Objective: The primary objective of this study was to examine how individuals undergoing active addiction treatment conceptualize the meaning of recovery and to identify key recovery indicators through a holistic perspective based on their subjective experiences. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed with 67 male participants enrolled in a residential treatment program through written responses to two open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify core themes and codes related to the meaning of recovery and its reflections across various life domains. Results: The study findings are organized under two main themes, "The Meaning of Treatment" and "Indicators of Recovery," comprising a total of 30 sub-themes. The results demonstrate that recovery is a multidimensional process of "reconstruction" occurring across six primary domains: physical, cognitive, affective, behavioral, social, and moral. Within the physical domain, regaining health and improvements in physical appearance emerged as key indicators; in the cognitive domain, developing insight into understanding addiction and self-awareness were identified. The affective domain highlighted emotion regulation skills and self-compassion, while the behavioral domain emphasized the establishment of a structured life routine and avoidance of risky environments. In the social domain, the restoration of familial bonds and establishing healthy communication were central, whereas the moral domain defined honesty and taking responsibility as fundamental components of the effort to become a better person." Ultimately, these findings illustrate that the recovery journey represents an integrative maturation process, shifting the focus from clinical symptom management toward the reclamation of a meaningful and virtuous identity within society. Conclusion: This study reveals that recovery in addiction is not merely the cessation of substance use but a multidimensional process of reconstruction. The findings indicate that recovery possesses a broad and inclusive framework extending from the physical to the moral domain. It is suggested that future academic studies and clinical practices should take this diversity and multidimensional structure into account to better meet the holistic needs of individuals.
Objective: Photo-based social media and photo-editing tools have become widespread, raising concerns about their impact on body image. This study aimed to investigate how photo-based social media use, photo-related behaviors, and satisfaction with one’s own appearance relate to body appreciation, social appearance anxiety, and interest in cosmetic procedures among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 98 medical students. Participants completed validated measures of body appreciation, social appearance anxiety, depression, and anxiety, along with self-report items on social media use and photo-related behaviors. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, depression, and anxiety scores. Results: Participants who reported greater satisfaction with their own photos exhibited significantly higher body appreciation scores. Spending more time on photo-based social media was associated with lower body appreciation. Contemplating cosmetic procedures was associated with higher social appearance anxiety. Female participants exhibited significantly lower body appreciation and higher social appearance anxiety compared to male participants. Conclusion: The quality of time spent on photo-based social media platforms is as important as the quantity. Monitoring digital behaviors in non-clinical populations may be important for early interventions. Longitudinal studies in different populations are needed.
Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. However, the diagnostic utility of inflammatory biomarkers in distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective study included 810 inpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n = 444) or unipolar depression (n = 366). Inflammatory markers, including CRP, neutrophil count, NLR, SII, and SIRI, were obtained within 24 hours of admission. Group comparisons, hierarchical logistic regression analyses, ROC analyses, and multivariable linear regression models were performed. Results: Inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in bipolar mania compared to depressive groups. In logistic regression analyses restricted to depressive episodes, higher NLR (OR = 1.21, p = .004), SII (OR = 1.0006, p = .003), and SIRI (OR = 1.21, p = .021) were associated with bipolar depression; however, effect sizes were modest. Clinical variables, including hospitalization history and treatment exposure, demonstrated stronger associations with diagnostic classification. ROC analyses revealed poor discriminative performance for all markers (AUCs ≈ 0.55). In linear regression models, hospitalization frequency, lithium, and antipsychotic use were not associated with inflammatory markers, whereas valproic acid use was associated with lower levels (all p < .001). Conclusion: Although inflammatory markers are associated with bipolar disorder, their ability to distinguish bipolar from unipolar depression is limited. These findings suggest that inflammatory biomarkers reflect state-dependent processes rather than stable diagnostic differences and therefore have limited value as standalone diagnostic tools.
