This experiment was conducted to study the effects of silage mulberry leaves replacing silage corn on growth performance,slaughter per-formance and rumen fermentation parameters of beef cattle.Forty Simmental cattle with body weight of(320.00±4.25)kg and age of(12±1)months were randomly divided into 4 groups.The cattle in the control group were fed the basal diet,and the cattle in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed according to 15％,30％and 45％silage mulberry leaves instead of silage corn in the basal diet,respectively.The results showed as follows:the average daily feed intake of test group was lower than that of control group(P＜0.05),the average daily gain of group Ⅲ was lower than that of control group and group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and group Ⅰ had the lowest ratio of feed to gain among all groups.The ratio of meat to bone of experimental group was higher than that of control group(P＜0.05),and the slaughter rate of group Ⅰ was higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),volatile fatty acid(VFA),acetic acid and acetic acid/propionic acid in experimental groups were increased(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the control group,the culture benefit of group Ⅰ was increased by 7.29％.Under the conditions of this experiment,although the feed intake and daily gain of Simmental cattle were reduced by silage mul-berry leaves instead of silage corn,the slaughter performance was improved,rumen fermentation was pro-moted,and the economic benefit of breeding was increased,and the appropriate supplemental amount was 15％.
The experiment was designed to investigate the modulating effect of Cangpu Wumei powder on the immune function of the organism.Cyclophosphamide was used to induce immunosuppression in mice,and different doses of Cangpu Wumei powder were administered to both immunosuppressed and normal mice via gavage.A total of 128 Kunming mice,half male and half female,were randomly divided into eight groups,with 16 mice in each group:The blank control group,the cyclophosphamide model group,the low-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group(0.8 g/kg BW),the medium-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group(1.6 g/kg BW),the high-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group(3.2 g/kg BW),the cyclophosphamide+low-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group,the cyclophosphamide+medium-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group,and the cyclophosphamide+high-dose Cangpu Wumei powder group.The experimental period lasted for seven days.The results showed that the administration of each dose of Cangpu Wumei powder for seven consecutive days could significantly increase the levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-6(IL-6),immunoglobulin G(IgG),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the serum of immunosuppressed mice,increase the body weight,spleen index,and thymus index of mice,and repair the atrophy of splenic follicles,unclear thymic structure,and necrosis of lymphocytes induced by cyclophosphamide,with the medium dose showing the best effect.The experiment shows that Cangpu Wumei powder can antagonise the immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide,repair the damage of spleen and thymus,and has an immune-enhancing effect.Based on the results of cytokines and histopathologic findings,the best dosage of Cangpu Wumei powder to enhance the immunological function in mice is 1.6 g/kg BW.
稻谷是我国第一大粮食作物,稻谷加工副产品产量巨大,大量的研究表明,其可以作为能量原料替代玉米在畜禽饲料中适量使用.文章主要总结了稻谷及其加工副产品的营养价值、与玉米的营养价值对比、稻谷中的生物活性因子及其在家禽饲粮中使用的研究进展,为科学利用稻谷及其加工副产品作为饲料原料提供依据.
胆汁酸(BAs)是胆汁的主要成分之一,已被作为非营养性饲料添加剂应用于水产养殖.文章回顾了饲料中添加BAs对鱼类生长、饲料利用、体形和体成分、脂质代谢、肠道菌群结构、肝肠健康等方面的影响,比较了不同BAs对鱼类作用效果的差异并分析了其潜在机制,总结了不同鱼类饲料中BAs的适宜添加量,以期为BAs的合理利用提供参考.
Lonicera japonica extract is a general name of bioactive substances with specific efficacy ex-tracted from Lonicera japonica,which mainly contains organic acids,flavonoids,iridoid glycosides and volatile oil compounds.It has many functions,such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,bacteriostasis and antivirus,enhancing immunity and so on,which provides a good application prospect for preventing live-stock and poultry diseases and improving livestock and poultry production performance in production ac-tivities.This paper mainly summarizes the main active components and physiological functions of Lonicera japonica extract and its application in livestock and poultry production,so as to provide reference for the further development of Lonicera japonica extract and its application in livestock and poultry production.
