Data is the primary factor of production in the digital economy, playing a role in promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy and smoothing the national economic cycle. After entering the circulation system of the real economy, data is rapidly integrated into production, circulation, consumption, distribution, and other links. It optimizes resource allocation, unblocks circulation channels, promotes accurate matching of supply and demand, stimulates emerging demand, and forms a virtuous circle of digital technology application, traditional physical enterprise transformation, and technological innovation. Integrated development is an important feature of the digital economy. Data promotes the integration of factors of production, products, enterprises, industries, and markets, which fosters a circular system with deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. To promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, the government and business entities should take measures to improve the circular efficiency of the digital economy and the real economy. These measures include attaching importance to the role of data-driven development, improving data capacity, data development, and utilization in enterprises, exploring diverse circulation models of enterprise data, and creating typical application scenarios and industrial data spaces.
Based on the panel data of 204 cities from 2008 to 2020, the study first uses the mixed OLS model and two-way fixed effect model to verify the direct impact of tourism on the urban-rural income gap. Next, we employ the instrumental variable method, as well as estimation methods such as 2SLS and GMM, to test for endogeneity problem present in the study. Furthermore, the mediating effect model is used to examine the mechanism through which tourism affects the urban-rural income disparity. The findings indicate that rural infrastructure acts as an intermediary between tourism development and the reduction of the urban-rural income disparity. Furthermore, the impact of tourism on narrowing the income gap seems to diminish gradually from the western regions to the eastern ones.
加快经济发展方式的绿色转型,核心问题是加快工业发展方式的绿色转型.党的十八大以来,生态环境保护上升到前所未有的国家战略高度,相关政策文件密集出台,随着这些政策措施落地,工业发展方式绿色转型取得了一定成效,但也存在发展困境.在实现"双碳"目标的艰巨任务下,需积极应对工业能耗结构难以快速转变、工业绿色技术发展储备不足、工业产业结构优化升级压力较大、工业区域发展关系面临调整难题、工业绿色转型的体制机制不完善等挑战.要培育绿色市场需求对工业发展方式绿色转型的导向功能,加强绿色技术创新对工业发展方式绿色转型的促进作用,深化绿色制度创新对工业发展方式绿色转型的推动机制,提升绿色对外贸易对工业发展方式绿色转型的引领效应.
集聚效应是加快城市化进程、推动创新与技术发展的重要驱动因素之一.通过对我国300余个城市近20年人口集聚水平的变迁分析发现,伴随着人口流动与人口集聚水平提升,整体上城市间的人均GDP差距收窄,分布更为均衡;对人口集聚水平与产出效率间的规律探索显示,人口密度、就业密度与产出效率存在较为明显的正相关关系.为了更全面地衡量我国城市化水平,将"人口稠密率"指标作为对城镇化率评价的重要补充,进而将"人口稠密率"纳入经济增长预测模型,对2022-2030年不变价GDP增速进行预测,结果显示2022-2030年我国GDP年均复合增速约在5.03％左右.从空间分布深度挖掘人口集聚红利,协同驱动城市发展和乡村振兴,是新发展格局下实现高质量发展的关键点.因此,要逐步打破市场分割,提升生产要素的空间配置效率;协调大城市和中小城市的发展,充分发挥核心城市的带动和辐射作用;增强城乡区域发展协调性,处理好城市"新二元结构"问题.
当前财政空间的紧运行态势逐渐突出,预算绩效管理是扩大财政空间的有效方法之一.特别是对于法定支出而言,其战略性增长、时滞性和不确定性等特殊性质给绩效管理带来新的挑战,层层加码的法定支出责任使不同层级政府间绩效监管主体责任和侧重点难以确定.而当前法定支出绩效管理也存在项目执行率低、绩效管理动力不足、目标指标设置和预算编制不够科学等问题.为了在当前财政空间紧运行下深化法定支出绩效管理,可以从战略变革、支出分类管理、绩效评价结果应用,以及不同层级间的绩效管理体系建设等方面加以具体谋划.
中国式农业现代化是以社会主义集体所有制为基础、以农民为主体的现代化,有别于历史上已经出现过的农业现代化模式,具有明显不同的时空背景、价值目标和实现路径.在我国农业现代化进程中,制度适变性演化、技术创新扩散和渐进式市场化转型,一直发挥着主动力作用,但不同阶段呈现不同的作用形式.推进中国式农业现代化,面临多重目标兼容难度上升、激励边际效应减弱、城乡要素资源结构性错配、外部冲击影响加深等挑战,需守稳守牢粮食安全底线,深化农业供给侧结构性改革,处理好农民与土地、"统"与"分"、开放发展与产业安全等重大关系,推进制度成熟化定型化、要素配置市场化、经营形式多样化、三次产业融合化、农业发展数字化,全面提高农业劳动生产率、资源利用率和全要素生产率.
