La présente analyse s’appuie sur différentes expériences d’enseignement de la néologie juridique qui intègrent la traduction comme exercice privilégié. Le sujet de la néologie juridique est traité majoritairement pendant les cours de traduction et de terminologie, juridique ou non juridique, ainsi que lors de conférences, ateliers ou séminaires jurilinguistiques. Il arrive que le sujet de la néologie soit quelquefois abordé dans les cours de droit, dans des explications portant sur les origines, les mutations et les défis de nouveaux termes juridiques. L’acquisition lexicale dans le domaine de l’enseignement des langages juridiques, du droit comparé et de l’histoire du droit bénéficie aujourd’hui du développement d’approches mixtes, juridico-linguistiques, alliant des éléments linguistiques et des éléments extralinguistiques. L’étude examine ici les prérequis et les attentes de la population étudiante visée ; elle présente les différentes approches et les exercices proposés, ainsi que les résultats et les conséquences de ces expériences pédagogiques, tout en interrogeant la charge affective des termes néologiques étudiés.
La traduction d’un roman tel que Zazie dans le métro (Raymond Queneau 1959) constitue un défi en raison de la particularité de son contexte culturel et, surtout, de la révolution linguistique représentée par l’utilisation du néo-français. Une analyse comparée de la version italienne (1960) et de la version espagnole (1978) du roman permet d’étudier la relation entre innovation linguistique, oralité, écriture et traduction dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, abordée sous un angle médial (Koch et Oesterreicher 1990/2007), ainsi que pragmatique et traductologique (Hatim et Mason 1990/1995 ; Chesterman 1997). Cette analyse ouvre également la porte à l’observation d’autres éléments métadiscursifs tels que le langage non verbal ou le « bruit conversationnel » en traduction.
A pesar de que la bibliografía académica ha dedicado buena parte de sus esfuerzos a la traducción literaria, llama la atención la escasez de estudios en el ámbito de la traductología sobre la caracterización discursiva y léxica de las unidades que hacen referencia a conceptos ficcionales. Es frecuente encontrar denominaciones como «nombres propios» o «neologismos», no del todo compatibles con las definiciones que aporta la filosofía del lenguaje o la lingüística para designar estas unidades. Por tanto, este estudio pretende tratar de determinar si pueden considerarse exclusivamente «nombres» o «nombres propios» de la ficción, con vistas a identificar si los irrealia pueden presentarse en forma de otras categorías léxicas. A partir de las tres principales obras narrativas de J. R. R. Tolkien ( The Hobbit , The Lord of the Rings y The Silmarillion ), que ofrecen una muestra de 3343 irrealia diferentes, llevaremos a cabo un análisis de las categorías léxicas utilizadas para denominar los conceptos ficcionales, tanto en las obras originales como en sus traducciones al español y al francés, para poder determinar si es posible asociarlas únicamente con nombres propios o si, por el contrario, pueden encontrarse otras categorías léxicas.
Le présent article explore quelques questions éthiques et politiques que soulève la traduction des littératures autochtones vers l’anglais et le français au Canada. Considérant le contexte linguistique colonial qui détermine la traduction littéraire au Canada, ainsi que le positionnement des traducteur·rices non autochtones vis-à-vis de ces littératures, l’article tente de répondre à la sempiternelle question, comment bien traduire ? L’article se tourne vers les pistes et outils offerts par le virage éthique en traductologie, en particulier les approches d’Antoine Berman et de Lawrence Venuti, dont il illustre les limites dans un contexte marqué par le colonialisme de peuplement. Argumentant que l’éthique de la traduction ne permet pas à elle seule de nous guider dans la traduction des littératures autochtones en contexte colonial, l’article propose une piste de réflexion différente, à savoir celle de la relationalité. En s’inspirant des travaux d’Édouard Glissant et du concept de relationalité dans les épistémologies autochtones d’Aileen Moreton-Robinson et de Lauren Tynan, l’article suggère de prioriser en traduction et en traductologie les méthodologies décoloniales, qui insistent sur la centralité des relations et des collaborations dans les processus de traduction et d’édition, plutôt que sur une évaluation du bien-fondé ou du mérite d’un projet à partir d’une analyse (textuelle) de produits finis.
La pandémie de COVID-19, apparue en décembre 2019 à Wuhan en Chine, s’est rapidement propagée à travers le monde, touchant de plein fouet le continent africain. En Afrique de l’Ouest francophone, la Côte d’Ivoire s’est distinguée comme l’un des pays les plus affectés, enregistrant un nombre important de cas confirmés. Face à cette crise sanitaire inédite, diverses stratégies locales ont été mises en place pour lutter contre la propagation du virus. Toutefois, certaines solutions endogènes adoptées au sein des communautés n’ont pas toujours été reconnues par les instances internationales. Dans l’est du pays, le territoire agni, qui s’étend du sud-est au nord-est dans une région forestière traversée par le fleuve Comoé, a développé ses propres approches face à la pandémie. Cette étude se propose d’analyser la manière dont les populations Agni ont appréhendé cette crise sanitaire à travers l’usage de leur langue. Plus précisément, elle s’intéresse à la terminologie employée dans les discours de sensibilisation, en mettant en évidence les mécanismes de formation lexicale utilisés. En explorant la morphologie lexicale, cette recherche vise ainsi à comprendre comment le langage s’adapte aux nouvelles réalités sanitaires et contribue à la diffusion des messages de prévention au sein des communautés concernées.