Wenshang Luhua chicken is one of the excellent poultry breeds in China,for the high quality and added value of meat and eggs.However,it's production performance potential is not sufficiently de-veloped,because of the lack of breeding standards.To establish nutrient requirements standards,the en-ergy and protein requirements were studied using factorial methods,through feeding experiments,metabolic experiments,and slaughter experiments,with five different levels of crude protein and five different levels of metabolic energy,in different growth stages(0-6 weeks,7-14 weeks,and 15-20 weeks),10 energy requirements models and 10 protein requirements factorial models were established and corrected with a total of 32 commercial chicken farms in the surrounding production area of Wenshang Luhua chicken.The essential amino acids requirements in different growth stages were determined,through production verification tests on 300 000 chickens,with the same ideal protein mode.Nutrients requirement parameter tables were de-veloped for different genders and production purposes.
In order to study the effects of curcumin combined with thymol on laying performance and antioxi-dant capacity of Fengyan black bone hens,a total of 252 healthy Fengyan black bone hens with normal diet and similar weight were randomly divided into three groups,with four replicates for each treatment and 21 chickens for each replicate.The blank group was fed with a basic diet,while the low and high dose groups were supplemented with a mixture of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg curcumin+thymol in the basic diet,respectively.The trial is divided into two stages,seven days of pre trial period and twenty-eight days of trial period.At the beginning of the pre-test period,the normal breeding chickens were fed with full price feed,and then gradually re-placed with the test diet for one week.At the end of the fourth week of the formal trial,samples were taken to detect serum,tissue biochemical indicators,organ indicators,egg production rate,egg quality and hatchability,and observe the effects of curcumin and thymol combined application on the production performance and antioxidant level of Fengyan black bone chickens.The results showed that the average egg weight of the three groups had no significant difference(P>0.05),the feed egg ratio of the experimen-tal groups were significantly lower than those of the blank group(P<0.05),and the laying rate of the ex-perimental groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(P<0.05);on the 14th day,the eggshell strength,yolk color and Hastelloy units of the low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(P<0.05),and on the 28th day,the yolk color and Hastelloy units of the low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(P<0.05).The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in ileum,fallopian tube and ovary in the high-dose group was signifi-cantly lower than that in the blank group(P<0.05),the glutathione(GSH)content in the ileum and ovary of chickens in low and high dose groups increased significantly(P<0.05),while the GSH content in the liver decreased significantly(P<0.05);the activity of superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)novaries of the blank group was significantly higher than that of the test group(P<0.05),and the activity of T-SOD in serum was significantly lower than that of the test group(P<0.05).Therefore,the combination of curcumin and thymol can improve the egg quality,reduce the level of MDA in chickens,increase the activity of T-SOD and GSH,and improve the laying performance and antioxidant capacity of Fengyan black bone chickens.
Manganese is one of the essential trace elements in the process of animal growth and develop-ment,which affects animal immunity,metabolism,reproduction and bone development,and participates in the metabolism of various substances as an enzyme composition and enzyme activation factor in ani-mals.In this paper,the circulation process of manganese in ruminants and its influence on sheep physiol-ogy and production were reviewed,in order to provide some theoretical reference for the application of manganese in sheep production.