推进城乡要素合理配置是促进乡村内生发展、破解城乡发展不平衡问题、全面推进乡村振兴的战略举措.新时代以来,聚焦劳动力、土地、资金等关键发展要素,我国深入推动农业转移人口市民化,以市场化推进土地要素改革,健全金融、财政支农体制机制,特别是推动人才、资金等发展要素大量向农村流动,改变了过去要素由乡到城单向流动的格局,优化了城乡要素投入结构、提高了要素配置效率.我国城乡要素配置改革可概括为盘活、流动、保护、公平四个关键词,盘活即推动更多要素参与市场交易,流动即破除阻碍要素自由流动的梗阻,保护即赋权与强化产权强度,公平即推动实现区域要素禀赋均衡.我国城乡要素配置改革既有着各国现代化的共同特征,也体现了中国特色,是对以人民为中心思想的生动实践,充分彰显了中国式现代化的本质要求和深邃理论内涵.立足农业农村现代化、全面建设社会主义现代化国家等宏伟目标,要紧扣中国式现代化的本质要求,坚持盘活、流动、保护、公平的改革方向,持续推进城乡要素合理配置.
本文基于WIOT2016和ADB—MRIOT构建了我国2000-2020年分行业的投入产出数据,在估算各行业资本和劳动投入的基础上,考察了我国整体和分行业的要素配置效率及其与全要素生产率之间的关系.研究发现,2000年以来我国整体要素配置效率呈现先下降后上升的"U"型趋势,农、林、牧、渔业的配置效率持续改善,而金融业的配置效率持续降低.资本配置效率下降是导致我国2000-2015年要素配置效率逐渐下降的主因,在供给侧结构性改革之后,我国要素配置效率明显上升但与发达国家及最优配置水平之间仍有一定距离.反事实分析表明,配置效率改善具有较大的生产率效应,我国要素配置效率在达到美国和加拿大要素配置效率水平时的全要素生产率水平可分别提升28.02％和25.23％,处于最优状况下可提升约37.3％.为优化我国资源配置效率及提升全要素生产率增长速度,应进一步发挥有为政府和有效市场在要素配置中的作用,促进各类人才在市场间自由合理流动,提升人力资本水平,继续深化供给侧结构性改革,降低资本要素在行业间的错配程度;着力推动制造业转型升级,加大对制造业企业研发的支持力度,扭转制造业行业技术进步增速普遍下滑的趋势.
产业链创新链融合发展是促进经济高质量发展的重要举措.当前,以企业为主体的全球产业链创新链整体呈现系统性、耦合性、全面性的融合趋势,多元化、本土化、区域化的发展趋势,以及重投入与高产出的同步增强趋势.面对原始创新不足、技术"卡脖子"突出、长效机制亟待完善等现实问题,我国应以促进实现经济高质量发展为基本要求,以推动迈向价值链高端为目标选择,以重塑国际竞争优势为重点方向,以积蓄长远发展动力为核心关键.应改革体制机制,构筑产业链创新链融合发展生态;完善基础条件,推动产业链创新链跨越发展;坚持以企业为核心,深化产业链创新链融通效果;聚焦固链强链,强化产业链创新链融合发展韧性.要围绕产业链部署创新链,攻关解决产业关键核心技术,实现技术自主可控;围绕创新链布局产业链,确立企业创新主体地位,将科技成果转化为经济社会发展的现实动力.
数字经济时代的生产方式演化进程是网络空间、物理空间、人类社会空间的三元融合过程.从狭义生产方式看,"数字孪生""元宇宙"等新技术、新模式发展,一方面,促进了网络空间与物理空间的融合,推动网络化资源配置方式的发展,同时拓展了劳动者与劳动资料的结合范围;另一方面,引领在线化新业态发展,促进网络空间与人类社会空间融合,同时引致数字化条件下的劳动组织方式向虚拟化、网络化、非线性方向演化.从广义生产方式看,以数据要素和网络空间发展为基础,传统的劳动者相互联系的劳动过程被数据要素参与的高度智能化、网络化的劳动协作所取代,劳动组织方式的网络化在局部增强劳动者就业灵活性和生产自主权的同时,也增强了资本对劳动者控制的深度和广度.
