Background. Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In rural Northern Nigeria, where antenatal-care coverage is only 53 %, isolating parity-specific risk profiles is essential for the design of targeted, high-impact interventions. Purpose. To identify, stratify and compare socio-demographic, economic, nutritional and obstetric determinants of preeclampsia between nulliparous and multiparous cohorts in Jigawa State. Materials and methods. A prospective multi-centre case-control study was conducted across four public perinatal hospitals. A total of 395 pregnant women (146 preeclampsia cases and 249 normotensive controls) were enrolled and stratified into nulliparous (N = 269; 97 cases, 172 controls) and multiparous (N = 126; 49 cases, 77 controls) groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were fitted independently for each parity stratum in SPSS 27.0 to derive adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95 % confidence intervals. Results. Among nulliparous women structural barriers predominated: complete absence of formal education increased preeclampsia odds nearly nine-fold (AOR = 8.92; 95 % CI: 1.66–47.96; P = 0.012) and monthly income below ₦70 000 quadrupled risk (AOR = 3.94; 95 % CI: 1.65–9.40; P = 0.002). Frequent pre-pregnancy coffee consumption showed a strong protective effect (AOR = 0.12; 95 % CI: 0.03–0.57; P = 0.007). Among multiparous women the risk profile shifted predominantly to biological and reproductive stressors: maternal anemia (AOR = 2.69; 95 % CI: 1.00–7.20; P = 0.049), short interpregnancy interval (< 2 years; AOR = 2.68; 95 % CI: 1.00–7.20; P = 0.049) and partner change (AOR = 2.80; 95 % CI: 1.10–7.15; P = 0.032). General Hospital Jahun accounted for 56.2 % of all recorded cases. Conclusion. Preeclampsia in Northern Nigeria follows distinct parity-specific pathways. Nulliparous women are primarily endangered by socio-economic barriers, while multiparous women are threatened by cumulative biological depletion. Health systems must therefore adopt stratified antenatal screening and resource-allocation strategies.
Обоснование. Лигнокислоты (ЛК) – побочный продукт каталитического окисления растительного сырья в ванилин и целлюлозу. По составу они схожи с гуминовыми кислотами и могут обладать ростостимулирующей активностью. Поэтому изучение ростостимулирующих свойств ЛК для сельскохозяйственных растений представляется актуальным. Цель. Изучение влияния условий окисления растительного сырья различных видов и условий проращивания редиса на ростостимулирующие свойства выделенных ЛК. Материалы и методы. Оценивалась ростостимулирующая активность ЛК, выделенных из различных субстратов, на семенах редиса Raphanus sativus var radicula в лабораторных условиях при проращивании на фильтровальной бумаге. Оценивались энергия прорастания, всхожесть, длины корней и гипокотиля редиса, усреднённый и максимальный ростостимулирующий эффект (РСЭ). Результаты. Все выделенные ЛК обладают значительным ростостимулирующим эффектом (РСЭ): отношение длины корней, выросших на седьмые-восьмые сутки под действием ЛК и в контроле имеет значение РСЭ = 1,3-2,0. Ростостимулирующий эффект возрастает в ряду РСЭ(ЛК Осины) << РСЭ(ЛК Костры льна) ≈ РСЭ(ЛК Соломы пшеницы) ≈ РСЭ(ЛК Сосны). Ростостимулирующий эффект оптимальных концентраций ЛК частично маскируется ингибирующим эффектом их высоких концентраций.
Background. The intensification of livestock production and the use of a limited number of highly valuable sires lead to the accumulation of lethal mutations and hereditary abnormalities in cattle populations. This reduces the economic efficiency of the industry due to calf mortality, decreased fertility, and reduced productive longevity of animals. The problem is particularly relevant for the Simmental breed, which is widely used in various production directions. Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge, diagnostic methods, prevalence, and control systems for major hereditary diseases in Simmental cattle and related populations to assess the genetic load and the effectiveness of selection and prevention programs. Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of scientific publications from 2015–2025, breeding records, and DNA diagnostics results (PCR, whole-genome sequencing, SNP genotyping) of sires and breeding stock. Data from Russia, European countries (Germany, Switzerland), and Asia (China, Turkey) were reviewed. The frequency of mutations was assessed for the following abnormalities: arachnomelia (A), bull subfertility (BNS), zinc-dependent dermatosis (ZLD), thrombopathy (TP), dwarfism (GON4L), and lethal haplotypes (BH2, FH2, FH4). Results. It was found that among Simmental cattle imported into Russia, the proportion of carriers of genetic abnormalities reached 34.8%, which is more than twice the average European rate (15.5%). The highest concentration of mutations was identified in the lines of sires Redad (45.3%) and Metz (41.3%). Among Russian cows – descendants of such sires – 19.3% of animals were carriers. In China and Turkey, the spread of arachnomelia (MOCS1 gene mutation) was recorded, associated with the use of the bull Romel. In contrast, in Switzerland, where strict genomic monitoring is implemented, the frequency of thrombopathy is only 0.24%, and Fanconi-Bickel syndrome – 0.03%. For each abnormality considered, the inheritance type and clinical-pathogenetic features are detailed.
