城市信息模型的发展路径研究是探索城市治理的关键,本文以苏州CIM平台建设为例,从空间增值实践和数字平台实践两方面探讨了基于BIM、GIS及IoT的城市全生命周期规划、建设、管理及运营方法,构建了苏州数字化转型从感知到分析以及智能应用的新路径,并以此对城市数字化的将来作出展望.
Taking small-scale infrastructure projects in the power industry as the research object, this paper combines the DEMATEL and ISM methods to explore the relevant factors that influence the implementation of digital-twin-based smart construction and obtains the key factors and influencing path among factors under analysis. In this paper, the MICMAC method is used to categorize the factors and analyze the influence and dependency relationships among the factors in the system. On the basis of research results under integrated model analysis, the paper provides suggestions on how to successfully implement smart construction in small-scale infrastructure projects in the power industry.
Shanghai Jiading Xincheng Juyuan community project is the first batch of intelligent construction pilot projects in China. As a prefabricated residential project, it is explored in the process of project construction, intelligent production, intelligent construction, intelligent detection, and intelligent management platform, etc. based on intelligent construction technology. Its application shows that intelligent construction technology enjoy the following advantages: effectively production efficiency, lower construction costs, higher construction quality, better project management, and integration and development of industrialization, informatization and intelligent technology.
In order to solve the various problems brought by the traditional processing of reinforcing steel in assembled concrete members, this paper carries out a study on the digital processing technology of reinforcing steel. Combined with the reinforcement processing equipment, the information content, transmission mode, digital processing flow and processing precautions are further discussed in the paper. As for the difficulties in the processing, a set of automatic processing and production process of steel bars is developed by introducing digital technology and being integrated with traditional processing technology. The results in the paper show that the deep integration of model-based digital technology and intelligent processing equipment can effectively improve the level of rebar design, automated production, product quality and unit time output. Thus, it is obvious that the digital technology based on BIM model can help realize intelligent manufacturing and digital production, which is in line with the concept of carbon neutrality and can improve green construction and comprehensive management in turn.
Traditional inspection methods are difficult to achieve the accurate inspection of the quailty of prefabricated buildings. To solve the problem above, this paper proposes an automatic extraction method of geometric dimensions of prefabricated components of buildings based on point cloud model. The paper conducts this method under the following steps: firstly, the typical prefabricated component point cloud is separated from the overall building point cloud by taking advantage of the spatial location relationship and geometric characteristics of the building structure. Meanwhile, feature extraction of component point cloud is used to measure dimension information and the perpendicularity of the wall is detected by calculating the included angle between the fitting plane normal vector and the vertical direction unit vector. The perpendicularity of the column is detected by extracting the central axis of the column from the point cloud slice. Moreover, the flatness of the board is represented by the mean square error from each point to the fitting plane. The research takes the point cloud data collected from the construction site of a prefabricated building as an example, removes and segments their outliers, after which it can manage the automatic extraction and measurement of point cloud data features. The measurement accuracy, above 95%, verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, which provides a reference for automatic segmentation, dimension measurement and parametric management of typical prefabricated components.
Rendering performance optimization is needed to display dense 3D models in Cesium requires improving the. However, the native approaches are unstable and will cause bad rendering results. To avoid this problem as much as possible, a mechanism is proposed in this paper to enable high-performance rendering when the camera state changes in which the camera states change pauses primitives loading, and applies parameter settings and algorithms that can improve rendering performance but may cause bad rendering results. Besides, this paper proposes a heap-based 3D tile draws command limitation approach, which can directly limit the number of draw commands and reduce the amount of GPU computation. The results prove that the mechanism of high-performance rendering when camera state changes are feasible. The mechanism outperforms the max screen space error (MSSE) increasing and the draw commands limiting, which excels reducing the resolution scale (RS) in improving rendering performance. Limiting the draw commands can ensure the stability of rendering performance compared with increasing MSSE.
This paper summarizes how to independently research and develop the project through graph-model linkage review software under the context that intelligent construction is called for the country. Moreover, the paper also explores intelligent parametric programming, the application of panoramic camera, and 3D laser scanning technology, etc., which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of completion delivery model. The methods which combines the application of various kinds of intelligent equipment and information technology not only meets the requirements of construction units for high-quality delivery of completed models, but also brings significant economic benefits to the project. What's more, it can provide a practical reference for the completion delivery model of similar projects in the industry.
