The Japanese coordinator -ya is noteworthy for its interpretive versatility, allowing not only conjunctive and disjunctive interpretations but also what this paper terms ‘partial’ interpretations. Although partial interpretations have been described previously, their distinctive properties, particularly their differentiation from disjunctions, have not been fully elucidated. Another issue in the literature is that, whilst the structural and interpretive aspects of -ya have been formally modelled, it remains unclear what -ya semantically encodes and how this encoded meaning constrains the pragmatic inferences that lead to specific interpretations. This paper addresses these issues within Relevance Theory. First, it identifies the distinctive properties of partial interpretations, which distinguish them from both inclusive and exclusive disjunctions, through the analysis of naturally occurring data. Second, it proposes a generalisation that predicts the distribution of conjunctive, disjunctive, and partial interpretations, as well as non-exhaustive implications. Finally, it develops a unified account at the semantics–pragmatics interface, reconceptualising the generalisation in terms of procedural meaning and demonstrating that this procedure provides a single semantic basis for the pragmatic inferences that yield conjunctive, disjunctive, and partial interpretations in diverse contexts. One broader implication of the present research is its contribution to the cross-linguistic study of coordination.
The article investigates one of the current linguodidactic problems of professional language and communicative training of higher education applicants – mastering communicative strategies of academic discourse. The state of research on the problem in publications of recent years is analyzed. The content of competencies and practical results of educational programs and educational components of a philological, speech science, methodological nature are analyzed and generalized in order to determine the place of work on mastering communicative strategies in the professional training of future specialists. The communicative strategy of academic discourse is defined as a structural component of the communicative competence of a higher education applicant – communicative-strategic competence; the abilities corresponding to this competence are generalized and specified. Pedagogical conditions are identified, principles and a methodological model of mastering communicative strategies in academic discourse are developed. Effective methods and innovative technologies for the formation of communicative strategies in higher education students have been identified, the sequence of the process of determining and implementing a communicative strategy for creating scientific and educational and methodological texts has been established. The main methodological guidelines for the formation of communicative and strategic competence have been identified: pedagogical conditions, methodological principles, methods and means of teaching. The conclusion is made about the need for a comprehensive approach to the formation of communicative and strategic competence in higher education students based on continuity and sequence.
The article analyzes the category of the verb mood in the Ukrainian language through diachronic and synchronic dimensions. The evolution of scientific perspectives on modal meanings is traced, ranging from early grammatical descriptions, where the category of mood was presented fragmentarily, to modern interpretations oriented toward a synthesis of morphological, semantic, and communicative approaches. It is noted that during the initial stages of Ukrainian grammatical thought, mood forms were not clearly distinguished from non-finite forms, and their classification criteria were primarily based on formal attributes. The study outlines the process of terminological stabilization and the formation of the traditional three-member model of mood, within which the indicative mood is associated with the representation of reality, while the conditional and imperative moods represent various types of irreality. It is emphasized that this stage introduced several theoretical contradictions, particularly regarding the correlation between mood and tense, as well as the boundaries of the category itself. The semantic and pragmatic dimension of mood forms is updated, revealing their functional flexibility and the potential for transposition in speech. The article systematizes key controversial issues in contemporary linguistics related to determining the number of mood grammemes, the status of the indicative mood, the interpretation of incentive and optative meanings, and the relationship between the category of mood and the supra-categorical concept of modality.
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the semantic structure and functional features of German paremias containing a numerical component from a communicative perspective. The study’s relevance is determined by the cognitive role of number in intercultural communication and the practical necessity of comprehensively comparing German numerical codes with their corresponding Ukrainian paremiological equivalents. The author provides a detailed analysis of the semantic range of the numbers «one», «two», «three», «seven», «nine», «forty» and hyperbolic units (100, 1000, million), revealing their biblical, mythological, and ethnocultural foundations within the German linguistic world-view. The dominance of cardinal numbers is explained by their high capacity for anthropocentric reinterpretation of reality. The paper substantiates that a numeral within a paremia undergoes deep desemantization, transforming into a symbol, a metaphor, or an evaluative quantifier. Their key functions in live speech are identified and characterized: intensification and emotional hyperbole of the utterance, condensation of meaning, regulative and didactic impact on the recipient, and the creation of ironic subtext. The paremias are dynamic pragmatic markers that allow the speaker to concisely and expressively encode complex social phenomena, structure interpersonal interaction, and provide speech with philosophical depth.
