The article summarizes the results of a large study of the topics and issues of scientific publications of mass communication, journalism, and media. According to the methodology developed by the author, thematic groups of key-words extracted from the texts of three scientific journals are identified and in-vestigated - "Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism", "Mediascope" and "Communication Studies (Russia)". A table has been constructed showing the re-search results for each of the analyzed journals and the totals for five journals, including those listed and two more: "Tomsk State University Journal of Philolo-gy" and "Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism". The graphs in the article reflect the structure of keywords by thematic groups, ranking by the number and proportion of keywords used by the authors in the overall structure and structure of each journal. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn and a scientific discussion was proposed. Some of the conclusions: the the-matic groups "General Theoretical Issues of Journalism and Media Theory", "Artifi-cial Intelligence", "Online Media, Internet Media", "Interdisciplinary Research" and "Advertising and PR" were in the first places. The following themes have practically disappeared from the researchers' field of attention: "Traditional Media (Periodi-cals)", "Visual Media. Photojournalism. Design", and "Journalism Genres". The top-ic of values and the axiology ofjournalism needs more attention from researchers. There were no keywords in scientific articles that could be organized into separate thematic groups related to information warfare, the work of war correspondents, propaganda and counter-propaganda, and the understanding of journalistic activ-ities in the context of a special military operation. The study of the problem needs further monitoring of keywords in order to actualize subsequent scientific research in the scientific field "Mass Communication. Journalism. Mass Media".
The article examines the role of the United States Information Agency (USIA) in the implementation of American foreign policy objectives abroad. The main stages of the agency's history, its functionality, structure, tasks and mechanisms of their solution are described. The author also refers to archival materials that had not previously been put into scientific circulation, in particular, to the closed analytical materials of Soviet correspondents who worked abroad and had access to press releases and open docu-mentation of the USIA. This analysis is of particular value because journalists, being me-dia professionals themselves, highlight the agency's strengths and weaknesses, provide valuable quantitative indicators, and share their own opinions and those of foreign col-leagues. With its extensive network of media resources, USIA has been steadily expanding its presence in the global media space. The agency had not only its own media, but also libraries, film and television production departments, supervised educational programs and helped establish contacts with opinion leaders in different countries. Special status opened up wide opportunities for promoting the American point of view on international events, and the fact that the information prepared by the agency was not supposed to be distributed in the United States would allow us to talk about a targeted information policy towards the audience of other countries. Despite the fact that the agency officially ceased to exist in the late 1990s, the information impact system it established is still in effect.
The article examines digital inequality in two large multicultural states, Rus-sia and India, in the context of ongoing digital transformation. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in multicultural, multi-ethnic and multiconfessional societies the digital divide affects not only access to information and communication technologies, but also the preservation of language, cultural identity and the participation of small ethnic groups in the contemporary communication environment. The purpose of the article is to iden-tify common trends and country-specific features of digital inequality in Russia and India through a three-level model of the digital divide that includes access to the Internet and ICT, digital skills, and the benefits gained from the use of digital technologies. The research is based on a comparative analysis of current theoretical approaches and on the interpre-tation of recent statistical data on digitalization, communication infrastructure and digital inclusion. The study demonstrates that both countries still face regional, social, linguistic and cultural barriers, which are especially visible in relation to small ethnic and language communities living in remote or less developed territories. The article concludes that, de-spite consistent public policies aimed at reducing digital inequality, unequal access to ICT, unequal patterns of use, and unequal opportunities to benefit from the digital environ-ment remain a pressing issue for small peoples in both Russia and India and require inte-grated infrastructural, educational and sociocultural solutions.
The article analyzes the specifics of video game advertising in the Russian market in the frames of global marketing practices and cultural adaptation strategies. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the rapid growth of the Russian video game market, which reached 187 billion rubles in 2024, the signifi-cant expansion of the gaming audience (over 106 million people), and the need to comprehend the transformation of advertising communications following the ge-opolitical changes of 2022. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize key cultural adaptation strategies employed in video game advertising in the Rus-sian market, and to assess their effectiveness in the context of local digital ecosys-tem formation. The methodological framework encompasses content analysis of ten video game advertising campaigns implemented on Russian platforms (VK Play, RuStore, Yandex.Direct, Telegram) during 2022-2025, supplemented by analysis of publicly available data on advertising budgets and conversion metrics. The empiri-cal base covers both international products (Genshin Impact, PUBG Mobile, Honkai: Star Rail) and domestic titles (Smuta, Atomic Heart, Skazki Staroy Rusi). The study reveals that the Russian video game advertising market is forming a unique model combining elements of global promotion standards with pronounced national and cultural specificity. Three key cultural adaptation strategies have been identified: linguistic-cultural localization of advertising content accounting for linguistic and value-based audience characteristics; integration into local digital platforms using their specific advertising tools; and appeal to national cultural narratives and his-torical heritage. The practical significance of an integrated approach.