The paper aims to empower indoor mobile terminals' fast and accurate navigation based on computer vision. Based on the DeepTag system used in indoor scenarios, the usability of different fiducial markers is evaluated. The paper studies the positioning principle of DeepTag system and tests the recognition accuracy of traditional fiducial markers in indoor practical application scenarios. According to the experimental results, it is concluded that ArUco markers is the most suitable for the DeepTag system and best fiducial marker type posted on walls in indoor scenes, which can provide a reference for the augmented technology of AR navigation in indoor environment based on computer vision in the future.
Besides the increasing demands of applying building information model (BIM) in the Smart City, government agencies, enterprises, and institutions, etc., also put forward more specific requirements for the BIM model compliance for the needs of application. However, the traditional manual review method fails to meet current needs of data review. Based on development and practice of design results automatic check system, this paper studies the leading BIM review route at home and abroad, analyzes its applicability in China, and discusses the technical route of standard digitization and model automatic review. Under the work above, the paper further plans the specific implementation steps, discusses the technical route of standard digitization and automatic model check, and describes implementation application results. Focusing on the four main processes of standard quantification, standard regularization, model inspection and design check, this paper introduces templates and algorithms used in the process of model, which can provide a reference for automatic check on design results in the construction industry.
The paper aims to reduce the loss of information when the BIM model is converted into the finite element analysis model. Taking the supporting structure of the bailey structure as the research object, the paper carries out the secondary development of the Revit modeling software and the SAP2000 finite element analysis software based on the visual studio platform. Moreover, the paper extracts the BIM model information in the actual project and calls the function of the software through the program interface for modeling. Combined with the modeling characteristics of the fabricated structure, this paper defines and assembles different component elements in the finite element software, builds the information elements that cannot be transmitted into the components in advance, and then loads the extracted BIM model parameters into the assembly algorithm as control variables, which realizes the connection between the finite element model and the BIM engineering model and completes the transformation of the bailey structure from the BIM model to the analysis model, This method proposed in the paper can avoid the repetitive modeling work and realize the parametric modeling of the fabricated structure. What's more, it can also modify the parameters according to the actual engineering model to achieve fast creating the model and expand the application value of BIM model data.
Due to its excellent plasticity, fair-faced concrete is increasingly used in special-shaped buildings. In view of the irregular characteristics of special-shaped buildings, traditional industrial technology cannot efficiently meet the customization needs of special-shaped structures. Taking the Dahe Civilization Museum project as a case study on the implementation of fair-faced concrete in special-shaped buildings, this paper conducts an research on the application of smart construction in combination with BIM technology and CNC machining, which realizes the application of smart construction in fair-faced concrete in special-shaped buildings and also ensures the project progress and quality.
The residential project Beijing Cuihu Science and Technology Park is located in Haidian District, Beijing, which is an important part of the core area of Zhongguancun national independent innovation demonstration zone. The main body on the ground is an assembled integral shear wall structure, and its design assembly rate is 50%. This paper applies BIM Technology for detailed design. Based on Glodon Digital project management platform, the paper carries out information and digital collaborative management on the production, transportation, storage and installation of large-scale and various types of prefabricated components after which forms the management process into an electronic database system to provide basis for traceable query management in the operation and maintenance stage. Moreover, it also has established the standardized application and management process of BIM Technology, which successfully solves a series of key problems such as on-site comprehensive management, dangerous engineering management and construction operation management through the methods of narrow site dynamic management, horizontal and vertical transportation management of auxiliary materials, construction simulation analysis, visual disclosure and VR interactive simulation training, etc. The work in the paper effectively improves the refinement level of project construction management with a certain promotion and reference value.
Compliance inspection of structural design is an effective means to ensure that the building information model meets the requirements of the current design specifications. It is of great significance to realize the structural life-cycle management by improving the automation and accuracy of the specification inspection. Based on the theory of automatic rule checking and combining visual programming with C# programming, the paper proposes a design compliance checking framework depended on the BIM model of hydraulic structures as the inspection object. Firstly, the paper builds a primary model of a hydraulic structure by using Civil3D, and the model attributes was expended by data expansion. Secondly, the paper refines the model and extracts the model geometry information through Dynamo to create a Model Information Base. Moreover, the relevant specification provisions are parsed, and the components are classified and coded according to the standard. Then they are stored in the SQL Server database to create a rule knowledge base. Finally, the rule knowledge base and the model information base are connected, so as to realize the compliance check of the hydraulic BIM model. The method proposed in the paper greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the compliance inspection of hydraulic structure design and reduces the difficulty of development work, which lays the foundation for promoting compliance inspection for hydraulic structural designs.