The article presents a general characterization of the phraseological portraits of narrators in the novels of O. Slonovska’s «Tetrahedron». In the first novel («Lost in Time»), the narration is conducted by a primary school teacher; in the second, «The Locust Instinct», the narrator is a journalist; in the third, «Neglected by Noah», the narrator is a doctor; and in the novel «The Gorgon Medusa», the narrator is a writer. The analysis of the empirical material employs general scientific methods (comparison, elements of quantitative analysis, and the descriptive method) as well as specifically linguistic methods, including textual (contextual) analysis, which made it possible to clarify the semantics of the analysed phraseological units. The method of componential analysis was used to identify the components of the semantic structure of phraseological units, along with the contrastive method, which involves the comparative study of previously identified and newly attested linguistic phenomena. The phraseological stock of narrators in O. Slonovska’s novels is a powerful stylistic device that enhances the imagery of speech, through which the author conveys the worldview of the main characters. It represents a form of lexicalization of emotions, experiences, and psychological states, as the narrators actively use precedent texts that characterize well-being and reproduce moods (despair, fear, surprise, fright, trembling). A significant group consists of phraseological units that denote actions and function as intensifiers of actions.
The article analyzes narratives of contemporaries in which the symbolism of a line from Taras Shevchenko’s poem «In one’s own home there is one’s own truth, and strength, and freedom» is interpreted. The line is taken from «To the dead, the living, and the unborn, my fellow countrymen in Ukraine and outside Ukraine, my friendly epistle». By «narrative», the authors understand a story about a certain event, a reflection, an interpretation of a phenomenon, or a way of presenting facts in order to form a specific impression or belief. The source of factual material consists of reflections by 10th–11th grade students, university students, and teachers, who were asked to write essays on the topic «In one’s own home there is one’s own truth, and strength, and freedom». The analysis of the material shows that at the turn of the millennium, the vectors for analyzing the language of Taras Shevchenko’s works have changed. Both scholars and ordinary citizens of Ukraine analyze the linguistic creativity of the Great Kobzar in the context of Ukrainian self-identification. Today, the focus of contemporaries’ attention is Shevchenko’s prophetic nature (prophetism), the sources of which include the books of the Old Testament prophets, the Psalter, and the Gospels. Shevchenko’s poetic prophetism also draws from folklore sources and popular beliefs. The motif of prophecy likewise originates from folk traditions. Therefore, contemporaries refer to Taras Shevchenko as a Prophet, an undeniable symbol of Ukraine, a genius, an artist, a philosopher, and a central figure in Ukrainian literature and history. The explanation of the symbolism of the words home, truth, strength, and freedom is carried out using linguistic analogy.
This study presents a corpus-based investigation comparing the expression of auditory and visual perception in traditional storytelling in five languages: Chuvash, Nganasan, Selkup, Udihe, and Wan. We include languages with different types of evidential markers, as well as languages with no grammatical expression of evidentiality, and we also consider cases where perception is implicit in the narrative context. We examine whether the use of grammatical markers for sensory perception correlates with speakers' overall sensitivity to the information source and its frequency of mention in narrative discourse. Despite the typological differences between the languages, the results show a general preference for vision over hearing, both in contexts where sensations are expressed overtly and in cases where they are left unexpressed. This trend is reversed only in cases where sensory perception is suggested through the use of ideophones. Furthermore, we observe a stronger tendency for lexical encoding of visual as opposed to auditory perception. We explore possible reasons for this tendency and conclude that it is not conditioned by linguistic factors such as agentivity or preferred stimulus type (dynamic vs. static). These results suggest an independent, potentially universal bias toward encoding visual experience in narrative discourse.
