Social isolation in older adults: the role of social exclusion and disconnection Social isolation is considered a common problem in older adults and is defined as the objective lack of social contacts with others along with feelings of exclusion and isolation. 812 cases participated in this study, the average age of the participants was 67.45 years, with an age range between 60 and 80 years. Self-report measures were used through a battery of evaluation instruments composed of: Social isolation, FoMO, Feelings of social exclusion, social disconnection and sociodemographic data. The results have shown a relationship between FoMO, social exclusion and social disconnection. The scope and limits of the findings are discussed.
This study aims to describe clinical aspects that favored the efficacy of the 'Video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting and sensitive discipline' (VIPP-SD) in a low SES dyad from Lima-Per & uacute;. The dyad consisted of a 37-year-old mother and her 17-month-old child living in a high-risk context. The intervention's results on maternal sensitivity were measured using the Maternal Behaviour Q-Set 3.1. The mother went from a sensitivity score of-.53 before the intervention to .78 after it. This change's statistical significance and clinical relevance was confirmed using the RCI indicator and the analysis of therapeutic change indicators proposed by Krause et al. (2006). The strategies used to strengthen the therapeutic alliance and maintain maternal commitment to the intervention are discussed.
In academic literature, there is a lack of agreement on the conceptualization of fear of crime. Thus, some research proposes that this construct should be measured in a unidimensional way. Other research defends the idea that fear of crime should be categorized in multidimensional terms. The aim of this study is to propose a systematic review of the construct of fear of crime in Ibero-Latin American with the objective of identifying its conceptualizations and associated variables. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review) methodology, articles published in Spanish were searched in the following databases: Scielo (n = 194), Redalyc (n = 270), Latindex (n = 5) y Dialnet (n = 176). The evidence found in the articles demonstrates that in the case of Ibero-Latin American, there is ambiguity in the construct, as fear of crime is often referred to as a concept equivalent to, for example, the perception of insecurity. Furthermore, it appears that fear of crime is conceptualized largely from an emotional perspective. Finally, the variables most studied in research on fear of crime are those related to its individual-psychological effects (well-being or emotions) and victimization (direct and indirect).
A single-item instrument is introduced to identify the family relationship model from the young people perspective (MOREFAM). Content validity by eight Mexican experts judgment and convergence validity was evaluated using the Family Functioning Test and the Authentic Happiness Questionnaire. The content of the verbalizations was analyzed to identify the psychological state of the adolescents. The sample consisted of 230 youngsters between the ages of 15 and 22 from various high schools in Monterrey, Mexico. An association was found between the levels of family functionality and happiness with the different family models. The instrument, easy to apply, allows a quick approach to the style of interaction between parents and children, revealing the feeling, thinking, and acting of adolescents from Monterrey, based on their family model.
The Theory of Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici in 1961, is a milestone in understanding social thought. This study analyzed 285 abstracts from Ibero-American psychology journals available in the SciELO database, processed with the IRAMuTeQ software. Five thematic classes were identified within two main axes: the first addresses methodological aspects, Class 1 (analysis techniques and software) and Class 2 (sample characteristics); the second concerns the development of studies on Social Representations, Class 3 (family-related themes), Class 4 (health themes), and Class 5 (contents of Moscovici's Theory). It was found that IRAMuTeQ structured classes consistent with the abstracts and highlighted the predominance of Moscovici's theoretical
The general objective was to analyze the effectiveness of interventions on self-regulation of learning in study and learning strategies, self-regulation of motivation and self-efficacy for higher education of university students. The following instruments were applied: Study and Learning Strategies Inventory, the Self-Efficacy Scale in Higher Education and the Self-Regulation of Motivation Strategies Assessment Scale. The research consisted of pre-test, intervention and post-test. It was developed with two groups: 13 participants in the online modality in an extension course and 22 participants in an optional subject. Positive effects of the intervention and moderate and positive correlations were evidenced. Interventions on study and learning strategies and self-regulation of motivation are necessary.