Objective: Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) is a rare pediatric epileptic encephalopathy characterized by the abrupt or gradual loss of previously acquired language abilities and epileptiform EEG abnormalities. The syndrome poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its clinical overlap with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Symptoms such as language regression, reduced eye contact, impaired social interaction, and stereotypical behaviors are often misinterpreted as indicators of ASD. However, distinct EEG findings and a history of sudden developmental regression are key to differential diagnosis. This article presents a male child who initially exhibited symptoms consistent with ASD but was ultimately diagnosed with LKS following a detailed evaluation and EEG findings; the clinical improvement process with antiepileptic treatment and concurrent individualized special education support is discussed. Case Presentation: A 5-year and 8-month-old boy was referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic due to regression in speech, reduced social interaction, poor eye contact, stereotypic behaviors, and newly emerging agitation. His developmental history indicated age-appropriate milestones until age five, followed by a gradual loss of expressive language and social withdrawal. Neurological examination revealed no history of clinical seizures; however, sleep EEG showed epileptiform discharges originating bilaterally from frontotemporal regions. Brain MRI demonstrated non-specific hyperintensities in the bilateral posterior periventricular white matter. Auditory brainstem response testing indicated normal auditory pathways. Prolonged sleep EEG demonstrated electrical status epilepticus during sleep, occupying more than 85% of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (spike–wave index >85%), and the clinical findings were evaluated within the LKS/epilepsy–aphasia spectrum. Antiepileptic treatment was initiated in a stepwise manner with valproic acid and levetiracetam, and clobazam was introduced as targeted therapy for LKS. Due to an insufficient response on follow-up EEG, oral prednisolone therapy was initiated and continued with gradual dose tapering. At the same time, individualized special education and speech therapy were provided. Within the first few months of treatment, marked improvements were observed in EEG findings, language production, and social engagement. Conclusion: This case report describes a child who initially presented with symptoms overlapping with ASD but was ultimately diagnosed with LKS following comprehensive clinical and neurophysiological evaluation. LKS may mimic ASD through language regression and social communication difficulties; therefore, early recognition of late-onset mutism or aphasia-like symptoms following a period of typical development may facilitate timely identification of underlying epilepsy–aphasia spectrum disorders and enable earlier appropriate interventions.
Objective: Vaccination rates among individuals with mental disorders are lower than in the general population. It is important to understand attitudes towards vaccination among groups with pre-existing mental disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the perception of COVID-19 disease and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination among individuals who applied to the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a district state hospital in Eastern Türkiye. Methods: The study sample consisted of 222 participants. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, the COVID-19 Disease Perception Scale, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes Scale. Descriptive statistical methods were employed alongside Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H, and Spearman\'s Rho Correlation Analyses. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.45±18.01 years, with 72.5% being female. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 70.7% of participants, depressive disorders in 16.2%, psychotic disorders in 5.9%, obsessive-compulsive disorders in 3.2%, and other diagnoses (including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, and substance use disorders) in 4.1%. %. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between the subscales of perceived "Dangerousness" and "Contagiousness" and "Positive- Negative" attitudes toward vaccination (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with mental disorders who perceive COVID-19 as contagious and dangerous are more likely to have a positive attitude toward vaccination. The healthcare professionals should prioritize individuals with mental disorders when educating the public on the importance of vaccination during pandemics.
Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescents, with emotion regulation difficulties recognized as a central feature of this behavior. However, the contribution of sensory processing characteristics—particularly when considered alongside the temporal dimensions of anxiety—remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to explore the associations between sensory profiles, anxiety, and emotion regulation in adolescents engaging in NSSI. Methods: The sample comprised 50 adolescents aged 11–17 years (M = 14.70, SD = 1.52), all of whom completed the Adolescent Sensory Profile (ASP), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Findings indicated that participants exhibited elevated scores in the sensory sensitivity, low registration, and sensory avoidance quadrants of the ASP. Importantly, regression analysis showed that both low registration (β = 0.94, p < .001) and trait anxiety (β = 0.57, p = .038) showed significant positive associations with emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusion: These findings underscore the unique difficulties in the sensory profile and suggest the critical role of bottom-up sensory processing patterns in underlying emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents with NSSI. Addressing sensory issues in therapeutic settings may improve emotional dysregulation and reduce self-injurious behaviors in adolescents with NSSI.
Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool (BDSST) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of 510 university students. Methods: Following internationally accepted scale adaptation procedures, the tool was translated and subjected to a validation process. Participants completed the Turkish BDSST, which assesses subjective distress related to daily stressors experienced within the past 12 months. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the structural validity of the scale, and criterion-related validity was assessed through associations with depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being measures. Internal consistency and item-total correlations were also calculated. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the scale in the Turkish context. Internal consistency was high, and all items demonstrated meaningful item-total correlations. The Turkish BDSST showed statistically significant associations with depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being, providing evidence for criterion-related validity. Conclusion: The Turkish BDSST is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing daily stressors and related psychological distress. Its brevity and practical design make it suitable for both research and clinical applications. Further studies are recommended to examine its utility across more diverse populations and its predictive value over time.
This corrigendum refers to the article titled âOxytocin Plasma Concentrations in Male Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relationship with Aggression and Empathy Skillsâ published in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (2021;11(4):227â"234. https://doi.org/10.5455/ PBS.20210513115734). Following the publication of the article, an error was identified in the dates reported in the Methods section. The correct statement should read as follows: âThis study enrolled 32 drug-naive boys aged between 8 and 15 years, who were diagnosed with ASD after presenting to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic, between the dates 10.03.2017 and 01.11.2017.â This correction does not affect the results or conclusions of the study. [PBS 2026; 16(2.000): 0-0]
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between compassion fatigue, psychological resilience, and work-family life balance among healthcare professionals, and to determine whether these variables differ significantly according to professional group and the unit of employment. Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 469 healthcare professionals (115 physicians, 143 nurses, 106 licensed healthcare professionals, and 105 other healthcare personnel) working in the province of Sivas and reached through an online survey. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Work-Family Life Balance Scale. Data analysis included independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Tamhane post hoc multiple comparison tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Healthcare professionals were found to have moderate levels of compassion fatigue and work-family life balance, and high levels of psychological resilience. Psychological resilience differed significantly across professional groups, with higher levels observed among licensed healthcare professionals; however, it did not differ significantly according to the unit of employment. Compassion fatigue varied significantly by both professional group and unit, with higher levels identified among physicians and those working in surgical units. Work-family life balance was significantly higher among outpatient clinic staff. Furthermore, a moderate, negative correlation was found between compassion fatigue and psychological resilience; a moderate, negative correlation between compassion fatigue and work-family life balance; and a weak, positive correlation between psychological resilience and work-family life balance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that psychological resilience functions as a protective factor for healthcare professionals, whereas compassion fatigue exerts a detrimental effect on work-family life balance. Accordingly, institutional and individual interventions aimed at strengthening psychological resilience may contribute to reducing compassion fatigue and supporting work-family life balance.
Objective: The whole world has fought the pandemic process and its effects. This problem has affected people psychologically and physically. To slow these effects, the importance of safety measures has been emphasized. This study aimed to evaluate psychological distress levels and compliance with safety measures of people who applied for psychological/psychiatric help during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine social, cognitive, and emotional factors related to them. In line with this purpose, a social-cognitive model was developed. Methods: 298 participants who applied to a psychologist/psychiatrist during the pandemic completed self-report measures assessing stress levels, intolerance of uncertainty, risk perception, affect, coping strategies, social trust, media exposure, family members' and friends' worries, attitudes toward safety measures, psychological distress, and compliance behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, regression analyses, and Hayes' PROCESS macro to test mediation effects. In addition, the proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling with AMOS 24. Results: Cognitive factors (stress levels and intolerance of uncertainty) and negative affect directly predicted psychological distress. Negative affect also significantly mediated the relationships between social factors (social trust, family/friends' worry, media exposure) and psychological distress. Compliance with safety measures was predicted by risk perception, positive attitudes toward measures, and functional coping as cognitive factors, and social trust and media exposure as social factors. Conclusion: The results underline the critical role of social, cognitive, and emotional factors in shaping psychological and behavioral outcomes during crises. Mediation analyses also show that social-cognitive factors influence psychological outcomes through negative affect.