Television news remains a popular format, demonstrating stable ratings and serving as a significant information resource, uniting broad groups of people around key local and global events. The choice of the main news story for the day plays an important role in attracting viewers' attention to the TV program and influences the agenda. This article analyzes the main news stories from the final news programs of five TV channels: Vremya ("First Channel"), Vesti ("Rus-sia 1"), Events (" TV Center"), Segodnya ("NTV"), and Novosti ("REN TV"), which are included in the first and second multiplex. A thematic and formal analysis of these stories was conducted, taking into account parameters such as the signif-icance and novelty. The study revealed that producers have various approaches to selecting the topic and format of the initial material. Three main approaches were identified. The & laquo;state-patriotic & raquo; approach is typical of the largest TV broad-casters, such as Channel One, Rossiya 1, and TV Center, which often prioritize foreign policy issues and events related to a special military operation in their programming. The NTV channel demonstrates a & laquo;pluralistic & raquo; approach by offering a wide thematic and formal diversity. REN TV employs a & laquo;socially sensational & raquo; strategy, focusing on human-interest stories and events from criminal and legal sphere. Despite the differences in editorial approaches, the most important crite-ria for choosing news remain novelty and relevance. The article raises questions about the uniformity of the information presented by the leading Russian televi-sion channels and opens a discussion on the appropriateness of existing methods.
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of current research areas in the study of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the media system. The author identifies and substantiates the fragmentation of existing knowledge, owing to the distribution of research across various subject fields - economics, sociology, com-munication studies, and journalism. Drawing on an extensive corpus of Russian and in-ternational sources, the author systematizes four main areas of scientific inquiry: struc-tural-functional, production-technological, receptive-ethical, and competence-based. Relevant approaches to classifying AI technologies are identified and characterized for each of them. As a solution to the problem of systemic organization of heterogeneous knowledge about AI technologies in the media system, the author proposes a classi-fication based on a functional criterion - the correspondence of AI technologies to the key stages of the media production cycle. Five main categories are identified: tech-nologies for content creation and generation (including generative language models, diffusion models for images, audio and video synthesis); technologies for information analysis and structuring (semantic analysis, entity recognition, automatic abstracting); personalization and distribution technologies (recommender systems, microtargeting algorithms); verification and fact-checking technologies (deepfake detection, cross-ref-erence analysis); monitoring and analytics technologies (sentiment analysis, predictive analytics, content clustering). The proposed classification creates a conceptual basis for forecasting the future evolution of the media system, allowing us to identify areas of the most intensive technological growth and potential points of conflict between algorithmic logic and traditional professional journalism norms. This article contributes to the interdisciplinary conceptualization of the role of AI in media and offers a tool for further research in media economics, the sociology of mass communications, and journalism education.
The article presents a comprehensive study of the data story genre within contemporary data journalism, a field situated at the intersection of media studies, computer science, and statistics. The relevance of this work is driven by the deep digital transformation of media, where data is becoming not merely a supporting tool but a key source and language for describing social reality. Despite the growth in the number of data stories produced by leading global media, their genre canons, typology, and creation practices have not yet been systematically studied in Russian academia. This creates a gap between rapid technological development and the the-oretical understanding of the phenomenon. The aim of the study is to identify and systematically classify the genre-forming characteristics of the data story by integrating theoretical-methodological analysis with empirical verification. The methodological framework is based on systemic and structural-functional approaches, which made it possible to examine the data story in the context of digital transformation and identify its stable features through the unity of subject, method, and function. The empirical part was implemented using the method of content analysis of materials published in the specialized sections of The Washington Post and The New York Times between 2018 and 2020. As a result of the research, the constitutive features of the genre were defined, a typology of data stories was developed, and specific narrative strategies of data storytelling, as well as the stages of a journalist's work with data, were identified. The novelty of the research lies in the synthesis of a theoretical model of the gen-re with data from an extensive practical audit. This has, for the first time, empirically documented a significant gap between the technological potential of the genre and actual editorial practice. The main conclusion of the study is that, in its current editorial implementation, the data story remains predominantly derivative of traditional ana-lytical genres, enriched with visualization elements, rather than a fundamentally new interactive narrative form. This finding opens up prospects for further research into the factors constraining the innovative potential of the genre.
