Abstract Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the tongue are rare vascular entities that pose a significant risk of severe hemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. We report the case of a 93-year-old male presenting with recurrent, life-threatening glossal bleeding following minor trauma. The lesion was successfully managed via transarterial embolization using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. Complete nidal exclusion was achieved, resulting in immediate cessation of hemorrhage and satisfactory wound healing at 1-month follow-up. This case highlights the efficacy, safety, and minimally invasive profile of liquid embolic agents in managing emergent head and neck vascular pathology in high-risk geriatric populations.
In the context of China's ongoing health care reform, standardized residency training in Interventional Radiology (IR) is undergoing a transformation from procedure-based instruction to competency-oriented education. This article provides a narrative overview of the current structure of IR residency programs, identifies key challenges in curriculum design, faculty development, and quality assurance, and proposes a competency-based framework that aligns training objectives, content modules, teaching methods, assessment criteria, and evaluation mechanisms. The proposed model aims to enhance clinical competency, promote training consistency, and establish a sustainable foundation for the long-term development of IR education in China.
Abstract The aim of the study is to evaluate effectiveness of normal saline tract sealing in reducing pneumothorax incidence during CT-guided lung biopsy compared with no specific intervention. A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted with 148 patients undergoing CT-guided lung biopsy, randomized into two groups: saline sealing (Group A, n = 75) and no sealing (Group B, n = 73). All procedures were performed by an experienced radiologist using standardized protocol. Normal saline (4 mL) was instilled into needle tract during withdrawal in Group A, while Group B underwent standard needle withdrawal without any intervention. The primary outcome was incidence of pneumothorax, assessed on post-procedure CT. Risk factors for pneumothorax were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Incidence of pneumothorax was lower in saline group (12.0%) compared with the no-saline group (24.7%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.075). No patients in either group required chest tube drainage. Multivariate analysis identified saline sealing as significant protective factor (OR = 0.298, 95% CI: 0.104–0.853, p = 0.024). Procedural factors, including lateral needle puncture (OR = 8.664, 95% CI: 1.469–51.098, p = 0.017) and four pleural punctures (OR = 10.785, 95% CI: 1.119–103.951, p = 0.040), were associated with increased pneumothorax risk. Normal saline tract sealing effectively reduces pneumothorax risk in CT-guided lung biopsy and is simple and cost-effective. These findings support its broader adoption, with further multicenter studies recommended to validate results and optimize technique.
