Governance faces growing challenges resulting from accelerated urbanization, socioeconomic inequality, and climate change, which demand a rethinking of territorial management approaches without compromising sustainability. In this context, Inclusive Territorial Governance (ITG) is a strategic approach that promotes horizontal relationships, equitable participation, and social cohesion, especially in historically marginalized communities. This study conducts a systematic bibliographic analysis aimed at identifying theoretical and methodological approaches, effects, challenges, and opportunities associated with ITG, with particular attention to its linkage with community-based circular economy. The findings highlight its positive impact on environmental management, green infrastructure, and territorial resilience. Despite institutional and regulatory limitations, ITG represents a pathway to strengthen self-management, promote sustainable productive models, and foster environmental justice. In summary, ITG offers a comprehensive framework for addressing socio-environmental challenges through inclusion and sustainability.
Political Budget Cycles (PBCS) refer to the fiscal and economic measures implemented by governments to influence electoral outcomes. Employing a panel data model via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), across 26 sectors of Colombia’s National Budget between 2000 to 2024, this study identifies the presence of pbc in national elections through investment budget execution. Specifically, the pbc manifests as a cyclical pattern in which budget execution increases during pre-electoral years and contracts during election years. Furthermore, significant increases in investment execution were observed during the years when presidential reelection was authorized in Colombia, confirming opportunistic practices in budget execution. Finally, the sectors with the highest budget allocations and most pronounced cyclical patterns are Presidency, Finance, and Transport.
This article aims to determine the quality of work life (QWL) of Colombian Sign Language (CSL) interpreters in higher education institutions in the country, identifying the dimensions that shape it and their relationship with sociodemographic variables. A quantitative study with a descriptive and cross-sectional design was conducted, applied to 38 CSL interpreters. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the CVT-GOHISALO instrument were used to measure QWL. The results show that the participants’ QWL was at a medium level with a downward trend. The most affected dimensions were free time management, job satisfaction, personal development, and well-being achieved through work. Contractual insecurity, multiple jobs, and overworked hours were evident, especially among young, single, and low-income women. In conclusion, current conditions limit the well-being and professional sustainability of interpreters, which requires institutional and state policies aimed at ensuring job stability and effective inclusion in higher education.
This study analyzes the relationship between formal employment and victimization by domestic violence, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (pns) and Probit model estimates. The results show that women with formal jobs are less likely to suffer intimate partner violence, suggesting that formal employment serves as a protective factor by enhancing economic autonomy, access to support networks, and the ability to leave abusive relationships. The effect is more significant among white and Asian women, indicating an unequal distribution of benefits across social groups. This disparity may reflect inequalities in access to institutional protection and differing levels of exposure to coercive control. Promoting access to formal employment is recommended as a complementary strategy to combat domestic violence, especially for the most vulnerable groups. These findings highlight the importance of labor inclusion in empowering women and reducing their risk of victimization in contexts marked by structural and social inequality.
Labor informality is a global phenomenon characterized by precarious working conditions. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing the informal economy in downtown Neiva-Huila using a descriptive mixed-methods approach. A total of 90 street vendors were surveyed, mostly Colombian women (51.11%) from low socioeconomic backgrounds and with low to medium educational levels. A significant 93.33% entered informality due to a lack of formal job opportunities. The median income was COP $1,000,000, with 8-hour workdays. About 52.22% lacked access to formal financing, citing fear of debt, strict requirements, and high interest rates as barriers. Participants also reported challenges such as weather conditions, insecurity, police harassment, and institutional neglect. In conclusion, informality in Neiva reflects precarious labor conditions, financial exclusion, and limited institutional support. Workers call for state assistance, access to credit, and inclusion in public policies to improve their living conditions and promote social inclusion.
The purpose of municipal associations is to expand the opportunities for member municipalities to fulfill their responsibilities regarding the provision of goods and services by pooling their capabilities, resources, and efforts. This analysis sought to determine whether membership in these associations in Colombia has had any effect on the Municipal Performance Index (MPI) of the municipalities that belong to them, compared to those that are not members. The methods used for the analysis (Cohen's d and a simple linear regression model) showed that, despite a slight numerical advantage among associated municipalities, the MPI remains dependent on structural factors of the entities studied. The analysis of each association, meanwhile, revealed a heterogeneous picture, where, with the exception of two of the associations, the remaining cases -in which Category 6 municipalities predominate- show no difference or even lower results in the MPI of the associated municipalities compared to the non-associated ones.
The study analyzed public policy alternatives to reduce rural food insecurity in Colombia evaluating short and long-term interventions. The methodology employed analysis of official secondary sources, expert consultations, stakeholder analysis, problem tree analysis, and weighted evaluation matrix considering cost-effectiveness, equity, and feasibility. Results identified that 31 % of rural households experience food insecurity due to market failures, government failures, and structural inequalities. The evaluation prioritized two interventions: emergency cash transfers and institutional reform of CISAN. The study concludes that addressing this issue requires combining immediate assistance measures with medium-term institutional transformations.