This study is part of a comprehensive research project analyzing how the inclusive agenda is being shaped in the Russian media. The empirical basis of the study is a content analysis of a sample of 638 media publications from November 2024 to Novem-ber 2025, compiled using the SKAN-Interfax system with the query "social inclusion." So-cial inclusion is understood in this study as a multi-level process of creating conditions for an individual to enter a particular society, involving the subject of social life in social inter-actions, and increasing/restoring social capital and resources. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that a social demand for an inclusive agenda in the media has formed in society, being expressed by various actors: government structures, civil initiative centers, political associations, and citizens themselves. However, the degree to which the media has implemented the demand for a socially inclusive agenda has not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study is to identify the dominant thematic clusters, actors, and narrative models of the media agenda on the topic of social inclusion. The study shows that the analyzed media agenda is structured by a hierarchy of actors (state-business-NGOs) and reproduces a positive event-driven narrative. The core of the agenda consists of the following thematic clusters: social inclusion as competition and/or demonstration of success, as a state, corporate/educational program, as local initiatives and volunteer-ing, as an international cooperation program, and as part of the digitalization process. The main narratives of social inclusion are event-driven, institutionalized, subjectivized, and individualized. The paper is intended for experts in the field of media communications, social inclusion, and social technologies.
The relevance of the research is determined by the objectives of state policy in the field of traditional spiritual and moral values and the importance of auditing communication strategies implemented by universities. Derzhavin Tambov State University is the operator of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the field of family policy within the framework. To achieve the research goal, a com-plex of cross-disciplinary approaches was used, combining methods of analyzing and systematizing of the university's media content related to the value of "family"; an empirical study of the associative field of this concept formed by the university's media content. A discourse analysis (of texts, images, videos, and short videos) was conducted to identify implicit representations of the concept of "family". The sys-tematization of the selected content, which combined 54 publications, allowed the formation of incentive material for conducting an extended associative experiment, consisting of two stages: associative reactions to the stimulus material; associative reactions to the same stimulus material, but after viewing the proposed publica-tions. A comparative analysis of the stages demonstrates that while students' initial understanding of family is focused on internal emotional connections and interper-sonal relationships within the immediate family circle, after informational influence, changes occur in the mental image of "family" - external aspects emerge, related to government measures and activities in the area of family policy and demographic standards, and universities as a pro-family environment.
The article analyzes how regional television in Russia responded to the social order during the Special Military Operation (SMO) through personifica-tion practices. It is argued that the human-centered approach, embodied in special projects, became the key content strategy for addressing the audience's deep-seat-ed demand for involvement, value orientations, and active support for the front. Based on a comprehensive analysis of more than 50 special projects (approximately 500 episodes) created by regional television companies across all federal districts in 2022-2025, a typology of nine hero images represented in the regional media space has been developed: "hero-warrior", "hero-volunteer", "hero-family man", "hero-veteran", "hero-homefront worker", "hero-mentor", "hero-creator", "hero-innova-tor", and "hero-symbol". The typology is presented as a dynamic methodological tool for purposefully shaping content strategies of regional television under changing socio-political conditions. The evolution of dominant hero types at different stages of the SMO is traced, reflecting the dynamics of public sentiment and the actualiza-tion of media functions. It is concluded that the unique role of regional television in consolidating society is determined by its inherent properties: high level of trust, proximity to the audience, and the ability to personify national meanings through local stories. The identified systemic challenges (risk of narrative fatigue, devaluation of the heroic, ethical dilemmas) make it possible to outline directions for improving programming policy and substantiate the applicability of the typology for construct-ing heroic images in the perspective of post-conflict discourse.
