Abstract We develop a finite-pulse description of seeded photon regeneration in short-pulse light-shining-through-wall searches for axions and axion-like particles. Starting from the axion-modified Maxwell equations in the weak-signal regime, we derive the regenerated electromagnetic field as a paraxial wave packet and show that the observable seeded signal is determined by projection onto a seed-defined detection mode. In the single-mode limit, this reduces to the familiar scalar interference expression, while for finite pulses, the coherent contribution is reduced by incomplete temporal, spectral, transverse, and phase overlap. For separable Gaussian modes, we obtain analytic overlap factors for timing mismatch, carrier detuning, quadratic spectral-phase mismatch, beam-size mismatch, transverse displacement, and phase jitter. We then compare direct detection, balanced homodyne, and heterodyne readout using the same mode-projected signal and simple noise models. The analysis shows that seeded short-pulse regeneration is advantageous only within a restricted operating regime requiring pulse-scale timing control, sub-radian phase stability, and seed power below the technical-noise turnover for direct detection. The framework provides a practical basis for evaluating mode matching and readout choices in short-pulse regeneration experiments.
Abstract Isolated quantum systems follow the reversible unitary evolution, which seems inconsistent with the irreversibility in macroscopic thermodynamics. We notice that such a paradox can be reconciled when focusing on the local relaxation process. Here we study the exact dynamics in an isolated system, which contains a finite number of three-level systems. When focusing on the dynamics of local states and local observables, irreversible behaviors naturally appear. Though the entropy of the full many-body state always keeps unchanged, the total correlation entropy of this system exhibits an irreversibly increasing behavior. Moreover, our variation analysis shows that, the total correlation entropy would achieve its theoretical maximum if each site is in a \emph{generalized one-body Boltzmann state}, which is not solely determined by the energy but also depends on the onsite pseudo-spins, and such a theoretical correlation maximum is highly coincident with the exact time evolution. In this sense, the total correlation entropy well serves as a generalized indicator for the dynamical irreversibility of the nonequilibrium relaxation in this isolated system.
Abstract A classically scale-invariant quadratic phase admits a homogeneous Einstein regime only after a finite Planck mass has been generated dynamically. On spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker backgrounds, this reduction is exact: $C^2$ vanishes identically, a constant Gauss-Bonnet coupling is topological, and the background equations retain only the scalar mode carried by $R^2$. A minimal Coleman-Weinberg order parameter with nonminimal coupling $\xi$ induces $\mpl^2=\xi v^2$ and gives the infrared curvature coefficient $\alphaeff=\alpha+\xi^2/(2\beff)$ after the heavy radial mode is integrated out. If the CMB pivot exists after this transmutation, the measured scalar amplitude fixes $\alphaeff\sim10^9$, selecting a narrow threshold corridor, scalaron mass $m_\phi\sim3\times10^{13}\GeV$, reheating temperature $T_{\rm reh}\sim10^9\GeV$, and heavy-threshold hierarchy $m_\sigma^2/H_*^2\simeq24\xi$ for a subdominant bare $R^2$ term. The homogeneous exit of quadratic gravity is therefore a quantitative sequence of Planck-mass transmutation, infrared threshold closure, and scalaron reheating, not a freely adjustable interpolation.
Abstract Based on a coupled resonator array, we theoretically construct and numerically simulate a nonlinear quantum optics platform to dynamically control the Bloch wavevector. By scanning the modulation parameters (α, k y ), we reproduce the Hofstadter's butterfly structure in the biphoton energy spectrum and reveal clear correspondences among the eigenenergy spectrum, transmission spectrum, and biphoton joint spectral intensity (JSI). Further research demonstrates that screening the pump wavelength can effectively tailor the JSI profile and the Schmidt number of the quantum state, enabling flexible manipulation of frequency entanglement characteristics. This work provides a theoretical framework for exploring quantum state generation and manipulation in nonlinear topological photonic systems and demonstrates the potential for realizing programmable quantum light sources in integrated quantum photonic circuits.