Objective: The connection between oxytocin and testosterone levels and impulsivity in Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a subject that has not been thoroughly explored. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and the levels of oxytocin and testosterone in individuals with ASPD. Methods: The present research examined and compared the levels of impulsivity between healthy controls and patients diagnosed with ASPD, utilizing the Short Form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF). Furthermore, blood samples were also drawn from the two groups to analyze and compare the hormone levels of oxytocin and testosterone between them. Then, the association of these hormone levels with impulsivity in both groups was assessed. The total sample involved 73 participants: 37 patients and 36 controls. Results: The findings of our study indicate that all subtypes of impulsivity are elevated in individuals diagnosed with ASPD when compared to healthy controls (p <0.001). Patients with ASPD exhibited significantly reduced levels of oxytocin and testosterone in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). No correlation was observed between BIS-11-SF scores and oxytocin. Conversely, a negative correlation was identified between Barratt 4 and 7 and testosterone levels. Conclusion: Our findings, including the observation of reduced levels of oxytocin and testosterone hormones in individuals diagnosed with APSD when compared to healthy controls, and the identification of a negative correlation between Barratt 4 and 7 and testosterone levels, indicate a negative relationship between impulsivity and testosterone hormone levels in these individuals.
Objective: Problematic internet use (PIU) has become a serious public health issue, especially among adolescents. While previous studies have examined adolescents' and parents' perspectives on PIU in community-based samples, no study has investigated these perceptions in a clinical sample. This study aimed to compare adolescents' self-reports with parents' assessments of their children's PIU levels among adolescents attending a child psychiatry clinic. We also aimed to examine differences in PIU levels across various psychiatric diagnoses and to determine the associations between PIU reported by adolescents and their parents and mental disorders in adolescents, parental PIU, and sociodemographic factors. Methods: The study included 174 adolescents and their parents. Adolescents completed the Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) for self-assessment of PIU, while parents filled out the Family-Child Internet Addiction Scale (PCIAT) to evaluate their children's PIU and the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) to assess parental PIU. Results: Mean PIU scores did not differ significantly between adolescent self-reports and parent-reports. However, YIAS and PCIAT scores significantly varied across different psychiatric diagnoses. Regression analyses indicated that eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, specific learning disorders, and a higher number of siblings predicted higher adolescent-reported PIU (YIAS). Higher parental PIU, lower grade level, and living in a broken family predicted higher parent-reported PIU (PCIAT). Conclusion: The study observed significant discrepancies between adolescent and parent reports. This is the first research to evaluate both adolescents' self-reports and parent-reports of PIU in a clinical sample. Given the inconsistencies in PIU studies, the findings highlight the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and reliable assessment tools for PIU.
Objective: To examine the associations between somatic symptoms, emotional features (alexithymia), and cognitive functions (specifically, premorbid intelligence and verbal fluency) among patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic. While previous studies have frequently linked somatization with emotional dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction, these relationships have not been adequately evaluated in diverse clinical populations encompassing multiple psychiatric diagnoses. Our study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing these variables in a heterogeneous patient sample. Methods: A total of 72 patients (62.5% female; mean age = 34.35 +/- 12.59 years) attending a university hospital psychiatric outpatient clinic were recruited to this study. The diagnoses included anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form and validated psychometric instruments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) to assess somatic symptom severity, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) to evaluate alexithymia, the Verbal Fluency Test, and the National Adult Reading Test-Turkish version (NART-TR) to estimate premorbid intelligence. Participants were grouped into high and low somatization categories based on their PHQ-15 scores. Comparative analyses and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive factors. Results: Patients with high somatic symptoms displayed significantly elevated TAS-20 total scores, particularly in the Difficulty Identifying Feelings and Difficulty Describing Feelings subscales (p < 0.001). Higher premorbid intelligence, reflected by lower NART-TR error scores, was significantly associated with greater somatic symptom severity (B =-0.21, p = 0.007). Verbal fluency showed a weak positive correlation with somatization (r = 0.237, p < 0.05) but was not a significant predictor in the regression model (p = 0.976). Male sex was a significant negative predictor (B =-4.47, p = 0.002), while the presence of acute psychiatric disorder positively predicted somatization severity (B = 4.75, p = 0.006). The final regression model accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in somatic symptom scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Somatization is intricately linked to emotional processing deficits, as reflected by high alexithymia scores, and correlates with higher premorbid cognitive capacity. Thus, individuals with higher cognitive functioning may exhibit increased somatic concerns, potentially due to enhanced interoceptive awareness or heightened attention to physical symptoms. However, verbal fluency did not emerge as a significant predictor, underscoring the nuanced role of specific cognitive domains in somatization. Clinically, the