The article develops and tests an original methodological framework for analyzing social demand for journalism education, defined as a structured set of societal expectations regarding graduates' professional competencies, personal qualities, and value orientations. The study is grounded in the sociological theory of education, which conceptualizes professional training as a social institution responsible for reproducing normative models of occupational practice. The research aims to design an analytical instrument capable of capturing social demand as a dynamic system of expectations and institutional responses. The proposed framework consists of three analytical stages: identification and typologization of actors shaping social demand; their preliminary rank-ing according to institutional and symbolic influence; and systematic analysis of articu-lated requirements alongside the actions through which the education system incorpo-rates them. The public sphere is treated as the primary arena in which social demand is produced and negotiated. Empirical sources include analytical media publications, public statements by state authorities, professional associations, media industry representa-tives and civic activists, as well as user-generated commentary. The institutionalization of social demand is examined through regulatory decisions in higher education policy and through university-level strategies and practices. The framework was applied to ma-terials reflecting the transformation ofjournalism education in Russia between 2022 and 2026. The findings demonstrate that social demand in this period constitutes a complex and multilayered configuration in which public expectations, institutional resources, and professional reflection interact and mutually adjust.
In the context of a hybrid media environment, traditional journalism is losing its monopoly on setting the news agenda, ceding space to public opinion leaders (POLs), influencers, and bloggers. The question of the mechanisms of com-petition for audience trust and countering disinformation requires an analysis of the influence of different types of opinion leaders on Generations Y and Z, who are re-sponsible for a significant share of information disruptions associated with them. The study is based on the application of the integrative analytical model AIDA/War-dle, which allows for an examination of the typology of leadership (POL/influenc-er/blogger) through both the stages of engaging the receiver in a communication dialogue and the application of the taxonomy of information disruptions proposed by C. Wardle. The methodology is based on the research which combines qualita-tive case studies with an online survey (N=288) analyzed via cluster (K-means) and correlation (Pearson) methods. The study focused on three clusters with different levels of media literacy and trust patterns: "Trusting Followers" (37,4 %), "Pragmatic Consumers" (35,2 %), and & laquo;Critical Thinking Skeptics" (27 %). A significant gap was confirmed between self-reported media literacy and actual fact-checking behavior (r = 0.102). It was found that influencers are more likely to use context manipulation, influencers are more likely to use misleading content, and bloggers are associated with unintentional misleading behavior. The findings support both the need for dif-ferentiated strategies for traditional media engagement with digital audiences and the emerging opportunities to enrich journalism education with knowledge about the mechanisms of trust-building in the digital age.
The relevance of this research is determined by the profound trans-formation of journalism education in the context of the digital revolution, where artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have shifted from the status of external tools to an immanent environment of educational processes. Due to the rapid renew-al of the technological landscape and the transforming demands of the industry, traditional models of personnel training find themselves in a state of global crisis. In this context, the Chinese educational experience deserves close attention due to the scale of its system, proactive government policies, and a unique synthesis of global trends with national identity. The key objective of the study is to identify the mechanisms through which diverse actors - universities, the media industry, the state, and technologies - construct a sustainable ecosystem of journalism ed- ucation, as well as to analyze the contradictions arising in this process. The authors propose a theoretical framework that adapts the ecosystem approach, borrowed from the natural and social sciences, to the specifics of journalism education. The empirical basis of the study comprises the practices of leading Chinese universi-ties (Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Renmin University of China, Zhejiang University, etc.), selected based on their leadership in national rankings, the presence of innovative educational programs, and the availability of information about ongoing projects in the public domain. Drawing on the analy-sis of these cases and relevant strategic documents, the research focuses on four key vectors of sustainability: transnational, transmedia, interdisciplinary, and in-ter-organizational. The research results demonstrate the evolution of the Chinese model from linear to network dynamics, where the concept of "transboundary/ cross-boundary nature" serves as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring sustaina-bility. The specificity of the Chinese model of "glocalization" is revealed, combining the introduction of global standards with unprecedented state support. The novel-ty of the work lies in applying a holistic ecosystem approach for a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of journalism education in China across four key directions, which helps overcome the fragmentation of previous studies.
In the context of the geopolitical redivision of the world and the escalation of military conflicts, increased attention is being paid to the theoretical basis and practical application of the terms "propaganda", "war propaganda", and "special propaganda". Previously, these terms were considered mostly separately or interchangeably. This article analyzes these concepts in their interrelationships, where propaganda is presented as a general method of dominantly influencing public sentiment, war propaganda as a method of reinforcing stereotypes in armed conflicts, and special propaganda as a method of dismantling stereotypes held by enemy troops and the general population. The article identifies the dynamics of the interpretation and practical application of these terms/techniques in various periods and situations, including the First and Second World Wars, the Great Patriotic War and the Special Military Operation (SMO). Typological theses of military propaganda, presented in 20th-century works, are presented. Using a qualitative study of the content of reports by leading war correspondents working for the SMO, the author demonstrates that these reports are also characteristic of the current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Traditional and new methods of special propaganda employed by parties to the hybrid war in the second and third decades of the 21st century are analyzed. The acceptability and necessity of the attitude towards propaganda, military propaganda, and special propaganda is affirmed as methods for shaping a set of stereotypes that reinforce citizens' positive attitudes toward their state, its history, and operational military and civilian tasks. It emphasizes that interpreting these terms as negative ideological clich & eacute;s in relation to one's own country, on the contrary, discredits the state, its leaders, and its decisions. It is concluded that, in scientific terms, the concepts of propaganda, military, and special propaganda should be recognized as regulators of the information space in the interests of countries participating in the information war, which compete with each other for relevant interpretations that influence the desired behavior of target groups.
