象化,并充分考虑向上与所在行政区域碳核算清单、向下与企业碳排放核算兼容,最终服务于准确把握低碳发展内涵、锻造新的产业竞争优势这一关键内"芯".进一步地,研究阐述了"一芯四核"方法框架各主要步骤,分析了园区碳核算实践中面临的园区边界、核算范围、清单建立、数据质量等方面的难点,提出了基于检验清单的各环节工作原则、操作步骤及注意事项.研究为"千园千面"的工业园区提供了科学统一的碳核算理论框架,可为工业园区在低碳转型中锻造新的产业竞争优势提供决策支撑,为建立统一规范碳排放统计核算体系奠定方法基础.
As China is confronted with the two strategic tasks of achieving the fundamental improvement of ecological environment and achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the policy system of synergistic governance needs to embed the policy goal of carbon emissions in the existing ecological environment management system. Moreover, the institutional elements such as norms, resources and tools involved in reduce pollution and carbon emissions will be re-coordinated and integrated under the goal of synergistic paths.In terms of policy concepts, policy tools and policy subjects, reduce pollution and carbon emissions have path dependence on the traditional pollution prevention policy system, which may lead to the problems, such as lack of scientific decision-making, regulatory failure, poor policy sustainability, policy rigidity, and insufficient investment of market subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of relevant laws and regulations on synergistic paths, strengthen the overall synergy among multiple policy instruments,and optimize the management synergy of differentiated policies.
当前,构建以渔民生态种养为主的生计转型长效机制,确保渔民"稳得住,能致富"是政府部门和学术界共同关注的重点.本文基于"生计恢复力"理论构建了"缓冲—自组织—学习"三维分析框架,借助必要条件分析(NCA)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)两种分析方法,从组态视角对长江退捕渔民生态种养采纳意愿的关键驱动条件、作用路径和潜在替代关系进行研究.研究发现:①NCA与QCA分析结果显示,单一条件无法形成渔民生态种养采纳意愿程度高的必要条件,但fsQCA组态分析显示,自组织能力尤其是对奖补惠及和政策新闻的关注能单独引致解释结果的产生.②渔民生态种养采纳意愿存在三种驱动路径,分别是自组织主导型、自组织—学习驱动型和缓冲—学习驱动型.同时,渔民生态种养采纳意愿存在三种抑制类型,分别是学习抑制型、自组织—学习抑制型及缓冲—自组织抑制型.③在特定条件下,自组织能力可以与其他两种能力的条件组合等效替代,以"殊途同归"的方式提升渔民生态种养采纳意愿.
作为环境污染治理的新举措,畜禽粪污集中处理中心虽然在高效处理粪污、提高资源利用质量、改善农村环境等方面发挥了显著作用,但是,其在运营中依然存在各种各样的问题,如设备利用率低下、粪污未能得到有效收集、骗取补贴等.为了探讨上述运营困境的形成机理,本文从养殖规模差异化与政府干预视角出发,构建政府、养殖户与处理中心三方共同参与的演化博弈模型,并在不同情境下探讨三方策略选择的影响因素与演化路径.研究表明,当小规模养殖户占比较高时,处理中心会选择"投机"策略加以获利,反之,在粪污处理需求大的规模养殖地区,处理中心则倾向于"不投机"的稳定经营策略;虽然政府补贴对于养殖户选择"参与"策略具有促进作用,但是,对于小规模养殖户而言,仍有一定的概率选择"不参与"策略;政府需要综合考虑处理中心的预期收益、受奖惩力度等因素制定合理补贴范畴,若补贴过高且缺乏相应的监管机制,处理中心会为了谋求更多利益而采取"投机"策略;当处理中心投机行为较频繁时,政府需加大监管并提高惩罚力度,以维护畜禽粪污集中处理模式正常运作.