results highlight the need to assess both emotional awareness and cognitive characteristics when addressing somatic symptoms in psychiatric populations. Future research should further explore these associations using larger, diagnostically stratified samples and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Objective: Maladaptive daydreaming is described as a mental health condition characterized by prolonged, excessive daydreaming sessions involving complex and vivid imaginary scenarios. Maladaptive daydreaming sessions are often accompanied by kinesthetic and repetitive movements and/or musical stimuli. As in other psychopathologies, maladaptive daydreaming has distressing aspects—such as time consumption, stigmatization, and addiction— that make it qualitatively different from regular mind wandering. It has high rates of comorbidity with other psychopathologies, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, and dissociative disorders. Currently, maladaptive daydreaming is proposed to be categorized as a dissociative disorder. Although it has recently started to attract research interest, research addressing its cognitive aspects is scarce. To fill this gap in the literature, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between maladaptive daydreaming and episodic memory. Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight (Mage=22.39, SDage=3.39, 72.22% female) participants were recruited through snowball sampling. They were expected to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16 TR), the Positivity and Negativity Affect Scale (PANAS), and the episodic memory task online via Qualtrics. The episodic memory task is composed of encoding, recall, and recognition phases. In the encoding phase, participants were expected to learn 44 word pairs. In the recall phase, one word from each pair was presented in a random order, and participants were expected to remember the missing word and type it. In the recognition phase, in a forced-choice question format, the correct word with three alternatives was presented for each word pair that could not be correctly recalled by participants in the recall phase. Participants were expected to select the correct choice. Results: In line with the previous research, a positive correlation was found between maladaptive daydreaming score and depression score, r(198) = .31, p < .001. Partial Pearson’s correlation analyses with the depression score as a covariate demonstrated no significant correlation between maladaptive daydreaming score, and recall and recognition performance, r(195) = .09, p = .21; r(195) = .02, p =.79 respectively. In addition, no significant partial correlation was observed between the maladaptive daydreaming score and the total accuracy score, r(195) = .08, p =.24. Conclusion: While a high comorbidity has been found between maladaptive daydreaming and depression, results suggest that there was no relationship between maladaptive daydreaming and episodic memory. The findings were discussed in terms of the regularity of daydreaming, its comorbidity with depression, and the new acknowledgment of maladaptive daydreaming as a mental health condition.
Objective: This narrative review aims to examine the psychological impact of edentulism and its effects on oral healthâ"related quality of life, with particular focus on how different dental rehabilitation approaches influence emotional well-being and social functioning. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, including quantitative studies using validated quality-of-life instruments and qualitative research exploring patient experiences related to edentulism, complete dentures, and implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Results: The literature consistently shows that edentulism is associated with reduced self-esteem, social withdrawal, anxiety, and impaired quality of life. Dental rehabilitation generally improves oral function and daily comfort. Implant-supported prostheses are associated with greater improvements in chewing ability, self-confidence, and psychosocial functioning compared with conventional complete dentures. However, psychological outcomes vary between individuals and are influenced by baseline mental health, coping strategies, expectations, and social support. Conclusion: Edentulism has significant psychological and social consequences beyond functional impairment. Dental rehabilitation, particularly implant-supported treatment, can improve quality of life, but outcomes are not uniform. A biopsychosocial, patient-centered approach that considers psychological factors alongside clinical success is essential for optimizing rehabilitation outcomes. [PBS 2026; 16(2.000): 65-71]
Objective: This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between online shopping addiction and stress coping styles of university students. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 644 participants selected from the Health Services Vocational School students in X University. While collecting data, "Introductory Information Form", "Online Shopping Addiction Scale (OSAS)", and "Ways of Coping Scale (WOCS)" were used, and the data were collected by applying an online survey form to the participants. Results: The total mean score of OSAS was found to be 38.21 +/- 11.78. The WOCS self-confident approach sub-dimension was determined as 13.23 +/- 4.48, the WOCS helpless approach 12.13 +/- 5.09, the WOCS optimistic approach 8.08 +/- 3.35, the WOCS seeking social support 6.45 +/- 2.19, and finally the WOCS submissive approach 6.39 +/- 3.41. A statistically significant correlation was found between participants' total scores and the WOCS sub-dimensions: a negative association with the self-confident approach (rs =-0.097, p = .010), positive with the helpless approach (rs = 0.198, p < .001) and the submissive approach (rs = 0.118, p = .003), and negative with the seeking social support approach (rs =-0.093, p = .018). It was determined that as the online shopping addiction level of the university students included in the study increased, the level of self confidence and social support-seeking approaches as a style of coping with stress decreased. Conclusion: It is thought that the results of the research will guide university students to learn correct and effective strategies in coping with stress and will provide awareness of risk factors in online shopping addiction.