当前,中国正进入城市群驱动经济增长、经济带带动区域协调发展的新阶段,城市群的空间集聚与扩散和经济带的辐射与连接推动区域资源与要素在更广的空间范围内实现优化配置.以2007-2018年长江经济带城市群为研究对象,通过修正空间引力模型并采用社会网络分析方法探究产业联动网络与区域高质量一体化发展之间的关系.研究发现:长江经济带城市群产业联动网络和区域高质量一体化发展格局已初步形成,并具有明显的梯度特征和集聚趋势;产业联动网络对区域高质量一体化发展的效应显著为正,产业联动网络有利于区域高质量一体化发展;产业联动网络通过改变劳动要素和资本要素的配置不平衡和促进区际技术溢出来推动区域高质量一体化发展.
人民币跨境支付系统(CIPS)是人民币国际化的重要基础设施,是稳慎推进人民币国际化的核心技术支撑.随着人民币国际支付规模日益扩大、战略性大宗商品贸易以人民币结算、CIPS的国际认可度日益提升、国际货币和支付结算的多元化发展,人民币的国际影响力和我国的国际金融话语权不断提升,为CIPS拓宽境外金融市场带来新的发展机遇.CIPS应积极吸收美、欧、日先进支付系统的建设理念,构建和完善安全、高效、数字化的人民币跨境清算结算体系,进一步完善境外人民币清算银行网络,扩大境外CIPS参与者数量;加强境内外清算风险管理,增强资金、法律、操作等各类风险的检测、量度及管理的有效性;提高CIPS的跨境结算效率,尤其是加强区块链、数字化等金融科技手段在CIPS中的应用;加快发展数字人民币跨境支付,为CIPS注入新动能.
后发展地区实现现代化跨越是中国式现代化的重要方面,需要根据"四化同步"要求,补"四化"短板.后发展地区现代化需要巨额资金的推动,但现实中,后发展地区金融供求的低水平均衡导致的金融排斥成为其资金投入不足的重大阻碍.要克服金融排斥,就要以金融创新突破后发展地区低水平金融供求均衡.要在我国现有普惠金融服务体系的基础上,实现以国有大型金融机构为主体的金融服务和金融工具的创新,进而构建起全方位、多层次和互补性的普惠金融生态体系.既要提升金融机构在后发展地区尤其是其农村地区的金融服务水平,促进资本要素向后发展地区流动,进而推动后发展地区的经济发展;又要发挥资本市场作用,创新金融工具,助力后发展地区及其农户发展项目的推进,锁定各类风险.
Human capital is the foundation and driving force behind rural revitalization. With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization since the reform and opening up, rural human capital has faced a number of dilemmas, including sluggish accumulation, incremental loss, structural imbalance, and low quality. A large human capital gap exists in rural revitalization. Promoting the flow of urban human capital to rural areas is a critical step toward closing the rural human capital gap. As a result, policies must be developed from the top down. We must improve the system and mechanisms for smoothing the return of human capital, create a global and whole-process policy framework system that runs through the flow of human capital to rural areas, investigate the best path to promote the flow of human capital to rural areas, ensure that human capital can “flow in, have a career, stay, and settle down”, realize the transformation of rural human capital from “exogenous” to “endogenous” and provide solid talent support for rural revitalization.
Promoting the transfer of farmland through digital inclusive finance will help revitalize farmland resources, and is of great significance to promote rural revitalization and bring common prosperity to farmers and rural areas. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2011 to 2020, we empirically test the impact of digital inclusive finance on farmland transfer and its mechanism. The results show that digital inclusive finance can significantly promote farmland transfer, and the level of financial development and technological innovation plays an intermediary role in the promotion of digital inclusive finance in the farmland transfer. Threshold effect test shows that under the influence of different levels of agricultural mechanization and marketization, digital inclusive finance has a nonlinear effect on farmland transfer. When agricultural mechanization level or marketization level reaches a certain level, digital inclusive finance can significantly promote farmland transfer. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote the development of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, innovate financial products and services, improve rural digital infrastructure, strengthen policy guidance, improve regional technological innovation, and deepen the reform of farmland system.
