This study aimed to determine the characteristics of actors in the production sharing system of beef cattle (breeders and owners of capital) in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from April to June 2021. The population was all beef cattle production sharing system actors in Patimpeng District, Bone Regency. The sample was the perpetrators of the profit-sharing system of beef cattle in Masago Village, Patimpeng District, Bone Regency, as many as 25 breeders and 10 owners of capital. Analysis of the data used is descriptive quantitative analysis with percentages. The results showed that the characteristics of the actors of the profit-sharing system of beef cattle, namely breeders and owners of capital, had differences in terms of age, education, number of dependents, experience raising and type of work
This study aimed to identify internal and external factors for the development of the broiler business in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted from March to April 2022. Located in Bontobahari District, Bulukumba Regency. The type of research used is descriptive research. The sample in this study was all farmers in Bontobahari District, Bulukumba Regency, namely 34 farmers. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. The data collection method used in this research is a field study in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation, as well as library studies. The analysis of the data used is a descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that internal conditions include: availability of land; good water sources; good quality products, good road access, good breeding experience, productive age of breeders, location close to settlements; poor application of biosecurity, limited capital, lack of control from partners. Meanwhile, external conditions include increasing job opportunities, high demand for broiler broilers, advances in information technology, increasing job opportunities, the number of similar businesses, production technology needs to be improved again, and chicken diseases.
This study was conducted to determine how the effect of waiting time on the sale of buffalo in Bolu Market, North Toraja Regency. This study uses an explanatory quantitative method which aims to explain the relationship between waiting time and the selling price of striped buffalo in the North Toraja sponge market. The population and sample in this study were 41 traders using non-probability sampling technique with the type used, namely saturated sampling or commonly referred to as a census. Analysis of the data used, namely the T test is used to test the hypothesis of the influence of individual independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that there is no effect of waiting time on the sale of buffalo at Bolu Market, North Toraja Regency, but is influenced by other factors such as skin color, horns, body posture and other factors
Nile tilapia is considered to be one of most common fish species that has great potential in the freshwater aquaculture industry in Sudan. This study aimed to assess the effects on the growth and body composition of O. niloticus fingerlings by replacing the dietary fish meal (FM) with various plant powders. FM has been replaced in the basic diet of O. niloticus with peanut, millet, sorghum and wheat polish. Two hundred fish fingers (5 g) were divided into four equal groups. The growth parameters of the fish were calculated after 90 days of feeding. The levels of crude protein, fat, fiber, moisture and ash in experimental diets showed differences between the diets. In general, the lowest levels of crude protein, fat, fiber, moisture and ash were found in fish fed with sorghum. In summary, this study contributes to the ongoing research into the use of vegetable proteins as an alternative to fish diet, which are both cheaper and valuable sources of protein.
Research on farmer-livestock groups' perceptions of cattle assistance from the Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of South Sulawesi Province in Soppeng Regency was carried out in February - March 2022. This location was chosen because Soppeng Regency is one of the areas that received cattle assistance programs from the Livestock and Animal Husbandry Office. Animal Health and success in the development of beef cattle population and also in Soppeng Regency has a very strategic beef cattle farming business development. This research uses descriptive quantitative research, which describes or illustrates the perception of farmers/breeders towards the cattle assistance program from the Department of Livestock and Animal Health of South Sulawesi Province in Soppeng Regency. The number of samples in this study were 42 farmers with deliberate sampling. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis using a Likert scale. Based on the results of research on farmer perceptions of the beef cattle assistance program provided by the government through the Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of South Sulawesi Province in Soppeng Regency, it was found that the perception of cattle farmers with indicators of farmer income, mindset, breeding methods, population increase, and quality livestock received by farmers are in the high category because they are more likely to agree with the beef cattle assistance program.
This study aims to determine the implementation and performance of partnerships using open houses and closed house cage systems. This research was conducted in March-April 2022. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research. The number of samples used was 5 closed house respondents and 5 open house respondents using the purposive sampling method. The methods of collecting data through observation and interviews. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis with qualitative data types and quantitative data types. Based on the research conducted, it is known that the implementation and performance of partnerships in the livestock business in Mamuju Regency, which consists of open house and closed house types, can be said to be mutually beneficial for both parties, both the core and plasma companies. The maintenance performance of plasma broiler breeders in open house type cages was lower, namely IP 387 and 5.06% compared to closed house type cages with IP 408 and a depletion of 3.81%. The FCR in the two types of cages is not much different, namely 1,549 in the open house type and 1,548 in the closed house type. The harvest process is the full decision of the core company, so that the harvest age is 36.41 days with a harvest period of 18.4 days in the open house type, which is longer than the closed house type, which is 18 days with a harvest period of 34.81 days.
Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are dangerous foodborne pathogens that represent a severe public health issue worldwide. Raw foods are considered an important source of STEC infection in humans. Objective: In the current study, STEC contamination was investigated in 80 raw foods (chicken, beef, and milk) and water collected from different localities of Greater Cairo using Real-Time PCR. Moreover, the virulence genes of isolates were characterized. Results: STEC was detected in eight samples, (7 beef and 1 chicken), which represent about 10% of the tested samples. Positive beef and chicken samples show the presence of 13 and 2 STEC genes, respectively. Five samples were positive for eaeA (intemin), two samples were positive for stx1 gene and eight samples were positive for stx2 gene. Beef samples reveal the highest incidence of virulence gene stx2 (35%), followed by eaeA (20%), then stx1 (10%). The incidence of STEC was lower in chicken samples and the prevalence of virulence gene was 5% for stx2 and eaeA, respectively. Stx2 gene was the most prevalent subtype identified in beef samples. Serotyping of isolated STEC strains (14) revealed isolation of seven STEC strains belong to O157 serogroup, two strains belong to O111and five strains belong to serogroup O26. Conclusion: The current study concluded that recovery of STEC from raw chicken and beef samples is of important concern.
The evaluation of antimicrobial study of few medicinally used plants to control the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms. The standard protocols with slight modifications were utilized to prepare silver nanoparticles using five medicinal plants extracts namely, Juniperus exclsa, Moringa oleifera, Prosopis juliflora, Pithecellobium dulce and Eucalyptus globulus, were randomly collected from Jeddah and Taif city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The formation of nanoparticles was observed by UV/Vis spectra and further characterization has been carried out by different analytical techniques. The shape, size and morphology of nanoparticles were observed by SEM and TEM images. The prepared extracts and nanoparticles were tested for antimicrobial study and the total phenolics of the methanolic extract was confirmed by GCMS and HPLC techniques. The nanoparticles were assessed against five microorganisms such as Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231and fungi Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404.
The role of soil solarization and biofumigation on Fusarium and nematode diseases of cucumber and tomato was investigated in this study. Appropriate antifungal and nematicidal biofumigant were selected by in vitro screening of 5 cultivated crops (Mustard, cauliflower, cabbage, radish and broccoli), and 5 weeds (Eruca sativa, Nasturium sp., Lepidium sp., Diplotaxa sp. and SisymbriumirioL.) against Fusarium oxysporum and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Broccoli leaf extract was found to be the most effective in inhibiting mycelia growth of F. oxysorrium. While, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli were found to have the most nematicidal activity against M. incognita, respectively. Biofumigation with brassicaceous green manures for controlling F. oxysporium and root knot nematode on cucumber was evaluated under field conditions during two subsequent growing seasons in Al-Baq'a and Al-Karama area. Results indicated that using brassica residues significantly reduced the root galling index in both locations. Also, results showed a significant increase in the yield when the brassica residues were used. Moreover, using residues of cabbage and cauliflower were as effective as Vydate in reducing nematode infection and significantly reduced the gall index. Using brassica residues exhibit a significant reduction in the incidence of infestation of F. oxysporum at Al-Karama area. In another experiment soil solarization and biofumigant were applied alone or in combination to be evaluated to manage the soil borne disease of cucumber in the field. Among the different treatments, combined application of soil solarization and biofumigation was appeared to be superior in a significant reduction in root galling and disease incidence of F. oxysporum compared with solarization alone or only biofumigation, also using biofumigation with solarization resulted in a significant increase in the yield compared with the other treatments.
This study aimed to examine the effect of supplementing moringa leaf meal on offal Mojosari ducks. This study used 60 female Mojosari ducks aged 3 weeks and used three different types of feed as treatments and one different type of feed as controls, with three replications for each treatment. The treatment with feed supplementation was P0 = 0% moringa leaf meal, P1 = 5% moringa leaf meal, P2 = 10% moringa leaf powder, and P3 = 15% moringa leaf meal. The parameters observed were offal, consisting of liver, heart, head, legs, feathers, and blood. The data obtained in this study were processed using analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of moringa leaf powder had no effect (non-significant) (P > 0.05) on the offal of Mojosari ducks, namely the weight of the liver, heart, and feathers, while the weight of the head, legs, and blood showed a significant effect (P<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that the addition of moringa leaf meal generally had an impact on the weight of the offal component of Mojosari ducks at the 15% level.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes nosocomial infections and contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality. The bacteria are not airborne, so you can't contract a K. pneumoniae infection by breathing the same air as an infected person. Instead, K. pneumoniae is spread through direct person-to-person contact, such as when someone with contaminated hands touches a wound. Infections can also occur through the use of contaminated medical equipment. For example, people on ventilators can contract Klebsiella pneumonia if their breathing tubes are contaminated with the bacteria. Similarly, the use of contaminated intravenous catheters can lead to bloodstream infections. The symptoms of a K. pneumoniae infection differ depending on where the infection is located and are similar to symptoms of the same diseases caused by other microbes. For instance, meningitis from K. pneumoniae produces the hallmark symptoms of bacterial meningitis, including fever, confusion, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to bright lights. Bloodstream infections (bacteremia and sepsis) from Klebsiella can cause fever, chills, fatigue, light-headedness, and altered mental states. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia (MDR-KP).