It has been gradually recoginized that BIM intelligent review promotes the digital transformation and upgrading of the construction industry and implements the construction requirements of the "New Urban Construction". Taking the construction drawing BIM review as an example, this paper proceeds from the application of BIM intelligent review in Xiongan, Xiamen, Hunan, and Guangzhou, etc., and further analyzes its characteristics, i.e., "one platform, a set of standards, one tool, and covering core majors". BIM intelligent review can play a positive role of assisting the "New Urban Construction" in data provision, CIM+ applicaiton, smart city construction, which verifies that BIM intelligent review can serves as a bridge and link between BIM data and CIM platform.
The detection of concrete structure entity is the key to ensure the safety of structure in building construction. Compared with traditional detecting, the detecting instruments of concrete structure have made great progress. However, data collection and statistical analysis are still conducted manually, which causes low efficiency, heavy workload, and data error prone, etc. In order to solve the existing problems in concrete structure quality inspection, this paper develops an intelligent detecting system of concrete structure on the basis of Internet of things. The system makes full use of the Internet of Things, mobile terminals and cloud platform to realize automatic collection, processing and upload of floor thickness detection and reinforcement cover thickness detection, which effectively improves the work efficiency of the two detection contents. Moreover, enterprises can monitor the detection data of projects in real time, which ensures the timeliness, authenticity, and accuracy of the detection data.
The BIM operation and maintenance platform of Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center is designed with the product concept of "data center". In terms of product architecture, the platform is composed of the foreground application and background configuration, which can meet users' personalized needs with no code. For the body of data, the equipment is used to realize the integration of different data through association. As for various visual requirements. Moreover, as to its application function, the paper adopts the idea vertical construction and horizontal application for overall design. Under the work above, the paper can provide a new idea for the design of BIM operation and maintenance platform.
Since the garden project is located in the open space, greening plants is an important part of the garden landscape. For Xiongan New Area, this paper makes clear provisions in the implementation of BIM technology for landscaping projects, as well as fineness requirements for geometric information and attributes information of greening plant models from BIM3 to BIM5 stages. The huge number of green plants brings great challenges to the technical implementation of BIM engineers. It can be determined that manual placement and adjustment can no longer meet the normal model creation schedule, and even affect the delivery of the completed materials of the whole garden project. Based on Dynamo open source visual programming software, this paper uses visual programming scripts to describe three methods of making landscaping plants, while ensuring accurate positioning and efficient model creation. The research method in this paper may be extended to similar applications.
The accurate prediction and parameter control are the key points of shield tunneling system control, hence it is crucial to establish a virtual model which is consistent and synchronous with the tunneling system. In order to realize the intelligent control of the shield tunneling system, this paper introduces the digital twin technology and suitable intelligent equipment into the shield tunneling system to achieve the virtual and real interaction. According to the related requirements of tunneling system, the paper also constructs the digital twin framework of shield tunneling system. Based on the real-time mapping between virtual model and physical entity, the information interaction is realized. Moreover, the paper designs the tunneling load advance prediction system and the shield tunneling construction parameter control and decision system under the service application layer of the tunneling system., which can help intelligent decision-making for shield tunneling system and reach the intelligent management and control of shield tunneling construction.
The material management is the key point of project management and cost control. With the application of information technology, digital concepts and technical means in all walks of life, construction enterprises are also constantly exploring the digital management of materials. Due to the complexity of the volume and business scope of large construction enterprises, it is necessary to establish a four-level management structure (i.e., group, subsidiary, branch, project department), and combine the business content of the whole process of materials to build its digital management system to realize the intensive management of the whole process covering planning, bidding, procurement, contract, order, acceptance, payment, and analysis. Through the integrated collaboration platform, Group Z has opened up the whole chain of their material business to achieve full scene coverage, share upstream and downstream supply and demand information, and further promote the digital reform of material management and the new mode of digital collaboration of supply chain business of ecological partners.
Narrow space and poor light in urban cable drainage pipe shafts and substation basement, etc. lead to inconvenience and potential safety hazards in the acceptance process. In this paper, an inspection robot equipped with Azure Kinect depth camera is designed, which can automatically collect depth image data and color image data of dark environment in underground cable drainage pipe shafts. Meanwhile, a data processing software is developed. A 3D virtual model of underground cable drainage pipe shafts is constructed through point cloud generation, splicing and fusion processing of original data after which is de-noised, sampled and smoothed to obtain a more accurate data model. Through measuring the relevant structural parameters of the 3D model and comparing with the engineering data, it is managed to determine the acceptance of the results, which helps inspect the quality problems of engineering projects and complete the acceptance work.