Cet article propose une analyse des stratégies de médiation et de traduction auxquelles l’auteur et traducteur Jean de La Chapelle (1655-1723) a eu recours lors de la transmission de l’oeuvre du poète latin Catulle au xvii e siècle français. L’approche de La Chapelle et sa visibilité en tant qu’auteur seront analysées à partir d’une lecture approfondie des Amours de Catulle (1680), ouvrage dans lequel une sélection des poèmes catulliens est encadrée par une biographie romancée du poète. Cette publication sera située historiquement et mise en relation avec les préceptes de la traduction libre – une des pratiques de traduction en vigueur dans la période classique – et avec l’esthétique galante. Nous démontrerons que la culture de la traduction libre à laquelle La Chapelle adhère lui permet de s’éloigner du texte source, de souligner les traits galants présents dans la poésie de Catulle et de combler en même temps l’écart entre, d’un côté, le langage parfois rude et le caractère inintelligible des poèmes et, de l’autre, les attentes du lectorat moderne.
This paper examines the effect of prosodic features on trainee interpreters' cognitive effort, cognitive coordination and interpreting output in simultaneous interpreting with text. Sixteen trainee interpreters were recruited and randomly divided into two conditions to simultaneously interpret 27 sentences from English (L2) to Chinese (L1), with controlled prosodic features. Their interpreting output and eye-movements were recorded with the Eyelink 1000 Plus eye-tracking system. Various eye-metrics and temporal measures (i.e., ear-voice span, eye-voice span and ear-eye span) were analysed. The Simplified Chinese LIWC2015 Dictionary was employed to analyse the impact of prosodic features on the interpreting output. The findings indicate that prosodic features mitigate cognitive effort and facilitate the integration of auditory and visual inputs, as evidenced by the eye-tracking measures. While some prosodic features function as a predictive cue for content shifts, enhancing cognitive coordination and information processing efficiency, others hinder the coordination process due to their signalling of uncertainty or emphasis. This study reveals the role of prosodic features in enabling interpreters to produce linguistically and thematically rich outputs, indicating that interpreters interpret not only the linguistic meaning but also the underlying sense.
This research investigates the reception of French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in the People's Republic of China (PRC) during the Cold War by focusing on the journal Shijie Wenxue, which was the only journal to publish translations under the PRC's Communist regime until 1978. The article analyses the selection and de-selection of Sartre's works for translation and publication in this journal, the triangulated translation of Sartre's play La Putain respectueuse [The Respectful Prostitute] and the paratextual framing of Sartre and his works. This research adopts Lefevere's (1992) theory of ideology and patronage, critical discourse analysis (CDA) and Baker's (2016) narrative theory as theoretical frameworks. The researchers found ideology and politics influenced the reception of Sartre's works in the PRC. We did not detect any translations or introductory articles which ran counter to the meta-narratives of the PRC during the Cold War. Instead, it was found that the actors (translators and editors) used a reframing strategy that involved adding an introductory text to the Chinese translations and further manipulating the texts, such as changing the ending ofthe stories, in order to enhance certain narratives while foreclosing others. The researchers also found that the public narratives on Sartre in the PRC underwent several shifts during this period.
Translating a novel like Zazie in the Metro (Raymond Queneau 1959) presents a significant challenge due to its unique cultural context and, above all, the linguistic revolution represented using neo-French. A comparative analysis ofthe Italian (1960) and Spanish (1978) versions ofthe novel allows for an interdisciplinary study ofthe relationship between linguistic innovation, orality, writing, and translation, approached from a medial perspective (Koch and Oesterreicher 1990/2007), as well as from a pragmatic and translation studies angle (Hatim and Mason 1990/1995; Chesterman 1997). This analysis also paves the way for observing other metadiscursive elements such as non-verbal language or "conversational noise" in translation.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, rapidly spread across the globe, severely impacting the African continent. In French-speaking West Africa, C & ocirc;te d'Ivoire stood out as one of the most affected countries, recording a significant number of confirmed cases. In response to this unprecedented health crisis, various local strategies were developed to curb the spread of the virus. However, some endogenous solutions implemented within communities did not always receive recognition from international bodies. In the eastern part of the country, the Agni territory, which extends from the southeast to the northeast in a forested region crossed by the Como & eacute; River, developed its own approaches to managing the pandemic. This study seeks to examine how Agni populations have navigated this health crisis through the lens of language. More specifically, it focuses on the terminology used in awareness-raising discourse, shedding light on the lexical formation mechanisms employed. By analyzing lexical morphology, this research aims to understand how language adapts to new health realities and facilitates the dissemination of prevention messages within the concerned communities.