The results of a call for systematic reviews aimed at strengthening the cumulative integration and horizontal interaction of scientific production by Latin and Ibero American researchers in the field of social psychology are evaluated. The contributions highlight both advances and fundamental challenges for the development of a regional science. On the one hand, emerging areas of study are identified, such as coping in sexual minorities and the measurement of intergroup forgiveness, where the need to develop specific instruments and expand empirical production is emphasized. On the other hand, the existence of more consolidated critical areas of research is noted in topics such as fear of crime, social representations, and sense of community, revealing a maturing field. The dossier also highlights the relevance of innovative methodologies, such as meta-ethnography assisted by lexical analysis, and the imperative need to complement bibliometric reviews with meta-analyses. To illustrate the latter, a preliminary quantitative synthesis is presented that confirms a significant positive correlation (r = 0.32) between Sense of Community and Well-being, highlighting the potential of this line of work. In conclusion, the initiative consolidates significant progress and outlines priority routes-such as the integration of Spanish and Portuguese-language production and the promotion of quantitative syntheses-for the advancement of a Social Psychology with a regional identity.
This study sought to determine the relationships between Future Time Perspective, Self-Care Behaviors, and Mental Health, and to compare the results based on the adolescents' sex. A total of 181 adolescents participated and answered three questionnaires measuring each of the variables involved. The results of the structural model suggest that Future Time Perspective influences self-care behaviors, which impact mental health. Significant correlations were found between Future Time Perspective and self-care behaviors (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and mental health problems (r =-.20, p < 0.001), as well as differences based on the adolescents' sex in self-care behaviors (t = 2.09, p < 0.05). The findings of this study contribute to the literature on mental health in adolescents with theoretical and practical implications, establishing an empirical model that links future time perspective with self-care behaviors and mental health, confirming that future time perspective is not only related to mental health, but is a predictor variable that influences health through self-care behaviors, and also reinforces the role of self-care behaviors as a relevant variable for the design of preventive programs aimed at improving adolescent mental health. Keywords: temporal perspective, future, self-care, mental health, students
This research explores the reasons behind spoilt voting in the second round of the Peruvian presidential elections of 2021. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals whose votes were intentionally cast as invalid. The interview delves into the motivations for casting an invalid vote and the associated factors. The findings suggest that respondents cast invalid votes due to political discontent with the supply side during the second-round of the presidential campaign. High perceptions of corruption and political polarization influenced this decision, highlighting decreased political interest. These results highlight the crisis of political legitimacy and representativeness in Peru in that context, showing that the invalid vote functions as a concrete manifestation of citizen disaffection with the political system.
The present study sought to understand the experiences of men perpetrators of domestic violence (MAV) in relation to violence committed against women, in light of the Maria da Penha Law (MPL) and intersectional aspects involving masculinities and race. Qualitative research was carried out from interviews with six black men and four white men. From the content analysis, four categories were identified: 1) Implications in the violent act(s); 2) Relationship with the MPL; 3) Fear of publicizing the acts of violence; 4) Being a man and intersectionality. The HAVs denied violence and did not perceive a relationship between violence and racial identification. The importance of building interventions and readings considering the contradictions experienced by MAV is highlighted.
Intergroup Forgiveness Proposal This study reviewed published measures of intergroup forgiveness used in contexts of violent conflict and subsequently proposed a scale with an integrative model. First, a systematic search (Scopus, Web of Science, PsyINFO) was conducted, identifying 12 scales with 46 items in 121 scientific articles. Second, through expert judgment (K = 0.926) and confirmatory factor analysis (ML) in a sample of 80 university students (72.5% women; M = 21.36 years), four dimensions were validated: Group forgiveness (6 items), Memory (2), Emotions (3), and Victim forgiveness (4). The model showed acceptable fit (CFI = 0.909; RMSEA = 0.097). The results suggest that the proposed scale systematizes the study of intergroup forgiveness, although replication in larger samples is required.
This study aimed to understand the sense that 12 high school teachers from public and private Brazilian schools located in the city of Campinas, SP attribute to their work in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. From the use of comprehensive narratives, the following results were identified: (a) teaching performance as a significant activity, with purpose and social (ir)relevance; (b) loss of reference in time, space and identity; (c) doubts about the expansion of social vulnerabilities, professional and institutional (dis)engagement due to the pandemic and professional and institutional (dis)engagement and (e) remote environment as a surveillance factor. It is concluded that the work considered significant remained intrinsically valuable, contributing to the adaptation to remote education, even in the face of adversities such as the feeling of exposure and fear.
This bibliometric study analyzes the articles published in the PUCP Journal of Psychology between the years 2015 and 2024, with the purpose of characterizing psychological production in the last decade. To do this, 280 documents were reviewed, including theoretical articles and empirical research, using a data sheet, with a quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal methodology, as is typical of bibliometrics. The results show that there are several notable trends at a theoretical and methodological level. The articles that have been published most frequently come from countries such as Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Spain. There is a notable increase in female authorship of signed works as well as greater internationalization. Furthermore, studies on social psychology and those that follow a cognitive model continue to be the most predominant. Other areas of psychology that achieved representativeness were educational psychology and organizational psychology; with a prominent use of psychological tests for data collection and taking samples from adolescents and adults preferably.