China has abundant indigenous pig breeds,little attention has paid to these breeds due to their slow growth rate and low lean meat percentage.The lack of nutrient requirement of indigenous pigs leads to the irrational design of dietary formulation,which limits the growth performance of indigenous pigs.Dietary energy is mainly used for meeting the requirement of maintenance and production,with ap-propriate energy level in diet can maximize the growth performance and carcass traits of indigenous pigs.However,the studies of energy requirement mainly focus on foreign pig breeds,there are less studies on Chinese indigenous pigs.Therefore,this paper reviews the recently research on energy requirement of Chinese indigenous pigs,so as to provide references for the scientific research and precision feeding of Chinese indigenous pigs.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable en-ergy(ME)and crude protein(CP)levels on growth performance and economic benefits of Qingyuanma ca-pons from 31 to 86 d,and to provide the basis for determining the appropriate ME and CP levels for Qin-gyuanma capons at different growth stages.A 2×3 factorial randomized trial design was used to set two ME levels and three CP levels.A total of 3 000 Qingyuanma male chicks of one-day-old were randomly divided into six groups.The trial was for 86 d.During 1 to 30 days of age,ME level was 12.13 MJ/kg,and CP level was 20.5%;during 31 to 60 days of age,ME levels were 12.68 MJ/kg and 12.34 MJ/kg,and CP levels were 18.5%,17.5%and 16.5%,respectively;during 61 to 86 days of age,ME levels were 12.97 MJ/kg and 12.76 MJ/kg,and CP levels were 17.5%,16.5%and 15.5%,respectively.The results showed as follows:① dietary ME levels had significant effects on the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of chickens aged from 31 to 60 days(P<0.05),average daily gain(ADG)of chickens aged from 61 to 86 days(P<0.05),and feed to gain(F/G)of chickens aged from 31 to 60 days and 61 to 86 days(P<0.05).Di-etary CP levels had significant effects on F/G of chickens aged from 31 to 60 days and 61 to 86 days(P<0.05),and ADG of chickens aged from 61 to 86 days(P<0.05).Among them,12.68 MJ/kg ME and 18.5%CP diet group had the lowest F/G aged from 31 to 60 days,and 12.97 MJ/kg ME and 17.5%CP diet group had the lowest F/G aged from 61 to 86 days.From the perspective of economic benefits,the highest profit per chicken at 31-60 days of age was found in the 12.68 MJ/kg ME and 17.5%CP group,and the highest profit per chicken at 61-86 days of age was found in the 12.97 MJ/kg ME and 16.5%CP group.According to the results of growth performance and economic benefit,the optimal dietary ME and CP levels are 12.68 MJ/kg and 17.5%to 18.5%for Qingyu-anma capons aged from 31 to 60 days,and 12.97 MJ/kg and 16.5%to 17.5%aged from 61 to 86 days.
In order to screen a probiotic strain that has strong stress resistance,inhibits pathogenic bacte-ria,produces enzymes and vitamins,and can degrade fungal toxins,a series of studies were conducted on the independently screened Bacillus velezensis(BLS-1)such as optimal temperature,pH,growth curve,enzyme production ability,antibacterial ability and stress resistance,the contents of various enzymes and vitamins in the fermentation broth obtained through fermentation in a fermentation tank were measured,the degradation ability of Bacillus subtilis to various fungal toxins was investigated through in vitro degra-dation.The results showed that the independently screened Bacillus velezensis(BLS-1)had good acid re-sistance,bile salt resistance,and gastric and intestinal fluid resistance when tested in pH 2.5-3.5,bile salt concentration 0.1%-0.5%,and gastric and intestinal fluid environments;the strain had the highest spore formation rate under the optimal temperature of 37℃,optimal pH of 6,and cultivation time of 24-30 hours,and entered a stable stage of growth and reached its peak in spore count after 28 hours of cultivation;the metabolites and bacteria of the fer-mentation broth of the strain had moderately sensi-tive inhibition effect on Escherichia coli;the fer-mentation broth contained a variety of enzymes,vi-tamins and other beneficial substances,and had degradation effects on zearalenone(ZEN),deoxyni-valenol(DON),aflatoxin B1(AFB1),fumonisin(FB),and ochratoxi(OT).The Bacillus velezensis(BLS-1)had good biological characteristics and strong stress resistance and could inhibit Escherichia coli,and it had degradation effects on zearalenone,deoxynivalenol,aflatoxin,and fumatoxin at the same time.
The objective of this study was to evalute the effects of fishmeal(FM)replacement with en-zymatic soybean meal(ESBM)on palatability and growth performance of weaned piglets.A total of 144 weaned piglets with an average body weight of(6.00±0.50)kg were selected in exp.1.Pigs were ran-domly divided into three treatments,which were the 15%ESBM with no FM group,2%FM with 10%ESBM group and 4%FM with no ESBM group.Each treatment group was compared with the diets of 1%FM with 15%ESBM respectively.In exp.2,in order to verify the effect of enzymatic soybean meal replacing fish meal in the teaching trough stage,500 weaned piglets with an average body weight of(5.74±0.40)kg were randomly divided into two groups,which were ESBM group and FM group,for 10 days feeding experiment.In exp.3,a to-tal of 60 weaned piglets with an average body weight of(9.88±0.58)kg were randomly allocated to two treatments,which were ESBM group and FM group for 35 days feeding experiment.The results showed that partial substitution of fish meal with ESBM could significantly improve the feeding palatability(P<0.01),while there were no significant differences in growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed conversion rate(F/G),diarrhea rate,and physical traits(coat quality score,skin color)of piglets(P>0.05).However,compared with FM group,the indexes of ESBM group showed a slightly improved trend:for(5.74±0.40)kg piglets,the ADFI of ESBM group was 207.00 g,23.95%higher than that of FM group,and the ADG of ESBM group was 170.00 g,18.06%higher than that of FM group.For(9.88±0.58)kg piglets,the ADG of the experimental group was 386.51 g,which was 9.95 g higher than that of the control group.The ADFI of experimental group was 646.31 g,which was 9.84 g higher than that of the control group.The F/G of the experimental group was 1.67,0.02 lower than that of control group.In conclusion,partial or complete substitution of fish meal with soybean meal do not play a negative effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets.