Nowadays, deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers should have equal access to audiovisual media and, likewise, the promotion of Galician as a minoritised language should be key for public broadcasters. Therefore, both ofthem should be compatible, allowing viewers with and without hearing impairments to have access to audiovisual contents in Galician. This paper presents the results ofthe assessment ofthe quality ofthe automatic subtitles being tested in the territorial news programs broadcast by RTVE Spanish TV channel in Galicia and considers the harmonisation of accessibility and standardisation in Galician subtitling. The analysis consisted of10 five-minute samples in Galician and it was carried out by applying the NER model (Romero-Fresco 2011). The results provide, on the one hand, data on the accuracy of the subtitles and, on the other hand, information on the correction of errors by the speech recognition software used in an attempt to reconcile accessibility and standardisation in Galician subtitling (Romero-Fresco 2021). Finally, the paper concludes with some suggestions for possible improvements to be made to the speech recognition machine in order to accomplish the acceptable threshold of quality and, therefore, provide equal access for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.
This study explores shifts in discourse strategies in the cross-cultural communication of medical knowledge from Britain to China in the 19th century. The study adopts a novel perspective via grammatical metaphor that encodes the cognitive construal of medical knowledge. A parallel corpus was constructed containing both the original text in English and the translated text in Chinese. Extensive linguistic annotation of the corpus was carried out to identify metaphor-congruency shifts encoded grammatically as noun-to-verb and noun-to-adjective shifts between the source language and the target language. Based on empirical observations, the study uncovers important differences in communication strategies across the two texts through metaphor-congruency changes as a meaning-making choice for knowledge construal. To us, such shifts in the semiotic representation as communication strategies might represent cultural adaptations necessary for the smooth transmission of disciplinary knowledge across British and Chinese cultures. The study suggests that the cognitive underpinning of linguistic encodings is specific to explicitation and local experience, which influence how ideas and concepts are perceived and represented in medical discourse in particular and cross-cultural communication in general.
Even though academic literature has devoted much of its attention to literary translation, there is a lack of studies in the field of translation on the discursive and lexical characterization of the units that refer to fictional concepts. It is common to find denominations such as "proper names" or "neologisms," which prove to be incompatible with the definitions provided by linguistics or philosophy of language to name these lexical units. Hence, we intend to address the question ofwhether fictional particulars can be considered exclusively as "names" or "proper names" of fiction. This will eventually allow us to identify whether irrealia can be presented in the form of other lexical categories. Based on the three main narrative works by J. R. R. Tolkien (The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion), which constitute a representative sample of irrealia (3343 different units in total), an analysis ofthe lexical categories used to name fictional concepts will be carried out (both in the original works and in the translations into Spanish and French), so as to determine if irrealia can be associated only with proper nouns or whether, on the contrary, other lexical categories can be found.
This article proposes an analysis of the mediation and translation strategies used by author and translator Jean de La Chapelle (1655-1723) in the transmission of the works of Roman poet Catullus to the French seventeenth century. His approach and visibility as a translator will be studied through a close reading of Les Amours de Catulle (1680), publication in which a selection of the poems of Catullus is inserted in a novelized and romanticized biography of the author. Les Amours will be contextualized historically and linked to the precepts of free translation, one of the prevalent translation practices in the classical period, and to the galant aesthetic. We will demonstrate how the culture of translation to which La Chapelle adheres grants him a particular agency, allowing him to move away from the source text, to underline the galant traits of Catullus' poetry, and, at the same time, to bridge the gap between the (at times) vulgar language and obscure nature ofthe poems, on the one hand, and, on the other, the expectations of his contemporary audience.
With recent technological advances, lab-grown meat has been touted as a non-violent, environmentally friendly meat alternative. However, the success of lab-grown meat depends on how it is framed and perceived. This paper argues that lab-grown meat is a metaphorical translation, a rewriting, that aims to function in Turkish society. To investigate the manipulation of the patronage and the reception of lab-grown meat, a thematic analysis is conducted on a corpus of data representing public perception and the positions of various social actors that may influence the acceptance of lab-grown meat. The data includes public social media posts, news media articles, government announcements and interviews with scientists, as well as blog posts and videos from science YouTubers. The findings suggest that while political actors often engage in "translation as resistance," effectively hindering the acceptance of lab-grown meat, the media and intellectuals play a pivotal role of "translation as mediation." They work to recontextualize lab-grown meat positively, thereby crafting a more favorable public perception. This dynamic results in a spectrum of responses within T & uuml;rkiye, ranging from opposition to acceptance. This paper argues that the metaphor of translation offers broader insights into the challenges of introducing novel foods, highlighting various cultural and political factors involved in the process. Translation can play an immense role in redefining the exploitative aspects of our food production and has the potential to reshape or perpetuate existing norms within the food industry.