It is of great significance to study the characteristics of ecological capital efficiency and spatial network structure under the constraint of carbon emission for the improvement of operational capacity of ecological capital between provinces. In this paper, taking energy carbon emissions as an undesirable output constraint, SBM-Undesirable model was used to measure inter-provincial eco-capital efficiency in China during 2010-2019, and social network analysis methods were used to explore the structural characteristics and influencing factors of spatial network eco-capital efficiency under carbon emission constraint. The results showed that: the regional distribution of ecological capital efficiency in our country was presented as East ＞ Middle ＞ Northeast ＞ west. The eastern provinces represented by Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong and Zhejiang are at the control hub in the transmission mechanism of the spatial correlation network of eco-capital efficiency.The difference of urban residents’ income level, rural residents’ income level, government’s emphasis on environmental protection, science and technology level, and geographic spatial adjacency have significant effects on the structural characteristics and transmission strength of ecological capital efficiency correlation network at the present stage. In order to improve the efficiency of ecological capital, all localities should adopt differentiated strategies and give full play to the advantages of control hub center nodes to strengthen cross-regional cooperation.
The Industrial Internet empowers the deep integration of industries through paths such as industrial ecosystem reconstruction and data fusion value-added. The interconnection function of the industrial internet breaks the information barrier between the elements and links in the traditional industrial ecosystem, reconstructs the Industrial Ecosystem, and creates the basic conditions for the emergence of new models of industrial integration. The massive data aggregation and processing function of the industrial internet, which interconnects and integrates the multi-source data of the relevant links of the industrial ecosystem, results in the value-added effect of data fusion, provides a direct economic motivation for the prosperity of new models of industrial integration. At present, the industrial integration empowered by the Industrial Internet is also faced with the problems of insufficient basic ability and multiple obstacles in data fusion value-added. It is recommended to improve the system and mechanism, break through constraints, speed up the process of industrial ecosystem reconstruction, and broaden the value-added path of data fusion.
Regarding the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system, this paper focuses on the analysis from the following three aspects. The first is to uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system. Adhere to the two “unswervingly”, protect the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law, promote entrepreneurial spirit, and further reform state-owned enterprises. The second is to start with standardization to promote institutional opening, and participate more comprehensively in the formulation of international market rules, regulations, management and standards in terms of international trade, international finance and international economic cooperation. Establish a standardization system with Chinese characteristics, give full play to China’s advantages and actively participate in the construction of an international standardization system, establish an international standardization working mechanism that is guided by the government, with the enterprise as the main body, and the linkage between industry, education and research. For the establishment of some flexible standards, China’s characteristics must be considered. The third is to coordinate factor-flow opening and institutional opening, and comprehensively enhance China’s negotiation ability and status in the process of regulation, rules, management, and standard decision-making. Promote the institutional opening of the capital market and financial market, and increase the international influence and pricing power of China’s trade in goods. Vigorously cultivate talents who are proficient in international economic regulations, rules, management, and standards. And, starting from the construction of regional trade agreements and financial cooperation agreements, in the fields of regulation, rules, management and standards, we will build a human economic community system that reflects China’s excellent culture, contains China’s economic development concepts, and integrates with human excellent culture.
Legal environment is one of the core factors influencing enterprises’ investment decisions. A sound property right system can motivate enterprises to implement long-term business plans and arrangements. This paper constructs a generalized difference in difference model and examines the causal effect and mechanism of property right reform on enterprise financialization, which uses the implementation of Property Law in 2007 as a quasi-natural experiment and selects the data of China’s A-share listed non-financial private enterprises from 2003 to 2009. We find that this reform leads to a significant decline in enterprise financialization and the effect is more pronounced for those enterprises with a lower proportion of fixed assets. Further mechanism analysis indicates that the reform effectively restrains financialization of entity enterprises by alleviating financing constraints and enhancing the fixed investment. Furthermore, results in heterogeneity analysis show that the extent of the legal effect on enterprise financialization is greater in regions with more efficient law enforcement or financial development. Also, the weakening effect of the reform on the enterprise financialization of SMEs is more pronounced than on large enterprises. This paper not only expands the external institutional factors on enterprise financialization, but also provides new evidence at the enterprise level in effect evaluation of Property Law in China. It is of theoretical and practical significance for further strengthening the reform of the property right system in order to promote real enterprises to get rid of the tendency of financialization and the high-quality development of real economy with a more sustainable business environment. In particular, for SMEs and private enterprises in the post-epidemic era, the external financing environment should be improved through fair and effective property rights protection and system innovations such as security and mortgage, and intellectual property pledge, so as to promote enterprises to enhance their internal vitality in the market and develop steadily.
无论是从老年人口规模,还是从人口老龄化发展速度来看,当前中国正面临史无前例的人口老龄化形势,且未富先老、未备先老尤为明显.如何实现老有所养、老有所依,保障老年群体生活水平并实现美好生活需要成为现阶段研究的重点问题.南京审计大学江世银教授的新作《金融服务养老研究》从金融服务养老的需求展开研究.