Due to the difficulty in defining some raw materials between feed and food,especially the significant differences between the starch labeling values and the true values of some common grain by-products,resulting in inaccurate data in the formula database,it is particularly important to choose an accurate starch determination method.A total of 22 common feed raw materials were selected for test-ing their starch content using two different methods:acid hydrolysis method and polarimetric method,and their crude fiber content was tested using filtration method.At the same time,the differences and reasons of detection results were analyzed and verified.It can provide the basis for choosing the correct starch detection method.The results showed that the content of starch in 20 feed raw materials was higher by acid hydrolysis than by polarimetric method,but there was no significant difference between soluble starch and food-grade starch.After analy-sis,the cellulose content and starch content in the raw material were positively correlated.The reason is that the acid hydrolysis method uses the high concentration hydrochloric acid solution and the long time hydrolysis,hydrolyzes the cellu-lose in the feed to the reductive monosaccharide,participates in the result calculation of the starch content,the result of acid hydrolysis method to mea-sure the starch content of fiber raw material is higher than expected.The higher the cellulose content,the greater the difference between the acid hydrolysis method and the polarimetric method.By compar-ing two methods,the polarimetric method is more accurate and more suitable for the determination of starch content in feed raw materials than acid hydrolysis method,providing accurate data for the recipe database.
In order to investigate the effects of grape pomace on production performance and meat quality of beef cattle,the whole corn silage was replaced by grape pomace silage,and to anal-yse the changes of growth and development,slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle.The main beef cattle breeds Angus and Simmental cattle with 30 heads each were se-lected and divided into test group A,group B and control group,the average body weight is(283.00±2.47)kg,and the test group is fed grape pomace silage diet and control is fed whole plant corn silage diet.The result showed that compared with the control group,test groups of the weight gain over the trial period were higher than control group 16-36 kg,and average daily gain were higher 40-150 g;slaughter at the age of 20-month-old,the carcass weight of test group A and B were higher than control group 67 kg(P<0.01),38 kg(P<0.05),respectively;the dressing percentage and net meat percentage were seven percent-age points and six percentage points higher than the control group,respectively(P<0.05),the highest slaughter percentage and net meat percentage were about 65%and 58%,respectively;the fat and protein contents of beef in test groups were higher than those in control group,and the shear force was lower than that in control group(P<0.05);the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was mainly composed of lin-oleic acid,α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.The contents of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in beef was about 10∶1,which was lower than that in control group.In summary when grape residue silage was used as the main roughage source,it could improve the growth performance,carcass weight,slaughter percentage and net meat percentage of beef cattle after slaughter,increase the types of fatty acids and the content of main fatty acids,improve the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA,and improve the beef quality to a certain extent.