The article characterizes the lexical-semantic content of the concept the people in the publicistic works of B. Hrinchenko and identifies its associative-imagery and value-based components. To accomplish this task, the author employs a descriptive method along with techniques of lexical-semantic analysis of word meanings. It is emphasized that B. Hrinchenko’s non-fiction linguistic creativity was a conscious effort aimed at developing the multifunctionality of the Ukrainian language, serving as practical evidence of its independence and self-sufficiency in terms of lexical, word-formative and syntactic means. This was facilitated by the introduction into Ukrainian publicistic discourse of the late 19th and early 20th centuries of a significant number of socio-political terms, which demonstrate the component structure and semantic connections of many lexical fields, including the lexeme the people, defined as the core of the concept and as the embodiment of collective memory, spiritual values, and cultural experience of the nation. The concept the people in B. Hrinchenko’s publicistic works is represented by five lexical-semantic fields.
Abstract Personal pronouns share with other nominal constructions, such as common nouns and demonstratives, the basic function of selecting and identifying a referent. However, they are special in that they depend on the context and are inherently rooted in interlocutor roles (speaker, addressee, other). As proxies for information that is already known to the hearer, we could expect their usage to be similar across different languages as well as little variation between pronouns in the same language. But as is known from previous studies, many languages of the world do not require overt independent personal pronouns in subject position; and different pronouns have very different roles in spoken and written text, depending most importantly on person and case. In this study, we aim to capture the predictability of personal pronouns using the information-theoretic measure of surprisal, which characterizes the information value of a word given its preceding context. Our data come from mini-CIEP+, a parallel corpus of literary texts, from which we sample 17 languages from 8 language families. We compute the surprisal of personal pronouns in these languages at different context sizes, using mGPT language models. Then, linear mixed-effects models are fitted with surprisal-based response variables and a range of independent variables, including the frequency of the pronoun and various morphosyntactic parameters (syntactic role, number, person, and others). These parameters are extracted from grammars and from mini-CIEP+, which is automatically annotated in the Universal Dependencies framework using pre-trained models. We find universal effects of frequency and near-universal effects of position on surprisal, but other variable estimates differ widely between languages in terms of both their respective relevance and their polarity. We conclude by stating that this type of quantitative study could shed further light on the usage of different types of nominal referents across languages, for which corpus-based typology is ideally positioned.
No consensus exists on how grammatical role, parallelism, and working memory (WM) jointly shape L2 pronoun resolution, and Chinese-English bilinguals' strategies remain unexplored in previous studies. This study examines the resolution of ambiguous pronouns in Chinese-English bilinguals with higher and lower WM capacity. The results show that Chinese-English bilinguals were more inclined to use the strategy of structural parallelism in anaphora resolution. The subject-assignment strategy only promoted subject pronouns under the parallel structure. Working memory capacity also influenced efficiency and strategy: bilinguals with higher WM capacity resolved pronouns faster and showed a stronger preference for subject antecedents, while those with lower WM capacity relied more on locality strategies. Moreover, we found an interaction among grammatical role, structural parallelism, and WM, with high-capacity bilinguals resolving subject pronouns significantly faster than object pronouns in parallel structures. These findings highlight the influence of linguistic and cognitive factors on pronoun anaphora resolution and suggest that sentence structure, grammatical roles, and WM should be given particular attention in L2 teaching and learning.
The article proposes comparative characteristics of diary and journalistic discourse in linguopragmatic dimensions. The linguistic strategies and tactics of representing the author’s «I», the features of the interaction between the addressee and the addressee, as well as the means of expressing subjective assessment and communicative intentions in texts of various types are determined. The research, carried out on the material of the Ukrainian diary discourse of Oles Honchar, Ivan Chendei; journalistic – Mykola Zhulynsky, Pavlo Movchan, Svitlana Yermolenko, Oksana Zabuzhko, is aimed at clarifying the fundamental differences between diary and journalistic discourses. The focus is on literary journalism, which acts as a powerful catalyst for social dialogue. It raises awareness of current issues, provokes discussions, reveals the diversity of opinions, and teaches society to listen to each other. It has been found that the journalistic word of a writer is an effective means of revitalizing social communication, as it is capable not only of raising acute issues, but also of initiating a broad dialogue, influencing the formation of public consciousness. It goes beyond the boundaries of a purely literary phenomenon and functions as a socio-cultural factor that shapes public sentiment and value orientations.
