Abstract The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by spinal nerves from C5 to T1 and is responsible for upper limb function. The complex anatomy and the relatively rare need for imaging makes it particularly challenging for radiologists, often causing it to be the last case selected from the shared worklist. In this paper, we aim to demystify the challenges of brachial plexus imaging. MRI is particularly favored as an imaging tool due to its strength in visualizing soft tissue details. Brachial plexopathies are generally categorized into traumatic and nontraumatic. Nontraumatic causes include tumors such as neurofibromas and schwannomas, and inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. This review is designed to bolster the capabilities of radiologists, providing them with imaging strategies and essential insights for diagnosing brachial plexopathies.
Abstract The Bosniak classification system for cystic renal masses has undergone a significant update in 2019 to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve clinical management. This manuscript reviews the updated criteria, emphasizing the importance of using precise terminology based on imaging characteristics. It discusses the clinical impact, including improved specificity for malignancy, reduced unnecessary follow-ups of benign lesions, and increased efficient patient management. Radiologists should understand and utilize this updated version, in order to provide more accurate diagnoses and therefore help physicians make informed decisions regarding cystic renal masses.
Abstract Hemangioma is widely prevalent in the literature, frequently misused to describe other vascular-origin lesions that exhibit distinct characteristics, affect different organs, and follow diverse clinical courses. This misapplication can lead to confusion and misdiagnosis, underscoring the need for clear differentiation. To address this issue, our article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various vascular anomalies, classified according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). We delineate the distinct types of vascular lesions, emphasizing the radiological and clinical differences between vascular tumors and vascular malformations and the subtypes of these groups.
Abstract Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may require advanced care with a wide variety of support lines, tubes, and devices. These patients have frequently undergone recent surgical intervention and are more prone to develop complications which the radiologist needs to recognize. The purpose of this article is to review various rare or unexpected pathologies and pitfalls which may be encountered when interpreting ICU chest radiographs as well as to provide relevant background information, important clinical history, and crucial imaging characteristics.
Abstract Breast fibromatosis (BF) is a rare disease of monoclonal fibroblast proliferation, accounting for only 0.2% of all breast tumors. It behaves unpredictably, in some cases becoming locally aggressive and therefore can be a source of significant morbidity. Fibromatosis cannot reliably be distinguished with imaging from more aggressive malignancies such as spindle cell-type metaplastic carcinoma, and therefore, core needle biopsies are integral to definitive diagnosis. Appropriate management of BF is an evolving topic. Historically, BF was treated with extensive surgical resection. However, newer management guidelines recommend initiating a 1- to 2-year period of active surveillance before resorting to systemic medical therapy, surgical resection, and/or radiotherapy. Radiologists play an integral role in arriving at diagnosis, determining concordance, and triaging affected patients for treatment. This article aims to review the current literature on the diagnosis and management of fibromatosis of the breast, with a focus on imaging features and the latest therapeutic options.
