This study proposes and evaluates, in an incentivized laboratory experiment (N = 212), a theoretically motivated measure of altruism that integrates behavior from the dictator game and ultimatum game, drawing on economic and evolutionary perspectives. Participants completed a dual-role dictator and ultimatum, a modified die-under-the-cup task, and survey-based altruism measures. Using a preregistered design, the study assessed whether adding such theoretical structure improves prediction relative to the dictator offer and ultimatum rejection. Hypothesis tests provide mixed evidence: The proposed measure did not outperform either the dictator offer or ultimatum rejection, although it showed a marginally stronger association with self-reported altruism. A non-preregistered exploratory analysis examines the ultimatum-dictator offer gap as an exploratory behavioral quantity associated with survey-based altruism. Overall, the results highlight both the promise and the limits of adding theoretical structure to behavioral measures of altruism and help clarify directions for future research.
This study examines the effect of corporate taxation on economic growth, a topic that has yielded varied conclusions in empirical research. Reductions in tax rates can sometimes increase, decrease, or have no significant impact on growth. The objective of this article is to analyze the role of taxation in economic growth using the ARDL model. To achieve this, we conducted an analysis covering the period 2000-2020, encompassing 38 OECD countries. Our findings reveal that taxes have a positive effect on the economy as long as the tax rate remains below a critical threshold. However, if this threshold is surpassed, fiscal policy has a negative impact on economic growth. This observation underscores the importance of striking a delicate balance in fiscal policy, highlighting the intricate influence of taxation on economic growth. Our analysis provides a nuanced perspective on the relationship between corporate taxation and growth, offering crucial insights for policymakers and economists.
This study examines the effect of corporate taxation on economic growth, a topic that has yielded varied conclusions in empirical research. Reductions in tax rates can sometimes increase, decrease, or have no significant impact on growth. The objective of this article is to analyze the role of taxation in economic growth using the ARDL model. To achieve this, we conducted an analysis covering the period 2000-2020, encompassing 38 OECD countries. Our findings reveal that taxes have a positive effect on the economy as long as the tax rate remains below a critical threshold. However, if this threshold is surpassed, fiscal policy has a negative impact on economic growth. This observation underscores the importance of striking a delicate balance in fiscal policy, highlighting the intricate influence of taxation on economic growth. Our analysis provides a nuanced perspective on the relationship between corporate taxation and growth, offering crucial insights for policymakers and economists.
This research explores the utilization of wavelet transform decomposition as an effective tool for hedging in the Indian stock market, particularly focusing on hedging with index futures contracts. Utilizing daily data obtained from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India spanning from 2010 to 2022, the study investigates the lead -lag relationships, correlations, and hedge ratios across different time scales through the wavelet transform method. The findings indicate a clear relationship between the Nifty 50, Nifty Bank, and Index futures in both short and longer time frames. However, in intermediate time scales, the Nifty Bank contract exhibits a leading position in the market. The correlation analysis underscores that time plays a crucial role in determining the variations, resulting in a wide range of correlations. The effectiveness of hedging, measured by the hedge ratio, displays an increasing trend across different time zones.
This study proposes to use the theory of planned behaviour to predict students' entrepreneurial intentions in Tunisian context. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect responses from 257 students. Regressions analysis was used to test hypotheses. The result shows that attitude, perceived behavior control, and subjective norms significantly influence the entrepreneurial intention. The findings will be useful for government to support entrepreneurship and encourage graduates to start their own businesses to solve even part of the unemployment problem among the youths. The article is one of the initial attempts in Tunisian context to understand the entrepreneurial intention by using the theory of planned behaviour.