Objective: Platelets and neutrophils play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and acute ischemic stroke. Circulating leukocyte-platelet aggregates in peripheral blood have been proposed as potential biomarkers of platelet activation. The platelet-to-leukocyte ratio (PLR) may reflect stroke severity and prognosis in patients undergoing intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PLR, treatment response, and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with IV rtPA. Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with AIS and treated with IV rtPA were included. PLR values were calculated from peripheral blood samples obtained before and 24 hours after treatment. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at baseline and 24 hours post-thrombolysis. A favorable treatment response was defined as a >= 4-point reduction in NIHSS score or a 24-hour NIHSS <= 1. Prognosis was assessed at the 90-day follow-up using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with a good prognosis defined as mRS <= 3. Results: NIHSS scores significantly decreased 24 hours after rtPA administration (p < 0.001). PLR values also showed a significant reduction following treatment (p = 0.002). However, the magnitude of PLR reduction was not significantly associated with treatment response (p = 0.08). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for PLR as a prognostic marker yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.36-0.66; p = 0.89), indicating no significant predictive value for 90-day outcomes. Conclusion: Although PLR was not significantly associated with treatment response or prognosis in this study, it may still represent an early and potentially useful biomarker in AIS patients receiving IV rtPA therapy. Larger, prospective, randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the prognostic value of PLR in this patient population.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and cognitive flexibility in adolescents and to evaluate the determining role of psychiatric factors in this association. Methods: A case-control study design was employed, including 30 female adolescents with a history of suicide attempt within the past year and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), the Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS). Results: Adolescents with suicide attempts showed significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and disruptive behaviors. While cognitive flexibility scores did not differ significantly between groups, within the suicidal attempt group, lower cognitive flexibility was significantly associated with higher emotional and behavioral problems. Regression analysis revealed that depression and anxiety symptoms were significant predictors of reduced cognitive flexibility only among adolescents with suicide attempts. Conclusion: The findings suggest that suicidal behavior in adolescents may be linked not only to psychiatric symptoms but also to deficits in executive functioning. However, reduced cognitive flexibility appears to act as a potential risk factor only within the suicidal attempt group, underscoring the need for interventions that address executive functions in the prevention of adolescent suicide risk.
Objective: Sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia are critical factors influencing daily life experiences and overall functionality. This study aims to investigate sensory processing difficulties in schizophrenia patients and their relationship with clinical features. Methods: The study included 66 schizophrenia patients and 83 healthy controls. Sensory responsiveness was assessed using the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire (SRQ), and clinical features were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Results: Schizophrenia patients had significantly lower SRQ-Hedonic scores compared to healthy controls (p = 0.042), while their SRQAversive scores were significantly higher (p = 0.001). SRQ-Total scores were also higher in the schizophrenia group, with borderline significance (p = 0.050). Correlation analyses revealed that SRQ-Hedonic scores were negatively correlated with negative symptoms (p = 0.003) and positively correlated with age of illness onset (p = 0.042). In contrast, SRQ-Aversive scores showed positive correlations with negative symptoms (p = 0.001) and general psychopathology symptoms (p = 0.001). Regression analyses showed that PANSS-Negative symptoms were the strongest predictor of SRQ scores (r = -0.346, p = 0.010 for SRQ-Hedonic; r = 0.599, p = 0.020 for SRQ-Aversive). Conclusion: Sensory processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are strongly associated with negative symptoms and general psychopathology. Managing sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia patients may contribute to developing new treatment approaches.