Recent critiques have addressed certain aspects of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) effective metric (Ong 2023). This study presents a scale-dependent quadratic GUP effective metric, constructed through analyses of the gravity-induced phase shift (COW experiment) and the Einstein-Bohr photon box Gedanken experiment. In contrast to the procedure outlined in (Xiang et al. 2018), the momentum-dependent metric is improved by introducing an interpolating function Δp (r), which employs the effective distance concept to accurately capture the distinct behavior of Δp (r) in both short and long distance regimes. The resulting effective metric exhibits the same structure as that derived from the Renormalization Group (RG) theory. However, the RG parameter can now be related to the dimensionless GUP parameter β_0, thereby distinguishing this metric from the RG-based approach. The corresponding effective metric prediction demonstrates internal consistency of the model, and phenomenologically the predictions are in agreement with some quantum black hole models in some limits. The effective metric improved black hole thermodynamics and shadow predictions compared to the heuristic approach and other proposed GUP effective metrics. Furthermore, the relationship between GUP and f(R) gravity (D'Agostino et al. 2026) may provide a possible future route toward a more fundamental description of GUP.
Abstract The asymptotic stability of Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems is investigated by using multi-rate sampled-data control (MRSDC) and a refined fuzzy Lyapunov function (FLF). Firstly, a multi-rate sampling mechanism is introduced, to accommodate system variables with differing dynamic rates. It enables sensors to acquire data at rates aligned with variable characteristics and performance requirements. Secondly, to mitigate conservativeness in stability analysis, a refined FLF is constructed to fully exploit state information at multi-rate sampling instants. Based on this functional, a corresponding stability analysis method is developed and a control gain design algorithm is designed. Finally, simulation examples of a spring system and a truck-trailer system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The network dismantling problem (NDP), which seeks to fragment a network into subcritical components by removing a minimal set of vertices, is a fundamental challenge in complex network science with broad applications in infrastructure protection and epidemic control. Physically, the NDP maps to the problem of finding the ground state of a disordered spin system, a task known to be NP-hard. Consequently, exact solutions have remained computationally intractable for all but the smallest graphs, leaving a critical gap in evaluating the true optimality of widely used heuristic algorithms. In this work, we bridge this gap by presenting an exact dismantling algorithm based on a branch-and-bound framework. By efficiently pruning the solution space based on connected component formation, our method determines the exact ground states for regular random graphs up to 70 nodes and Erd & odblac;s-R & eacute;nyi graphs up to 80 nodes. These rigorous results serve as a definitive benchmark, revealing the precise optimality gap of popular approximation methods such as Collective Influence and CoreHD. Furthermore, we leverage our exact approach to optimize heuristic strategies, demonstrating a 1%-4% improvement in dismantling efficiency on larger networks.
Exploring anisotropic dynamics in exotic superconductors or superfluids with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is essential for understanding the role of SOC in these systems. We theoretically calculate the density dynamical structure factor of a two-dimensional Fermi superfluid with Raman-type SOC and investigate its primary anisotropic dynamical characteristics under varying SOC strengths during the Lifshitz phase transition. Owing to the recoil momentum of the SOC laser beam, both the collective phonon mode and the single-particle excitations exhibit distinct anisotropic behavior. In contrast to superfluids without SOC, the phonon mode under SOC not only has a shorter lifetime due to stronger competition with single-particle excitations but also exhibits an anisotropic sound velocity. The sound velocity initially decreases and then increases as the SOC strength increases. Moreover, three types of threshold energies for single-particle excitations to break Cooper pairs are identified, which elucidate the complex edge curves of the dynamical structure factor.
Abstract Contribution in Commun. Theor. Phys. has come out in the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani direction, and currently we endeavor to enhance the completeness along such a direction. Applicable to the shallow water waves, in this paper, we study a couple of the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani systems. We work out four auto-Backlund transformations via a noncharacteristic movable singular manifold, along with eight families of the solitonic and analytic solutions. All the results in this paper count on the coefficients in the original systems. Different selections of those coefficients could be useful to learn about the shallow-water-wave dynamics of our auto-Backlund transformations, solitons and analytic solutions for the original systems.