This research explores the utilization of wavelet transform decomposition as an effective tool for hedging in the Indian stock market, particularly focusing on hedging with index futures contracts. Utilizing daily data obtained from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India spanning from 2010 to 2022, the study investigates the lead-lag relationships, correlations, and hedge ratios across different time scales through the wavelet transform method. The findings indicate a clear relationship between the Nifty 50, Nifty Bank, and Index futures in both short and longer time frames. However, in intermediate time scales, the Nifty Bank contract exhibits a leading position in the market. The correlation analysis underscores that time plays a crucial role in determining the variations, resulting in a wide range of correlations. The effectiveness of hedging, measured by the hedge ratio, displays an increasing trend across different time zones.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between an individual's narcissistic personality and his/her financial risk tolerance in an emerging country sample. The sample consists of undergraduate university students who have been taking finance classes in their student life. The data is examined using mean differences and regression analyses in this study. The main findings show that men tend to be more narcissistic and more risk-tolerant than women. The regression analysis result shows that narcissism and financial risk-taking have a statistically positive and significant relationship. In other words, the increase in the narcissism level of an individual leads him/her to be more risk tolerant. This study has two main contributions to the literature providing a framework for measuring the link between narcissism and financial risk tolerance and providing evidence about "narcissism bias" from an emerging country.
The current study aims to examine the phenomenon of racism in football. The researchers collected data from people of all ages in the countries of Italy, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, and a number of experts from other countries as well. Data were analysed and studied through the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that racist incidences in football are very frequent. Furthermore, it was observed that social-demographic variables seem to affect people’s propensity to racism and usually the respondents believe that racist acts are performed mainly due to lack of education, out of fear and due to general social unrest. Finally, a thorough discussion and conclusions are given for the improvement of regulations at a European level to tackle the incidents of racism abuse in the sphere of soccer.
This experimental study investigated factors that influence cheating in health literacy surveys. The objective was to predict who is most likely to cheat using Google in online knowledge surveys. The experiment randomly assigned 265 participants into three research conditions. The first group completed a pen-and-paper version of the health literacy questionnaire. The second group and the third group completed an online version of the same questionnaire, while the participants of the latter group were explicitly asked to be honest. The number of correct answers was higher in the online groups, indicating that respondents to online surveys were more likely to ‘cheat’ by using search engines to answer questions. A positive correlation was found between the ability to seek health information on the Web, and the probability that a participant would cheat without the request to avoid using the Internet. In the online group with a request to be honest, no correlation was found. The conclusion is that people who have high ability to seek information online are most likely to cheat.
The current study aims to examine the phenomenon of racism in football. The researchers collected data from people of all ages in the countries of Italy, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, and a number of experts from other countries as well. Data were analysed and studied through the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings suggest that racist incidences in football are very frequent. Furthermore, it was observed that social-demographic variables seem to affect people's propensity to racism, and usually, the respondents believe that racist acts are performed mainly due to lack of education, out of fear, and due to general social unrest. Finally, a thorough discussion and conclusions are given for the improvement of regulations at a European level to tackle the incidents of racism abuse in the sphere of soccer.
With the aim of preventing malnutrition, it has been proposed to provide information to consumers about the nutritional content of food using labelling on packages to promote healthier eating habits. Since the way in which the consumer uses the information available in the choice of healthy foods is not clear, this article aims to analyze the interrelationship between the different types of interpretative FOP labelling and the characteristics of consumers in the food purchase intention. Food purchase intention, or its negation, is determined by different combination of conditions were perceived healthiness plays an important role. Nutrition summary indicator labelling interacts with the nutrient-specific nutritional labelling, nutrition consciousness, perceived healthiness, age, and gender in different ways to determine purchase intention or negation of purchase intention. Governments must make additional efforts to ensure that the Nutri-Score guides citizens in making healthy food choices.
With the aim of preventing malnutrition, it has been proposed to provide information to consumers about the nutritional content of food using labelling on packages to promote healthier eating habits. Since the way in which the consumer uses the information available in the choice of healthy foods is not clear, this article aims to analyze the interrelationship between the different types of interpretative FOP labelling and the characteristics of consumers in the food purchase intention. Food purchase intention, or its negation, is determined by different combination of conditions were perceived healthiness plays an important role. Nutrition summary indicator labelling interacts with the nutrient -specific nutritional labelling, nutrition consciousness, perceived healthiness, age, and gender in different ways to determine purchase intention or negation of purchase intention. Governments must make additional efforts to ensure that the Nutri-Score guides citizens in making healthy food choices.