Political Budget Cycles (PBCs) refer to the fiscal and economic measures implemented by governments to influence electoral outcomes. Employing a panel data model via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), across 26 sectors of Colombia's National Budget between 2000 to 2024, this study identifies the presence of PBC in national elections through investment budget execution. Specifically, the PBC manifests as a cyclical pattern in which budget execution increases during pre-electoral years and contracts during election years. Furthermore, significant increases in investment execution were observed during the years when presidential reelection was authorized in Colombia, confirming opportunistic practices in budget execution. Finally, the sectors with the highest budget allocations and most pronounced cyclical patterns are Presidency, Finance, and Transport.
This study investigates the socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality due to intestinal infectious diseases in municipalities of Northeast Brazil between 2007 and 2021, with an emphasis on the spatial dimension of the phenomenon. It hypothesizes that the infant mortality rate (IMR) exhibits significant spatial effects, meaning that the risk of mortality in a municipality is influenced not only by its internal characteristics but also by the socioeconomic conditions of neighboring municipalities. Based on panel data and spatial autocorrelation tests, the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) was adopted. The SDM captures the direct and indirect effects of explanatory variables. The results reveal that vaccination coverage and the number of families benefiting from the Bolsa Fam & iacute;lia program significantly reduce IMRs associated with intestinal infectious diseases, with coefficients of-1.43 and -1.20, respectively, and positive effects in bordering municipalities. On the other hand, variables such as GDP per capita and sanitation expenditure did not show a statistically significant impact. Spatial analysis identified the persistence of high mortality clusters in inland and historically vulnerable areas. We conclude that territorial public policies, integrated into and sensitive to the spatial distribution of inequalities, are fundamental to addressing the problem, and this conclusion points to future investigations that incorporate environmental, institutional, and intersectional dimensions.
Public goods contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as their provision enables economic growth and development which facilitates poverty eradication or environmental protection. While Bogota has made progress in the SDGs that surpasses the national average the role of Bogota's localities in advancing them is still unclear. This paper presents an analysis of the budget allocation for expenses by localities mayors in Bogota and its relationship with the SDGs for the period 2019-2023. Using an econometric model, we seek to determine whether larger disparities in observed gaps SDGs have led local mayors to allocate more budget to them. We find that Local Development Funds are not focused on closing SDG gaps.
Payment for Environmental Services (PEs) in Colombia emerged with the 2016 Peace Agreement, aiming to engage rural communities in mitigating the environmental degradation of strategic ecosystems in exchange for financial compensation for their work. However, these projects face challenges in their implementation. This research aims to analyze the impact of PEs on beneficiaries located in the Ot & uacute;n River basin in Risaralda, using a logical framework and inductive approach, and collects information through structured interviews with participants. The results reflect substantial changes in the beneficiaries' productive activities, replacing livestock farming, monocultures, and mining with agroecology, beekeeping, and ancestral crops, among others. However, there are shortcomings that threaten their continuity, which are worth addressing, as the PEs strategy has been successful and has great potential.
Governance faces growing challenges resulting from accelerated urbanization, socioeconomic inequality, and climate change, which demand a rethinking of territorial management approaches without compromising sustainability. In this context, Inclusive Territorial Governance (ITG) is a strategic approach that promotes horizontal relationships, equitable participation, and social cohesion, especially in historically marginalized communities. This study conducts a systematic bibliographic analysis based on the conceptual and practical linkage between Inclusive Territorial Governance (ITG) and the community-based circular economy (CCE), with the aim of identifying theoretical and methodological approaches, effects, tensions, challenges, and opportunities associated with this interrelation. The findings highlight its positive impact on environmental management, green infrastructure, and territorial resilience. Despite institutional and regulatory limitations, ITG represents a pathway to strengthen self-management, promote sustainable productive models, and foster environmental justice. In summary, ITG offers a comprehensive framework for addressing socio-environmental challenges through inclusion and sustainability.
This article analyzes the determinants of underemployment in Colombia and in the Atlantic Coast departments (Sucre, Cesar, La Guajira, Magdalena, and C & oacute;rdoba), using microdata from the 2024 Great Integrated Household Survey (GEIH). A probit model corrected for heteroskedasticity is estimated to identify individual, labor-related, and household variables associated with the probability of being underemployed. The results reveal significant differences between the Atlantic Coast and the national average. In the coastal region, variables such as education and gender lose statistical significance, suggesting broader precarization of the labor market. Employment stability, occupation type, and industry sector emerge as the most relevant determinants of underemployment. These findings support the need for regionally targeted labor policies to address structural underemployment, particularly in areas where informality and poor job quality remain pervasive.