Background. Currently, the validation of consumer spending forecasts for pharmacy products is insufficiently studied in terms of big data analysis (Big Data). The systematic collection and analysis of large amounts of data on consumer behavior is a key step in the targeted marketing of pharmacy organizations, which helps to increase the speed of response to changing market trends. Purpose. Validation of consumer spending forecasts for pharmacy products for targeted marketing purposes. Materials and methods. The forecast model was built by analyzing transactions in 1,121 pharmacy organizations for the period 2018-2023. Statistical data processing was carried out using specialized computer programs: transaction data was collected using sqlalchemy (sql server) - pd.read_sql; data processing and storage were carried out using pd.read_feather; data preprocessing was carried out using the pandas and numpy libraries, difflib, pymystem3, sklearn, networkx, re, and timezonefinder; modeling was carried out using sklearn, xgboost, catboost, and scipy. Results. During the study, the actual average monetary expenditures of consumers were divided into minimum-necessary, standard, comfortable, and optional expenditures. The calculated interquartile range was 44294.46 RUB. Using artificial intelligence algorithms, the expenses of consumers of pharmacy products were modeled based on data from previous periods. The segmentation of consumers of pharmacy products was carried out based on the following criteria: number of consumers, average check amount, total revenue, average revenue per customer, and analysis of the forecast of consumer spending on pharmacy products based on big data. For 31.93% of consumer forecasts of total expenses (before taking into account margins), the decision deviated from the fact by less than 1,000 rubles, and for 51.87% of forecasts, by less than 2,000 rubles (cumulative). The results of the study partially confirmed the hypothesis. The use of machine learning technologies allows for reliable predictions of the volume of purchases of pharmacy products for the categories of essential and standard expenses. However, the hypothesis was not confirmed for comfortable and optional expenses. Nevertheless, the analysis of the accuracy of the prediction based on machine learning technologies showed its high reliability, and the error in predicting the total expenses of most consumers was insignificant.
Background. Many introduced forage species adapt well to changing natural environments, including those from the genus Aconogonon L. The species is Aconogonum (Polygonum) divaricatum L. Nakai ex T. Mori has been successfully introduced into feed production in Northern Kazakhstan, which is an important area. Purpose. To increase seed productivity and improve seed characteristics of Aconogonum d. (L.) fruits between varieties with different shapes. Methods and materials. The study material includes the fruits of Aconogonum (Polygonum) divaricatum L. Nakai ex T. Mori of two varieties: 1. triangular-shaped fruits - control, dimensions: 3 * 5, the weight of 1000 fruits is 12.2-13.8 g, the yield is 0.5 t / ha. 2. round-shaped fruits formed by the method of natural cross-pollination of the fruits of the Chaglinsky variety. Fruit dimensions: 5 * 5, the weight of 1000 fruits is 12.2-13.8 g. The fruit yield is 0.7 t / ha. Research methods: the morphological and productive properties of fruits were taken into account, such as their size, mm; weight of 1000 fruits, g; fruit yield, t/ha. Observations were made on the dynamics of fruit ripening and the identification of seed categories. The records in the experiment were carried out according to the methodological guidelines for field experiments with forage crops (Moscow: VIK, 1983). Results. Fruit ripening in the round variety occurs faster than in the triangular variety. At wax ripeness, the ratio is 45 to 28, while at full ripeness, the ratio is 72 to 43, a 1.6-fold increase. Overall, the control variety produces more fruits in its inflorescences - 276. Among the productive elements, bud formation is actively developing - 123 fruits, followed by flower formation - 50 fruits. The round variety produced fewer ripe fruits - 234 fruits and the generative process increases from bud formation (27 fruits) to fully formed fruits (58 fruits). A comparative assessment between the varieties showed that more puny fruits were formed in triangular-shaped inflorescences - 7.2% to 3% in rounded-shaped inflorescences. Conclusion. The size, weight, and number of fruits in each inflorescence have a direct effect on fruit yield. In a variety with rounded fruits with the following indicators: 5 * 5 mm; 14 g, 96.2%, the fruit yield was 0.9 t/ha, which is higher than in the control variant (respectively, 3*5 mm, 11 g, 90.7%) with the fruit yield of 0.7 t/ha. It is recommended to cultivate Aconogonum divaricatum (L.) Nakai ex T. Mori with round fruits, characterized by stable seed productivity with large-sized fruits for mass seed propagation in order to produce different types of feed.