This study aim to determine the role of gender at pig farming in Poso Regency. This research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022. The type of research used was descriptive research. The number of samples used in this study were 33 farmer families using a simple random sampling method by lottery. The data collection method used was by observation and interviews. Analysis of the data used was descriptive analysis. The research revealed that gender roles based on the aspect of male access dominated conducting counseling/training activities and accessing information. Gender roles based on control aspects were dominated by women and also shared. Gender roles based on aspects of decision-making were mostly done together and gender roles based on aspects of benefits, both men and women felt the same benefits from raising pigs.
Finding naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds with little danger to human health is essential since microorganisms are growing more and more resistant to antibiotics. This work evaluated ethanolic extracts of Avicennia marina (A.marina) leaves, roots, and fruits for their antibacterial efficacy against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). The ethanolic extraction method was used to obtain the plant extracts. On VREF, the agar well diffusion method was utilized to test the extracts' antibacterial efficacy. On the other hand, the agar disk diffusion method was employed to examine the antibacterial effectiveness of antibiotics. For A.marina extracts, the inhibitory zone in the leaf was approximately 14.5 mm, whereas the leaf extract (Conc. 50%) had a less significant effect (10.5 mm). According to a phytochemical study, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenes, and glycosides were found in A. marina leaf, fruit, and root extracts. Using liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-IT-MS), A.marina was discovered to be a potential source of bioactive compounds with high medicinal value.
This research aimed to know the business profit analysis of rejected laying hen traders. This research was conducted at the Palakka Central Market located in Bone Regency. The type of research conducted in this research is quantitative. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, which is data in the form of numbers. Quantitative data includes data on the number of sales, operating costs, and income of rejected laying hens. The population, namely the number of sellers of rejected laying hens amounted to 8 people. The data obtained from the interviews of respondents in the field were processed and tabulated, and then the data were analyzed. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the profit of the highest rejected layer (layer) traders was IDR. 3,454,075 and the least profit was amounting to IDR. 2,594,563 in one month. This profit itself was influenced by the costs incurred by the merchant and the amount sold to the buyer.
This study aimed to determine the characteristics of women who carry out activities in natural silk agribusiness in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi province. The research was conducted from October to December 2021 in Soppeng Regency. The population was all women who carried out silkworm agribusiness activities in the Soppeng district. The sample was women who carry out agribusiness activities in Donri-Donri sub-district and Lilirilau sub-districts. Analysis of the data used was descriptive statistics, namely the frequency distribution. The results showed that the age of female respondents was in the productive age, the average was formal education, the largest number of family dependents was in the range of 0-3 people, the experience of respondents in carrying out silkworm agribusiness activities was mainly in the range of 6-20 years.
This study aimed to determine the difference in birth weight and 3-month weight of Bali cattle that were reared at different heights. This research was carried out on January 20, 2022, located in Barru Regency. The results showed that Bali cattle at an altitude of <100 masl ( 14.26±0.45a ) differed from birth weight at an altitude of >200 masl (14.00 0.75 b). This indicates that the altitude has a significant effect on cattle birth weight,;the higher the place, the lower the birth weight. The low birth weight of cattle is due to the semi-intensive cattle rearing management ssystem,and the grazing process for cows in lowland areas tends to be better than in highland areas with hilly topography. Based on the body weight of 3 months old Bali cattle from the results of the study the average weight of Bali cattle at an altitude of <100 masl was of 64.86 ± 7.37 kg in average, while at an altitude of 100-200 masl was of 64.06 ± 7.98 kg in average and at an altitude of >200 was of 62.90 ± 7.83 kg in average. This shows that the weight of the cow calf at 3 months’ measurement is not different, and that the place’s altitude has no significant effect on body weight of 3 months old cattle. Artificial insemination (AI) and natural mating methods had a significant effect on birth weight. The average birth weight of calves from cows using the AI method was 16.48 ± 1.27 kg and in natural mating, the average birth weight was 14.08 ±0.63 kg. The average calf weight with the AI mating method was 70.68 4.11 kg, and the average calf weight with the natural mating method was 57.20 3.77 kg, based on the weight of 3-month-old Bali cattle and the results of research with the AI mating method. This is because the growth rate at 3 months of age is still considered fast growth and the weaning period is still dependent on the parent. The conclusion of this study was that the birth weight and 3-month weight of Bali cattle are influenced by different altitudes. The weight of Bali cattle calves at an altitude of <100 masl was significantly different from an altitude of >200 masl. Birth weight and 3-month weight of cattle with the AI mating method were better than the natural mating method
