La mucite orale est une inflammation de la muqueuse de la cavité orale d’étiologies diverses. C’est une complication fréquente et invalidante chez les enfants subissant le traitement par chimio-radiothérapie pour les cancers de la tête et du cou. Sa prise en charge reste une préoccupation majeure en cas de survenue aussi bien pour le médecin que le patient. Elle altère la qualité de vie des malades et des familles et précipite le développement de diverses infections. Elle peut engager le pronostic fonctionnel et même vital à cause de l’arrêt du traitement anticancéreux. Plusieurs possibilités thérapeutiques sont disponibles, mais il n’y a pas de consensus thérapeutique clair surtout pour la population pédiatrique. Le laser de basse énergie, découvert depuis deux décennies, constitue une thérapeutique prometteuse.
Objectives To identify factors mismatch between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and postoperative histology in determining myometrial invasion, lymph node and cervical stroma involvement in endometrium cancer. Results During the study period, one hundred and two patients were supported. They had a mean age of 65.5±11.6 years. Seventy-nine patients (77.5%) were diagnosed with stage I disease; 52 at stage IA (51%) and 27 at stage IB (26.5%). The endometrioid adenocarcinoma was found in 89 patients (87.3%). The cancer was a low-grade in 68 patients (67%) with myometrial invasion greater than or equal to 50% in 44 cases (43.1%) and stromal invasion cervical in 13 patients (12.7%). Lymph node metastasis interested 17 patients (16.7%): 5 pelvic lymph node metastasis (4.9%) and 12 para-aortic lymph node metastasis (11.8%). On the assessment of myometrial invasion, three parameters appear negatively impact the results of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): histological type (p=0.029), tumor grade (p=0.021) and International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage (p=0.011). On the assessment of the achievement of the cervical stroma, sources of error in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were FIGO stage (p=0.03) and the existence of a uterine myomas (p=0,01). Conclusion Endometrial cancer type 2, high tumor grade, advanced stage are associated to a greater risk of error in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging and require careful surgical evaluation for good intraoperative support.
Les tumeurs stromales digestives sont les tumeurs mésenchymateuses les plus fréquentes du tube digestif. Ces tumeurs ont fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses en termes d’histogenèse et de classification. Elles s’intègrent maintenant dans un cadre nosologique précis depuis la découverte de l’expression par les cellules tumorales de la protéine c-kit. Leur potentiel de malignité est souvent difficile à évaluer. Le diagnostic est confirmé par l’étude anatomopathologique de la pièce opératoire complétée par l’étude immunohistochimique. Le traitement est essentiellement chirurgical, la radiothérapie et la chimiothérapie étant peu efficaces. Ces tumeurs sont particulièrement d’actualité depuis la découverte d’un traitement des formes malignes agressives localement avancées, inopérables et/ou métastatiques par un inhibiteur de la tyrosine-kinase (STI 571 ou Glivec®).
The colic intussusception on lipoma is rare. Herein, we report the case of ileocolic intussusception in the right colic lipoma occurred in a 42-years-old woman. The clinical and ultrasonographic aspects directed towards an urinary pathology. The occurrence of an occlusive syndrome and ileocolic intussusception detected by computerized tomographic (CT) scan are consistent with a right hemicolectomy. Furthermore, pathological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. Conclusion Colonic lipoma is rare and its symptoms are not specific. Abdominal CT scan helps for the diagnosis by giving evidence for an intussusception and sometimes for a tumor. Surgical excision followed by pathological examination of the surgical specimen enables the diagnosis of lipoma.
The upper aerodigestive tract cancers include cancers of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. They represent 510,000 new cases per year worldwide. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of cancer present upper aerodigestive tract in the Casablanca region and to estimate their impact in 2014. Our work is a cross-sectional study on the incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in 2014, collected in the service of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Neck Surgery. We noted 214 cases of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract histologically confirmed. Cancers of the aerodigestive tract is dominated by the nasopharynx, the larynx and pharynx, oral cavity. The average age is 48 years. The sex ratio male/female is 1.3. Alcoholism and smoking and 51% of patients. The mean time from our patients is 6 months. The management radiotherapy is made in all cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The surgery is performed in 90% of cancers of the larynx. The most common histological type, excluded the nasopharynx, squamous cell carcinoma is 94% with varying differentiation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is histologically undifferentiated (UCNT) in 95%. In Morocco, since 2004, the regional incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract is increasingly estimated through cancer registries that systematically detect almost all new cases.