The article analyzes the current topics of modern Russian journalism and media studies. For this purpose, scientific journals related to the thematic field of "Media Studies. Journalism. Mass media" have been chosen as the object of study, namely: "Tomsk State University Journal of Philology" and "Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism". To study the topics of scientific publications, keywords for all articles published in these journals for 2025 were analyzed. All the keywords were grouped into specific thematic groups formed by the author. The analysis of the structure of the thematic groups of keywords of the two named journals allowed us to draw the following conclusions. There is no "leader" among the thematic groups of keywords for articles in the Journalism section of the "Tomsk State University Journal of Philology" journal. In the structure of thematic keyword groups, 13,3 % are occupied by the groups "History of Journalism and Mass Media", "Traditional Media (Television and Radio)", "Linguistics in Journalism and Media Research. Stylistics. Journalistic Texts". A comparable share (10,0 %) is held by the Regional Studies in Journalism group. In the subject of articles of the journal "Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 10. Journalism" there is a wide variety of topics and their relative equal representation. At the same time, the topic of this journal is "Artificial Intelligence", which is most often studied in 2025. Interdisciplinary Research is in second place (10,1 %), General Theoretical Issues of Journalism and Media Theory are in third (8,9 %), and Media digitalization and its consequences are slightly behind (8,2 %). Advertising and PR completes the top five with 6,9 %. The article is useful for potential authors - graduate students, faculty members in terms of choosing topics and problems for future research, as well as scientific editions for their publication.
The situation with the neutral status of Russian athletes sparked a massive, decade-long media discourse in Russian media, reviving discussions about the value of "patriotism". The 2025 Olympics, when leading Russian athletes were barred from participating in the Olympics even as neutral athletes, intensified these long-standing media debates. The relevance of this article stems not only from the scale of this media discourse but also from the fact that the "neutral status of athletes" position is becoming a factor of confrontation within the country. This media discourse reflects general political and media trends: the entanglement of sport in political confrontation and the mainstreaming of the media's role in the value agenda. Conflicting media assessments of athletes' participation in international competitions without demonstrating affiliation with their country or the possibility of using its symbols are linked to differing editorial policies regarding the interpretation of values. Specialized sports media have focused primarily on the procedural aspects of obtaining neutral status and news about the process's results. Leading socio-political media align with the official position of sports officials, arguing the need for athletes to compete under neutral status as an opportunity for self-realization and the prospect of returning to world sport. Meanwhile, self-described "patriotic" media consider neutral status a betrayal of national interests. The research objective of this article is to identify the range of positions in media discourse regarding the use of neutral status, the methods of argumentation for these positions, as well as key themes and keywords within the media discourse. Until now, scholarly discussions along the "media discourse-sport-patriotism" axis have not included the concept of "neutral status" as a factor in political confrontation, not only internationally but also domestically.
The article considers the current state of the discursive field related to demographic issues. The relevance of the study is associated with the need to identify the key narratives conveyed by the authors of video content within the framework of discussions of demographic issues. The significance of this kind of research is determined by the role assigned to modern media in shaping the audience's ideas on key issues in the socio-cultural aspect. The material of the study is the audiovisual content of new media posted on digital platforms. The chronological framework of the study is 2024-2025. Based on the discourse analysis of the audiovisual content, the key areas of media discourse development within the analyzed thematic niche are determined: the problem of increasing the birth rate; the problem of abortions; the formation of a positive image of a strong family; the problem of early marriage; the problem of mortality; the problem of migrants as, on the one hand, a way to increase the population, and on the other hand, a basis for the formation of different levels of conflicts; the problem of population outflow from the country; the problem of population decline due to objective factors. It is established that different (sometimes polar) points of view are expressed within each of the identified issues. This stimulates audience participation in the development of discourse. The comparative method allows for a comparison of narratives conveyed in audiovisual media content and narratives presented in video comments. Frequent discrepancies in value judgments are noted. Overall, the study notes a transformation in approaches to the coverage of family values in the context of government policy and specifies the main areas of discursive practices within the framework of the research agenda.