Endophytic fungi, which have been reported in numerous plant species, are essential components of the wild plants’ community and contribute significantly to natural ecosystems' diversity. The study aims to evaluate and characterize, at the molecular level, the diversity and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from wild plants in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaves and stems of plants, including Juniperus excelsa, Ziziphus spina-christi, Aacacia gerradii, Rumex nervosus, Lavandula dentate, Hypoestes forskaolii, Ficus palmata, Eucalyptus smithii and Conyza bonariensis collected from Taif, Saudi Arabia. About 25 different species belonging to 16 genera were recovered. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the collected endophytic isolates were sequenced. The most prevalent fungi were identified as Hypocopra, Aspergillus, Coniothyrium, Chaetomium, Bipolaris, Dothideomycetes, Penicillium, Phoma, Mucor, Readeriella, Leptosphaerulina, Neodidymelliopsis, and Thielavia. Seven of the endophytic fungi isolates exhibited vigorous antimicrobial activity to some microbial pathogens tested. Fungal sp. has the highest inhibition against the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococeus faecium and Streptococcus agalactiae
Since ancient times, drinking water quality has played a significant role in human diseases and infections. In Jeddah, the drinking water choices are mostly bottled water or water available in plastic containers after processing at private water treatment stations. A total of 30 drinking water samples were obtained from many sources in Jeddah, KSA: mineral water (13 samples) and tap water (17 samples). Microbiological tests were used, including a negative and positive Gram stain test for these colonies and determining the type of bacteria. To identify bacterially, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used in this study. Following that, the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics is tested. The results showed that the microbial cultures were of different isolates. We confirmed that these results by microbiological examination and molecular identification found a difference between the study samples. Fifty-three bacteria were isolated from 30 samples, 34 (64.15%) tap water samples, and 19(35.85%) mineral water samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria. The highest bacterial contamination, 86.6% of all samples, was found in the tap water in 50% of samples, while 36.6% was found in mineral water. Microbiological tests and molecular diagnostic methods make it simpler and faster to shorten the detection time of drinking water contamination. The results of the current study suggest that mineral water is a better source of potable water in Jeddah than tap water. However, there may be pollution in the water at the reservoirs rather than at the water sources
The level of performance of the extension worker is an important thing to note so that the farmer farmers feel satisfied with the performance of the extension worker. The level of satisfaction of farmer farmers in the implementation of extension is divided into three stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. If the implementation of regular counseling is in accordance with the needs of farmers, it will be applied to their business so that it will increase. This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of beef cattle breeders in the beginner ability class to the performance level of extension workers in Barru District, Kaupaten Barru. This research was conducted from July to September 2021. The type of research used was descriptive quantitative. The size of the sample in this study was determined using the Slovin formula, namely 16 farmers/breeders. The research analysis method used in this study is a descriptive analysis of the Impormance Performance Analysis (IPA), and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results of this study indicate that in the beginner ability class, it is known that the results of the calculation of the IPA analysis have an average value of importance level (y) is 2.98 and the average value of performance level (x) is 2.99, the average TKi value is 99.87. CSI calculation which states the level of satisfaction at an interval of 60 percent or 0.60. This value has not been maximized or in the quite satisfactory category, so livestock farmer groups must continue to strive to improve performance. Meanwhile, the performance of attributes in quadrant II must be maintained so that in its development it can increase the CSI value
The need for compost as a source of organic fertilizer is increasing along with the increasing human food needs. Compost is a collection of organic materials that have undergone a decomposition process so that they change shape and are no longer recognized in their original form. Compost is black in color and odorless. The purpose of the study was to determine the quality of compost produced from a mixture of cattle feces and laying hens using rice waste as a medium for decomposers. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern, 3 x 2 with 3 replications. Factor I is a combination of feces (cattle:laying hens); (1) M1 (100%:0%); (2) M2 (50%:50%) and (3) M3 (0%:100%). Factor II is the level of decomposers (1) D1 (1%) and (2) D2 (5%). Parameters measured were color, pH, compost temperature. The results showed that the different combinations of feces from cattle and laying hens had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the color value, pH and temperature of the compost. The different levels of decomposers significantly affected (p<0,01) on the pH value and temperature of the compost, but did not affect (p>0.05) to the color value of the compost. The results of the study concluded that the application of a combination of M2 (cattle:laying hens) feces (50%:50) with a decomposer level of 1% (D1) produced the best compost characteristics and met the requirements set by the government