The effects of different treatments on nutrient components,rumen gas production,nutri-ent degradation rate and rumen flora structure of rapeseed straw were studied by simulated rumen method in vitro,which providing reference data for feed utilization of rapeseed straw.Rape straw was crushed(group A),high pressure treatment(group B),enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermenta-tion(group C),secondary solid-state fermentation(group D)at first.Then the black Angus steers equipped with permanent rumen fistula were used as rumen fluid donors to carry out rumen digestion test in vitro.The results showed that,the gross energy(GE)and crude protein(CP)increased significantly(P<0.05),while neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)decreased significantly(P<0.05)in group C and D,compared with group A,grading index of forage grass in group C and D were sig-nificantly higher than that in group A and B(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the degradation rate of ADF in group B was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the degradation rates of DM,NDF and ADF in group C were increased by 55.29%,43.20%and 256.62%and the degradation rate of CP in group D was increased by 79.31%.The cumulative gas production at 12 h,24 h,36 h,48 h and 72 h in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).The total gas production and slow gas produc-tion of group C was higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),while that of group D was lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).The content of CH4 in the gas produced in vitro in group C was higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The content of CO2 in group A and C were higher than that in group B and D(P<0.05).The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in 24-hour fermentation broth of rapeseed straw treated with different treatments was D group>B group>C group>A group(P<0.05).The concentra-tion of total volatile fatty acids in 72 h in vitro fermentation broth of group A and B was significantly higher than that of group C and D.The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in group D was significantly higher than that in other groups after 24 hours in vitro fermentation broth(P<0.05).Different treatments of rapeseed straw can change the rumen microbial diversity of cattle.To sum up,rumen fermentation ef-fect of rapeseed straw after enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation is better,and it is easier to be di-gested and utilized by ruminants.
Horn is a unique organizational structure of the cloven-hoofed ruminant suborder,which is a tool for animals to fight and resist foreign enemies,but it is easy to cause damage to livestock houses and casualties to staff in modern intensive breeding.The horns of cattle and sheep are different from deer,which are non-value-added animal products,and will reduce feed remuneration,reduce feed con-version rate,and do not adapt to the development trend of modern and efficient breeding.Man-made cor-ner removal,while violating animal welfare,will waste huge manpower and material resources,which is easy to cause animal stress.The cultivation of hornless cattle and sheep breeds through genetic improve-ment is an important task in the development of efficient animal husbandry.The hole horns of cattle and sheep are relatively special,hollow and externally keratinized,which is difficult to directly carry out the regulation of tissue development,but mostly explore its genetic mechanism from the genome level.This paper reviews the research progress of the main gene of hornless traits in cattle and sheep at home and abroad,which provides a scientific reference for further research on the presence or absence of horns and horn development,and the development of molecular breeding of cattle and sheep,and provides a reference for the subsequent use of mo-lecular biology technology to carry out the cultiva-tion of hornless cattle and sheep breeds.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation of Clos-tridium butyricum,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus li-cheniformis,Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus li-cheniformis compatibility(compound bacteria),En-terococcus faecalis on growth performance and breeding benefit of white-feather broilers.A total of 1 360 one-day-old healthy AA+ white-feather broilers with an average body weight of about 42 g were randomly divided into 10 groups,including 5 experimental groups and 5 control groups.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 g/t Clostridium butyricum preparation,1 000 g/t Bacillus subtilis preparation,1 000 g/t Ba-cillus licheniformis preparation,400 g/t Clostridium butyricum preparation+1 000 g/t Bacillus licheniformis preparation,and 1 000 g/t Enterococcus faecalis preparation,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed that:① compared with the control group,the addition of Clostridium butyri-cum,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis and compound bacteria could significantly increase the final weight and average daily gain(P<0.05),and significantly reduce the feed to gain ratio(P<0.05).Adding Enterococcus faecalis reduced the final weight and average daily gain(P>0.05),and increased the feed to gain ratio(P>0.05).② Compared with the control group,the addition of Clostridium butyricum,Bacil-lus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis and compound bacteria could increase the gross profit of white feather broilers,and the increase value was Bacillus subtilis group>compound bacteria group>Clostridium bu-tyricum group>Bacillus licheniformis group>Enterococcus faecalis group.In summary,adding Clos-tridium butyricum,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis and compound bacteria to the diet can im-prove the growth performance of white feather broilers and increase the breeding efficiency.Under the experimental conditions,Bacillus subtilis has the best promotion effect on the growth performance and breeding efficiency of white feather broilers.