We investigate the topological and localization properties of a quasiperiodic one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model modulated by an interpolating Aubry-Andr & eacute;-Fibonacci function. In the Aubry-Andr & eacute; (AA) limit, the system undergoes a topological phase transition from a topological insulator to a topological Anderson insulator by increasing the quasiperiodic potential strength. Moreover, we show the existence of three distinct pure phases including the extended, localized and critical phases. By calculating the inverse participation ratio, normalized participation ratio, and fractal dimension, we demonstrate that the multiple localization transitions occur when tuning the quasiperiodic potential strength at a moderate value of interpolating parameter beta. These reentrant phenomena which are absent in the standard AA-modulated SSH chain, develop gradually during the interpolation and eventually vanish for large beta. Furthermore, two different types of mobility edges emerge in the intermediate phase, which separate the extended from the localized states, and the localized from the critical states.
The unbound calcium cations in the cytoplasmic matrix are imperative for numerous visceral and cellular functions. Changes in calcium concentration result in neuronal death, initiating the primary symptoms of the neuronal disease. Considering the above-mentioned points, the main objective of this research is to create a two-dimensional model in order to examine the spatial distribution patterns of calcium in neuronal cells. This model includes key parameters including buffer concentration, diffusion coefficient, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The proposed model is classified as an imprecise boundary value problem, with boundary conditions represented by triangular fuzzy functions. Additionally, research suggests that establishing a single solution for a specific issue effectively eliminates inherent ambiguity within the problem by employing a strategy based on linear transformation principles. We derived an estimated calcium profile using the fuzzy undetermined coefficient approach and compared the solutions with linear transformation principles. The significant impact of the buffer and ER has been obtained using a two-dimensional fuzzy boundary value problem. The solution was executed using MATLAB, and numerical results were obtained using simulation. The proposed model provides novel insights into the effect of dysregulation of calcium profile in the fuzzy environment, leading to the neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract The formation of phonon band gaps is a fundamental feature of many periodic systems with internal structural asymmetry and plays an important role in lattice dynamics and wave propagation. Binary complex plasmas provide a controllable model system for investigating collective excitations under strongly coupled conditions. In this work the phonon band structure of one-dimensional binary complex plasma chains is studied using Langevin dynamics simulations with particular attention to the robustness of phonon band gaps under realistic plasma conditions. While ideal theoretical models predict a clear separation between acoustic and optical branches it remains unclear whether this feature can persist in the presence of thermal fluctuations and dissipation. The present results show that the phonon band gap survives beyond the ideal limit and exhibits systematic variations with particle and plasma parameters. In particular particle size is found to play a key role through its combined influence on particle inertia and electrostatic interactions. These results provide physical insight into collective excitations in strongly coupled systems and demonstrate that complex plasmas offer a useful platform for exploring tunable phononic behavior in ordered many body lattices.
The Gaussian-state theory (GST) for bosons provides a self-consistent description for the Bose-Einstein condensates with quantum fluctuations. However, the corresponding numerical calculation of the ground-state wave function requires substantial computational resources. Noting that the Gaussian-state wave function can be factorized into a multimode coherent-squeezed state, we develop an effective theory for GST by analytically deriving the imaginary-time evolution equations for the mode functions and occupation numbers. Since, in typical situations, only a limited number of squeezed modes are occupied, the effective theory can significantly reduce the required computational resources in numerical computations. Finally, we validate the effective theory using self-bound dipolar droplets.
Abstract In this paper, the parameter-constrained long wave limit method is proposed to investigate the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries system. This method overcomes the limitation of the conventional approach caused by the special cross-term structure and enables the analytical construction of the lump and one-lump- M -stripe solutions. For M = 1 and M = 2 , explicit formulas are presented and the corresponding dynamic behaviors are analyzed. The lump wave moves from the position determined by one polynomial function to another after collision, with only a phase shift. The two stripe waves exhibit either crossing or overtaking behavior. This work extends the applicability of the long wave limit method and deepens the understanding of elastic interaction in high-dimensional integrable systems.