Leiomyosarcoma is malignant tumor of smooth muscle which accounts for only 4% of head and neck sarcomas. The tumor is characterized by a slow growing and metastatic potential. The physical appearance of these tumors can be deceptively benign and can be mistaken for non-malignant tumor. An early diagnosis and aggressive initial treatment remains the mainstay of therapy for a good prognosis. The primary modality of therapy of Leiomyosarcoma is surgery, which must be designed to be curative. Adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used for control of local recurrence in case of positive surgical margins, high-grade or large tumors. We are presenting one case of primary leiomyosarcoma of head and neck region with review of literature.
Burkitt’s lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma classified into three subtypes; endemic, sporadic and associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. His maxillomandibular revelation is relatively rare. Its diagnosis is mainly based on biopsy histology. The treatment uses chemotherapy and adjuvant treatments. The authors report a rare case of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma maxillomandibular revelation and specify its epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and scalable.
Introduction Cancers of the oral cavity are integrated along with cancers of the oropharynx, pharynx and larynx, in the particular disease entity of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). They include all malignant tumors developed at the overlying mucosa of the mouth and lips. The main risk factors are tobacco and alcohol. This work aimed to describe the epidemiological and histopathological profile of the population visiting the private oncology centers of Rabat and the related risk factors. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of patients with cancers of the oral cavity, having visited the private oncology centers of Rabat: the Anakhil center and the Al Azhar center, during the period from January 2005 to December 2012. For the collection of information, a data sheet of four parts was used. The data collected were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Science software (SPSS Version 13.0). Results The sex-ratio was 1.33. The average age was 62, ranging from 2 to 86 years. The highest proportion of clinical cases was diagnosed in unemployed patients and retirees. Tongue was the preferred site with 46% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histologic type (61%). In addition 52% of these tumors were diagnosed in Stage IV against only 4% diagnosed in stage I. Discussion and conclusion This work revealed an epidemiological profile slightly different from the literature. This can be explained by the peculiarities of our population as well as the suspicion of other carcinogenic factors. The diagnostic delay noted in the population visiting private oncology centers may be related to the reluctance of patients who are most often late to check, lack of motivation of the medical profession and their imperfect knowledge of semiotics. Screening, diagnosis and early treatment of high-risk lesions and cancers of the oral cavity in their incipient forms remain the best ways to improve the prognosis.
Gliosarcoma is a rare tumor of astrocytic origin. It’s classified by theWorld Health Organization (WHO) as a variant of glioblastoma grade IV. It’s characterised by a gliomatous and a sarcomatous proliferation. Conventionally, this tumor is localized at the supratentorial floor.We report a case of a cerebellar gliosarcoma in a 60 years old man. The radiologic apparence was in favor of glioblastoma and the pathologic examination concluded a gliosarcoma. The evolution was marked by the death of the patient.
Retinoblastoma is a malignant intraocular tumor that mainly affects infants and young children. The diagnosis is made at an average age of 2 years for unilateral forms and 1 year for bilateral cases. The aim of our study was to report the atypical observation of a child with a unilateral endophytic retinoblastoma diagnosed at age 14.
Abstract Cutaneous adnexal tumors due to their wide diversity create diagnostic and classification problems. They are often confused with other cutaneous tumors. Herein, we propose to study the epidemiological and the histopathological profile of the cutaneous adnexal tumors and classified these tumors diagnosed in Ouagadougou. Methodology This is a retrospective study over a period of sixteen (16) years from January 1 st , 1998 to December 31 st , 2013 on all cases of cutaneous adnexal tumors histologically confirmed in the three pathological anatomy laboratories in the city of Ouagadougou. Results Sixty cases of cutaneous adnexal tumors in sixteen (16) years were collected over 763 cases of cutaneous tumors. The adnexal tumors represented 7.8% of all skin tumors collected during the study period. A female predominance was noted with 51.7% (n=31).The average age of onset of cutaneous adnexal tumors was 39.75 years, ranging from three (3) to eighty (80) years. Histologically, benign tumors accounted for 86.7% and pilomatricoma was the most frequent histological type. Malignant tumors accounted for 13.3% and were dominated by the sebaceous carcinoma. Conclusion Adnexal tumors are usually benign occurring mostly in women and dominated by pilar tumors.