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of niacinamide on blood in-dexes,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability of lactating dairy cows,and to provide theoretical refer-ence for the application of niacinamide in ruminants.Forty healthy Holstein cows with similar lactation days(170±50)d,parity(2.23±0.62)and milk yield(36.17±7.40)kg/d in middle and late lactation were selected and randomly divided into four groups with 10 cows in each group,they are the control group(CK group)and the experimental groups(group NAM7,NAM11 and NAM15),respectively.Cows in the CK group were fed the basal diet,and group NAM7,NAM11 and NAM15 were given 7,11 and 15 g/d niacinamide on the basis of CK group,re-spectively.The experiment lasted for 75 days,in-cluding 15 days of prefeeding-period and 60 days of experimental period.On the last day of the ex-periment,20 mL of venous blood was collected from the oxtail root before morning feeding,and serum and plasma were prepared,respectively,for the correlation analysis of blood biochemical indexes,serum antioxidant and inflammatory factors.The re-sults were as follows:① the activities of aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase and alkaline phos-phatase in plasma of lactating cows were not significantly affected by administration of different levels of niacinamide(P>0.05);the plasma urea nitrogen content of experimental groups was significantly de-creased compared with CK group(P<0.05),and the plasma urea nitrogen content of NAM7 group was lower than that of NAM11 and NAM15 groups,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);the con-tents of total protein and globulin in NAM7,11 and 15 groups were higher than those in CK group,but there were no significant differences(P>0.05);plasma glucose content of experimental groups was signifi-cantly higher than that of CK group(P<0.05);plasma triacylglycerol content in experimental groups was significantly lower than that in CK group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among experi-mental groups(P>0.05).② The contents of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and catalase in serum of experimental groups were higher than those of CK group,but there were no significant differ-ences(P>0.05);the serum malondialdehyde level in experimental groups was lower than that in CK group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).③ The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α,inter-leukin-1β and interleukin-6 in serum of lactating cows were decreased by different levels of niacinamide administration,while the contents of interleukin-10 in serum were increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).It is concluded that niacinamide can reduce the content of urea nitrogen in plasma and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen,and the effect of NAM7 group is better.Therefore,the opti-mum recommended amount of mesotinamide production is 7 g/d.
In order to explore the mechanism of the improvement of cough in mice after taking Laiyang pear paste,a cough mouse model was established using the concentrated ammonia water cough method.The experiment was divided into a blank group,positive control group(Pentoxyverine citrate),high dose group(12 g/kg Laiyang pear paste),medium dose group(6 g/kg Laiyang pear paste),and low dose group(3 g/kg Laiyang pear paste),with 10 mice in each group and a total of 50 mice.The mice were given 0.2 mL/10 g by gavage daily for 10 days,and the number of coughs,latency period,serum SOD activity,lung tissue POD activity,MDA,GSH content and spleen index were measured.The results showed that compared with the blank control group,the high dose group significantly reduced the number of coughs in 2 minutes,prolonged the latency period of coughing,increased the SOD and POD activities and GSH content of mice,reduced the MDA content,and increased the spleen index of mice,with significant dif-ferences(P<0.05).The medium and low dose groups also had some improvement,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Compared with the posi-tive control group,the number of coughs,POD ac-tivity,GSH content,MDA content and spleen in-dex in the high-dose group of pear paste were similar to those in the positive control group,while SOD activity exceeded that in the positive control group without significant difference(P>0.05).In summary,The high dose group of pear paste(12 g/kg)has a superior cough suppressant effect and can effectively enhance the antioxidant capac-ity and immune level of the body.
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of compound microecological preparations on growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant function of meat rabbits.A total of 120 30-day-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups.The control group was fed the basal diet,and the three experimental groups were fed the basal diet supple-mented with 0.20%,0.40%and 0.60%of the compound microecological preparation,respectively.The re-sults showed that,compared with the control group,the addition of 0.60%of the compound microecologi-cal preparation to the diet significantly increased the weight at the end of the test period and the average daily weight gain of the rabbits(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the feed-to-weight ratio of the rab-bits during the test period(P<0.05);the addition of 0.60%of the compound microecological prepa-ration to the diet significantly increased the live weight before slaughter,half-eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight of the rabbits(P<0.05);the ad-dition of 0.60%of the compound microecological preparation to the diet significantly increased the level of glutathione peroxidase activity in the se-rum of the rabbits(P<0.05).In conclusion,the ap-plication of 0.60%dose of compound microecological preparation in the diet can effectively improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of meat rabbits,and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the serum of meat rabbits and improve the antioxidant capacity of the rabbit.