This study analyzes the relationship between formal employment and victimization by domestic violence, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (pNs) and Probit model estimates. The results show that women with formal jobs are less likely to suffer intimate partner violence, suggesting that formal employment serves as a protective factor by enhancing economic autonomy, access to support networks, and the ability to leave abusive relationships. The effect is more significant among white and Asian women, indicating an unequal distribution of benefits across social groups. This disparity may reflect inequalities in access to institutional protection and differing levels of exposure to coercive control. Promoting access to formal employment is recommended as a complementary strategy to combat domestic violence, especially for the most vulnerable groups. These findings highlight the importance of labor inclusion in empowering women and reducing their risk of victimization in contexts marked by structural and social inequality.
Labor informality is a global phenomenon characterized by precarious working conditions. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing the informal economy in downtown Neiva-Huila using a descriptive mixed-methods approach. A total of 90 street vendors were surveyed, mostly Colombian women (51,11 %) from low socioeconomic backgrounds and with low to medium educational levels. A significant 93,33 % entered informality due to a lack of formal job opportunities. The median income was COP 1.000.000, with 8-hour workdays. About 52,22 % lacked access to formal financing, citing fear of debt, strict requirements, and high interest rates as barriers. Participants also reported challenges such as weather conditions, insecurity, police harassment, and institutional neglect. In conclusion, informality in Neiva reflects precarious labor conditions, financial exclusion, and limited institutional support. Workers call for state assistance, access to credit, and inclusion in public policies to improve their living conditions and promote social inclusion.
In Antioquia, tourism is consolidated as a key activity to promote local economic development and strengthen the sense of belonging of the communities, through the responsible use of the material and intangible resources characteristic of each territory. However, there is evidence of limited integration among destinations through organized network routes, which can offer tourists differentiated experiences based on their potential. The purpose of this study was to design agroecotourism peace circuits using SIG based on the geospatial characterization of infrastructures and resources, and the analysis of the Agroecotourism Development Index (ADI) of 30 destinations located in Dabeiba and Arboletes. According to the findings, eight destinations were identified with an ADI equal to 4, indicating high potential, and 20 destinations with an ADI equal to 3, indicating moderate potential. In conclusion, the analysis of the agroecotourism development index allowed the design of two circuits, made up of destinations with high potential.
The persistent territorial differences in Colombia imply challenges in development planning, even more so in post-conflict contexts. This paper seeks to explore the evolution of the elements that influence Territorial Cohesion (TC) in post-conflict contexts. By conducting a case study two municipalities in the east of Caldas department and from interviews with local leaders, based on 5 dimensions and 20 elements of TC, the results show: i) Elements with similar and high evolutions: "State Forests", "Participation", "Access to Information", "Citizen Attention" and "Dispersion"; ii) Elements with similar and low evolutions: "Climate Change Projects" and "Associativity"; and iii) Elements with differentiated evolutions: "New enterprises" and "Access to Health". It is concluded that the evolution of the elements that influence TC in the post-conflict scenario responds to particular municipal dynamics that should be recognized for the planning and implementation of public policies.
The present research aims to analyze environmental indicators related to sustainable tourism in Colombia. The data used come from the Regional Tourism Competitiveness Index of Colombia and cover the period 2017-2023. The indicators chosen for the study were derived from a judgment of experts, who validated those related to sustainable tourism. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the STATIS statistical technique. The main results show that the environmental indicators associated with sustainable tourism show a generalized regression in the departments of Colombia. However, environmental diversity, risk management, biodiversity at risk and protected natural areas are indicators that individually have experienced improvements during the period studied.
This article analyzes research trends on family businesses in Colombia through a systematic literature review that follows the PRISMA protocol, examines 68 scientific articles from various databases without temporal restrictions until February 2025 through descriptive and narrative hermeneutic analysis. The results showed a thematic evolution from financial aspects toward more complex dimensions such as sustainability and innovation, with research concentrated in economically developed regions of the country and a predominance of qualitative methodologies. The study highlights challenges such as low generational survival, slow implementation of corporate governance practices, gender inequalities and scarce connection with innovation ecosystems, while family businesses demonstrate advantages in crisis management and territorial roots, but face structural obstacles in professionalization and internationalization. The conclusion establishes that the field must evolve toward proposals that strengthen interaction with innovation ecosystems and develop specific regulatory frameworks.
This research was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the accessibility conditions for people with disabilities in the tourist attractions of Santa Marta, Colombia. The methodological design employed was a case study with a qualitative approach, based on the application of a semi-structured interview and a direct observation process that allowed collecting data on the availability of facilities, elements, and qualified personnel to guarantee accessibility in these sites. The results showed that, of the 74 attractions visited, 41 have accessibility conditions for people with different disabilities (physical, visual, hearing, deaf blindness, cognitive, mental, and multiple); furthermore, most of these have access facilities, mainly for people with reduced mobility. This analysis concluded by recognizing the importance of including accessibility in the tourism sector in order to contribute to the fulfillment of human rights, the sustainability of the destination, and the promotion of responsible tourism.