La chirurgie des tumeurs de Pancoast-Tobias est une chirurgie lourde et compliquée du fait de la localisation anatomique et de la proximité des structures vasculaires et nerveuses. Elle se doit, comme toute chirurgie oncologique, d’être complète c’est-à-dire enlever la tumeur dans son ensemble avec des marges d’exérèse saines. Il est en effet démontré en termes de survie que la chirurgie incomplète est un facteur de mauvais pronostic. Le traitement de choix est actuellement une lobectomie associée à un curage ganglionnaire radical permettant de diminuer le risque de récidive locale et d’améliorer la survie. Cependant aucune technique ne permet d’accéder facilement et dans le même temps aux trois régions cervicale, axillaire et médiastinothoracique, lieux de développement de ces tumeurs. Le choix d’un abord antérieur cervicothoracique facilite une meilleure exposition de l’apex pulmonaire et des structures cervicales basses.
The incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) in the high income countries (HIC) is higher than in low income countries (LIC) and middle income countries (MIC), but the overall mortality rate is much less than in LIC and MIC. Most cases of BC in HIC present early as a result of established screening programs which detects the disease at curable stage. In most LIC and MIC like Nigeria, most cases of BC present late coupled with dearth of personnel, equipment and drugs required with resultant effect of poor survival and high mortality rate associated with BC. Overwhelming studies have identified late presentation as a major cause of poor outcome of BC management in our country; however there are few studies about why the BC patients present late.
Breast cancer rates in high-income countries increased sharply with industrialization and urbanization but are now declining. Rates in low-income countries are instead rising after adoption of western type lifestyles. Some breast cancer risk factors are modifiable for prevention while others are not. The purpose of this study was to find out if wearing of brassieres and psychosocial stress had association with breast cancer occurrence. It was conducted from 09/08/11 to 23/12/12. Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were matched with controls for age. A questionnaire was administered to detail patterns of brassiere wearing and marital stability, and some known breast cancer risk factors which could be confounders. Multivariate statistical models were used to discriminate confounders, and significance calculated at 95% confidence intervals. Three hundred and thirty-nine cases and 355 controls were included. The median age for cases was 48 years, range 25 to 80 years. The median for controls was 49, range 23 to 83 years. Age at onset of menses, parity, and the number of children who breastfed for at least 12 months was similar between cases and controls. There was no difference in level of education (p=0.783), and marital status (p=0.432) between cases and controls. On the other hand intensity of brassiere use (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), area of residence (p=0.045) diet (p=<0.01), duration of use of hormonal contraceptives (p<0.001), and family history of breast cancer (p=0.016), had association with breast cancer occurrence.
In Cameroon, breast and cervical cancers are the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Preventive actions against cervical cancer began two decades ago and culminated in October 2014 with the launching of the national programme of vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus. Preventive actions against breast cancer are less visible. Effective strategies to control those cancers need to be informed with accurate data on incidence. Given the weakness of the national health information, we carried out this study in view of determining trends in incidences of those two cancers in Cameroon. We reviewed all breast and cervical cancers diagnosed in six pathology laboratories in four towns (Yaoundé, Bafoussam, Bamenda and Douala) from the January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2011. A total of 1394 cases of breast cancer and 903 cases of cervical cancer were analysed. For breast cancer, 91.944% of women were 30 years old or more and 88.13% of those with cervical cancer were diagnosed at 30 years old or above. Cervical cancer was more frequent than breast cancer from 2004 to 2007 then, the latter became more frequent. The incidence of cervical cancer showed little variations while that of breast cancer showed a 3.16 folds increase. The constant rise in incidence of breast cancer may be due the lack of an effective national prevention policy against it as it is the case for cervical cancer. If a national study confirms this trend, then a preventive strategy should be urgently implemented.
Présenter le profil épidémiologique et histologique du cancer de l’ovaire à Douala (Cameroun).
La leucémie prolymphocytaire T est une hémopathie lymphoïde très rare, de phénotype post thymique et réputée de mauvais pronostic. Elle se caractérise par un syndrome tumoral, des lésions dermatologiques et une lymphocytose importante. Elle doit être différenciée des autres syndromes lymphoprolifératifs matures à cellules T et même de la leucémie prolymphocytaire B et ceci ne peut se faire qu’avec une approche multidisciplinaire.
This study aimed at evaluating the clinicohistopathological features and molecular markers of breast cancer in patients followed up at Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon during the period from July 2008 to July 2014.
Déterminer les aspects histo-épidémiologiques du cancer de l’endomètre au Cameroun.