In multimodal communication, recipients are influenced by media aesthetic elements that shape the user's interaction with the digital environment and shape their emotional and sensory relationship with the displayed object. Using longreads - media texts with the highest coefficient of media aesthetic elements - as an example, this paper demonstrates how media aesthetics influences message perception. In this paper, the author draws on a methodology developed by researchers at European centers for the study of multimodal communication, John Bateman, Janine Wildfeuer, and Tuomo Hippal. The article presents a cataloging of the media aesthetic elements of Lenta.ru longreads based on frequency and modality. The principle of the recipient's immersion in the digital space allowed for the formation of a core and periphery of the elements of the media aesthetic field. The longreads of the Lenta.ru publication, which served as the empirical basis for the study, are defined as ergodic materials with a multi-route textual labyrinth that predetermines individual narrative choices. It was found that the media-aesthetic elements of the longreads are aimed at eliminating mutability and influence the temporal perception of the text. The study concludes with a presentation of a focus group survey, the purpose of which was to understand whether the younger generation, immersed in the digital communications environment, recognizes the significance of media-aesthetic elements. Focus group research revealed that the aestheticization of content is an important factor in information perception at various stages of reading: from motivation to completion and continued interest in such texts. The applied approach, based on a combination of various methods, demonstrated that the role of media aesthetics is multifaceted: motivating reading, complementing the verbal level with meaning, eliminating mutability, influencing temporal perception, and maintaining emotional interest in the message.
This article examines the key stages in the formation of the Soviet press system in Novgorod Province from 1918 to 1927. The topic of the transformation of the press system during this period is relevant, as it allows for an analysis of the development of the Soviet media system at the provincial level amid revolutionary transformations. The work's novelty lies in its identification of the specifics of the work of party mass publications in Novgorod Province under the new political conditions. Following the acute press crisis of 1920-1922, the leadership of the RCP(B) party significantly revised its press policy. In particular, the hierarchical structure of printed periodicals in the RSFSR was defined. This paper presents an analysis of three official publications of the provincial capital that formed the foundation of the Soviet-Party press system in Novgorod Province. These were the mass-market workers' and peasants' Party newspaper Zvezda, the magazine Izvestia of the Novgorod Provincial Committee of the RCP(b) for Party workers and activists, and the newspaper Krestyanskaya Zvezda. The newspapers' content reflected Bolshevik ideology, and the audience for which they were created determined the nature of their publications. Zvezda was a more generalist publication, publishing both analytical materials and literary works. Izvestia of the Novgorod Provincial Committee of the RCP(b) was a highly specialized, Party-focused, and propagandistic journal, and therefore lacked genre diversity. Krestyanskaya Zvezda published more practice-oriented articles. The study focuses on the editorial staff and the process of editorial policy formation. This work allows us to identify patterns of influence of state measures on the formation of the provincial periodical press system.
The article touches upon freedom and responsibility as fundamental categories in the theory and practice of journalism. The authors aim to understand their interpretation and forms of manifestation in the current social and professional environment, and especially in the light of the social demand to Russian journalism. The international community recognizes freedom of speech as one of the fundamental human rights, while freedom of information is an essential aspect of it. At the same time, socially beneficial media practice is based on the concept of responsible freedom of the press. The authors of the article consider the normative dimension of freedom and responsibility in relation to Russian journalism in present legal, social and professional contexts. The analysis of changes in the current legislation makes it possible to identify its qualitative dynamics in recent years, in particular, the tendency to strengthen control and increase the level of responsibility for the dissemination of information and expression of opinion. At the same time, these trends are not adequately reflected in the self-regulation practice in a professional corporation. The imperatives of the social mandate to journalism encourage making adjustments to the understanding of the relationship between freedom and responsibility, increasing the emphasis on their inseparability from each other. A clear vision of the necessary changes is provided through the prism of the civil dimension of the collision. By making a free choice in favor of solving pressing social tasks and consciously engaging in the fulfillment of a social demand, a journalist removes the contradiction between personal freedom and responsibility. Any kind of external pressure has no such effect. Therefore, while the journalist's accountability to the editorial office, the corporation and the public is undoubtedly important, he himself serves as the highest instance of responsibility for him.