This article analyzes the alignment of interpretative frames between the Confederation of Chilean Students (CONFECh) and the students who participated in protests of the Chilean university student movement during a phase of declining mobilization capacity (2016-2017). Through interviews with 32 non-affiliated students and the analysis of 36 CONFECh documents, similarities and differences in the diagnoses and prognoses regarding education are identified. The study reveals alignment around the critique of the commodification of education but differences in the interpretation of issues such as educational inequality and sexual harassment. The article concludes that partial frame alignment is relevant for the movement's persistence during periods of low mobilization.
This study examines the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and unconventional political participation in Peru, focusing on a comparison of urban and rural contexts (N = 945). Data were collected through a face-to-face survey (urban = 789, rural = 156) using stratified multistage probability sampling. RWA was measured using a validated scale, and unconventional participation was assessed through an ad hoc scale focused on collective actions. Findings reveal that in urban areas, RWA significantly inhibits disruptive participation, even when controlling for other variables, whereas in rural areas, RWA shows no such effect. These differences reflect distinct political and socioeconomic realities. Results highlight the importance of contextual analysis and suggest including emotional and identity factors in future research.
Impostor syndrome is a psychological state in which people doubt their achievements and abilities. The relationship between impostor syndrome and sociodemographic and psychological variables was evaluated through a cross-sectional study of women residing in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru (N=430). A questionnaire was administered to assess impostor syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The study revealed that 75% of participants presented impostor syndrome, 70% anxiety, 50% insomnia, and 36% depression. Two multivariate models showed that being a researcher or holding a management position and having children are predictors of impostor syndrome. This situation can hinder growth and professional development.
This research aims to describe the cultural elements of a Brazilian public university that can facilitate workplace bullying. It’s characterized as qualitative and descriptive, with the application of an online questionnaire (214 responses), followed by 12 semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed according to content analysis and descriptive statistics. It was possible to identify cultural characteristics present in both the organizational culture and management of Brazilian public institutions, which, according to participants, favor workplace bullying at the University, such as impunity, power groups, politics, and mischaracterization of public servants. Therefore, the research contributed to the strengthening of the theory, opening opportunities for the development of measures and policies to prevent and combat harassment in universities.
In a probabilistic and representative sample from Santiago, Chile, this research aims to validate the Spanish-language National Opinion Research Center DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) and its abbreviated form for the Chilean context. 1032 individuals were surveyed at home using a standardized questionnaire. Results show high reliability for both lifetime and past-year versions of the screening, with structural validity supported by factor analyses. The study found 2.4% of the sample classified as lifetime pathological gamblers and 0.8% for the past year, consistent with higher ranges of international studies. Severe gambling disorder rates are higher in Chile compared to Spain. Concurrent validity suggests that the lengthy Chilean adaptation of NODS is reliable for assessing gambling problems.Keywords: gambling; gambling problems; validation.
Symptoms seem to be constitutive parts of a complex clinical problem, rather than the expressions of a disease, as traditionally considered. Network analysis has proved to be useful to identify correlations amongst them. This study addresses associations regarding regulation strategies and depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as emotion regulation strategies’ risk and protective ability, in a sample of 1103 adults from Buenos Aires City and Greater Buenos Aires aged between 18 and 65 (M= 31.96; SD= 10.32). Results showed that CR and ES might be differentially associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, yet both exhibited negative bridge expected influence across the networks, suggesting a protective role. These findings have several implications for treatments.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el significado que 12 profesores de secundaria de escuelas brasileñas ubicadas en la ciudad de Campinas, SP atribuyen a su trabajo en medio de la pandemia Covid-19. Desde narrativas comprensivas, se identificaron: (a) el desempeño docente como una actividad significativa, con propósito e (i)relevancia social; (b) pérdida de referencia del tiempo, espacio y identidad; (c) dudas sobre la ampliación de vulnerabilidades sociales, (des)involucramiento participación profesional e institucional por la pandemia y (d) ambiente remoto como factor de vigilancia. Se concluye que el trabajo considerado significativo quedó intrínsecamente valioso, contribuyendo a la adaptación a la educación a distancia, incluso ante adversidades como el sentimiento de exposición y el miedo.