Abstract We investigate how the Hawking effect reshapes distinct quantum resources of Dirac fields in Schwarzschild spacetime beyond the single-mode approximation. By quantifying quantum entanglement and coherence using the negativity, the $l_1$-norm of coherence and the relative entropy of coherence, we observe a significant asymmetry in their response to gravitational effects. While the Hawking effect monotonically degrades entanglement and drives it toward a finite residual value, quantum coherence is instead monotonically amplified with increasing Hawking temperature, revealing the black hole as an effective decohering environment for nonlocal correlations but a coherence-enhancing mechanism for local superposition. Notably, we further find that under the influence of the Hawking effect, the maximally entangled state does not necessarily correspond to the largest initial negativity. In fact, its value may even be smaller than that of certain non-maximally entangled states. Our results demonstrate that gravity acts in a highly nonuniform manner on different facets of quantumness and highlight the necessity of resource-adapted state engineering for relativistic quantum information processing near the event horizon of the black hole.
Abstract The Photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) offers fundamental insights into spin–orbit interactions of light, yet its control over compact, tunable platforms remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the PSHE in a solid-state platform of N -coupled quantum dots (CQDs), focusing on both the linear absorption and Kerr nonlinear regimes. On this platform, an external electric field controls electron tunneling between CQDs, resulting in multiple tunneling-induced transparency windows. We report a giant enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity, achieving orders-of-magnitude increases while suppressing linear absorption—a domain that is favorable for low-power nonlinear photonics. Exploiting this, we demonstrate that the PSHE shift can be drastically enhanced and controlled by tuning the excited-state transition frequency and tunneling strengths, which significantly modify the Brewster angle. This active nonlinear control improves static nanostructures by combining the tunability of atomic systems with the functionality of an integrable quantum material. Our results establish N -CQDs as a viable platform for producing giant Kerr nonlinearity-driven PSHE, opening up new possibilities for tunable low-power spin–orbit light control in quantum photonics.
We investigate the effective interaction and synthetic mutual gauge field between two polar molecules subject to a combination of a static electric field (E-field) and a blue-detuned circularly polarized microwave. We consider all rotational states strongly coupled by the static E-field (up to J = 9) and demonstrate that the effective inter-molecular potential exhibits three distinct behaviors as the E-field strength increases. Specifically, two critical field strengths, denoted as ( ) E-c((1)) and E-c((2)) (E-c((1))< E-c((2))), mark the transitions. When the static E-field strength E-z is below E-c((1)), the effective interaction is characterized by an anti-dipolar potential with a shortrange repulsive barrier. For E-c((1))< E-z < E-c((2)), the long-range potential becomes dipolar, but it still features a short-range repulsive barrier. However, when E-z exceeds E-c((2)), the effective potential becomes attractive along the field axis, signaling the breakdown of three-dimensional shielding. Additionally, the synthetic magnetic flux outside the shielding core is widely tunable, ranging from nearly zero to values approaching 2 pi, offering a mechanism for engineering the adiabatic gauge effects arising from microwave shielding.
Abstract Quantum battery charging in an optimized manner is of significance in quantum state engineering and technology. This paper presents an efficient scheme for rapidly charging a superconducting qutrit battery via shortcuts to adiabaticity. A qutrit battery of a superconducting quantum circuit having sufficient level anharmonicity is driven by two classical microwave fields, constituting an effective Λ -configuration interaction. Within the framework of invariant-based inverse engineering, the fast charging of the qutrit battery can be realized through suitably designing the Rabi frequencies without the restriction of adiabatic criterion. Numerical simulations showcase that high-efficiency charging could be obtained in the presence of noise decoherence and timing error. Thus the scheme could pave a feasible avenue to investigate qutrit battery charging in a fast and robust way in experiments.
Abstract This paper develops a stochastic variant of the non-Boussinesq wavepacket model, an nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) type envelope description for internal wave packets in strongly stratified media. Multiplicative Stratonovich noise is introduced in the carrier phase to represent environmental fluctuations. A gauge transformation with a traveling wave reduction yields a deterministic Hamiltonian envelope system that admits periodic wavetrains, localized pulse profiles, and kink type fronts across relevant parameter regimes. A modulational instability analysis identifies the sideband growth condition and shows how higher order dispersion shifts the unstable band, while phase noise does not change the leading growth rate. To probe complexity under weak periodic forcing, a Melnikov analysis predicts transverse manifold intersections and the onset of chaotic dynamics, supported by numerical sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. The framework links stochastic modeling and nonlinear wave dynamics and provides practical diagnostics for stability, coherence, and complexity in non Boussinesq media and in related NLS type systems.