The article presents a comprehensive study of martial law lexical markers functioning in the Ukrainian segment of Facebook, Telegram, and Instagram. The research is urgent due to the need for scientific recording and systematization of linguistic innovations that emerged as a direct response to the challenges of the full-scale invasion. The author substantiates the role of digital communicative space as a specific lingual platform where military discourse acquires expressiveness and dynamism. The methodological basis combines descriptive, contextual-interpretative, and discourse analysis. The study focuses on semantic derivation and metaphorization (e.g., the lexeme bavovna), as well as the deonimization and ideologization of the enemy’s proper names. Special attention is paid to the potential of Call to Action (CTA) technologies. It is revealed that specific linguistic formulas combined with storytelling strategies allow modeling «resource texts» that influence the recipient’s emotional state and stimulate social action. The author concludes that the «language of victory» in social networks is not only a means of naming new realities but also a powerful tool for the communicative resourcefulness and professional security of modern specialists. The results are practically significant for improving educational programs in lexicology and speech culture.
This article examines the spatial and temporal features of Ukrainian folklore (fairy tales, ballads, riddles, songs) through the concept of the chronotope. It highlights its mythological basis, cyclicality, connection to trials, and structural integrity, as well as the static and sensory nature of folkloric time and space. In fairy tales, the chronotope often has a ritual character, reflecting the hero’s initiation, transformation, and encounter with the supernatural, while combining everyday and sacred, historical and eternal dimensions. In dumy, time is conveyed not only verbally but also through a broader semantic space, including astronomical imagery and parts of the day that mark key events. Ballads are defined by tragic, localized, and time-bound chronotopes. Riddles merge abstract time and space through figurative representations of nature, while songs use symbolic, often magical images to express emotions and life choices. Overall, the chronotope is presented as a fundamental element that ensures the unity, tradition, and symbolic depth of Ukrainian folklore, functioning as a cultural code that preserves collective memory, reflects spiritual values, and expresses a worldview based on cyclicality and the connection between humans, nature, and the sacred.
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of uncodified colloquial phraseological units in modern Ukrainian, based on data from publicistic, everyday conversational, and Internet discourse of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The study demonstrates the strong anthropocentric orientation of the phraseological system, reflected in the predominance of units describing human characteristics. Several phraseo-thematic groups are identified, including «Physical appearance», «Mental abilities and behaviour», «Physiological states (alcohol intoxication)», and a newly emerging group related to war discourse («To kill / to die»). Within these groups, variant-synonymous sets are analyzed with regard to their semantic structure, expressive potential, evaluative meaning, and cognitive mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to metaphorization, hyperbolization, irony, and cultural markedness. The study shows that many of these units are shaped by current socio-cultural factors, especially the ongoing war, which stimulates the emergence of new figurative models and semantic shifts. It is concluded that uncodified phraseology is a dynamic subsystem actively functioning in contemporary discourse and reflecting the cognitive and value-based patterns of Ukrainian speakers.
The article examines the features of the implementation of communicative intentions in artistic discourse and the specifics of their translation from English into Ukrainian based on the material of J. Grisham’s novel “Rogue Lawyer”. The main attention is focused on the category of addressability as a key factor in the organization of the text, which determines the selection of linguistic means and the formation of the pragmatic effect of the statement. The study analyzes the interaction of the author with the implicit reader, who is characterized by a holistic, mostly one-dimensional perception of the text and the lack of professional training in the field of legal and economic realities reflected in the work. It is revealed that addressability in the novel is realized through a combination of different-level means: first-person narrative, rhetorical constructions, emotionally marked statements and judicial discourse. These elements ensure the reader's involvement in the interpretation of events and form the effect of direct communicative interaction. A special role in the text is played by terminological units, which, functioning in the artistic environment, acquire additional semantic layers due to contextual interaction with expressive and colloquial elements. The paper analyzes translation strategies aimed at reproducing the pragmatic potential of the original, in particular, literal translation, pragmatic adaptation and communicative translation. It is shown that their application is due to the need to preserve the addressability of the text and adequately convey the author's intentions. Special attention is paid to translation transformations as a means of ensuring an equivalent impact on the target reader. It is generalized that the translation of a literary text is considered as a complex process of intercultural communication, which combines semantic accuracy and pragmatic adaptation. The results of the study can be used for further study of the features of the translation of artistic discourse and the specifics of the functioning of addressability in different types of texts.