The article presents the results of a field experiment that uses ‘nudge’ type influences as the content of text messages targeting a specific group of debtors of one of the fast loans company’s operating in Bulgaria. This is a group consisting of so-called ‘contactless’ clients, the ones that stop paying their instalments and cut all the communication with their creditor during the COVID 19 isolation phase. We define the term nudge and also explain the differences between the traditional debt collection process and the behavioural approach to collection. We reveal the impact of nudging sms messages that make debtors feel committed to reciprocate, which is a specific automatic effect on the decision-making process. Those text messages significantly increased the probability of the debtors responding to the invitation for credit restructuring, compared to when the standard message was sent. Therefore, it is important to implement new behavioural approaches in existing debt collection strategies in the context of the new social reality created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Informal investors play a significant and critical role in the investment field. Apart from that, informal investors promote entrepreneurship as they are a funding source especially for small and micro entrepreneurs. The objective of this analysis is to identify the factors that characterize the informal investors in Spain and the United States. The basis for this analysis is the data from the website Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from the period 2001-2015 at the global individual level for Spain and for United Sates. The purpose is to compare the existing differences between the factors that characterize an informal investor in different economic periods (pre-crisis, crisis, post-crisis) in two different entrepreneurial environments, Spain and United States, to identify measures or actions that can be implemented by the national and local organisms to promote informal investment and entrepreneurship.
The authors consider the economic problem of consumers' demand under the assumption of bounded rationality. They move from the hypothesis that the consumer does not know the amount of the good maximizing the utility but he/she is able to understand, at each time period, if the current consumption is above or below than the optimal choice and decide consequently for the next period. Moreover, they also take into consideration the role of a reference amount of consumption that can influence the consumption choice of the consumer. They show that this assumption led to a failure in the convergence process towards the rational choice because the equilibrium of the model, even when locally stable, is located on an intermediate value between the rational choice and the reference quantity.
This paper presents the results of a survey carried out by the authors in two different countries that share a common language and culture, Romania and Republic of Moldova. The aim of the study is to analyze three dimensions of the money management behavior (saving, overspending, and financial awareness) and to integrate them into a model based on the theory of planned behavior. The structural equation modelling analysis reveals that saving is influenced negatively by success and centrality (two dimensions of the materialism scale), external locus of control, and pain of paying. Overspending is influenced negatively by centrality, happiness, and pain of paying, and positively by social norms and Internal locus of control. Success, social norms, and internal locus of control influence positively the financial awareness of individuals, whereas pain of paying influences it negatively. The financial and socio-psychological behavioral differences in these two countries are compared and discussed.
Considering that today's youth are inadvertently exposed to violence in all forms of media and video games, research shows that this affects the psyche, subsequently manifesting in aggressive behaviour. This research paper examines how media violence, particularly in video games and movies, impacted youth behaviour during Uzbekistan's pandemic-imposed lockdown period in 2020. The research deploys a mixed-method approach by using quantitative online and offline surveys and data collected from educational institutions and companies to analyse the impact of media violence on youth who chose to play violent video games and watch violent movies during the pandemic. At the same time, the qualitative thematic analysis presents recommendations for preventing the adverse effects of violent video games and films on young people's behaviour. The research ends with suggestions on supporting young people and ways to protect them from falling into the vicious cycle of violence, which triggers aggression in their behaviour.
In most developing countries, local companies have more expensive polluting production technology than those in developed countries. On the other hand, there is a growing concern to produce and consume ecological goods in the world. Based on this reality, and using environmental awareness as public policy, this article uses a theoretical model that determines the level of environmental awareness that a government receiving foreign investment is willing to promote, taking into account oligopolistic competition between foreign and local companies in the country. The optimal environmental awareness policy considers the impact of this policy on local investment, the benefit of the consumer, foreign investment flows, and the disutility of the contamination of polluting goods in the population. The optimal level of environmental awareness is found to depend on the degree of disutility of pollution and the introjection of politics induced by the host government.
The article presents the results of a field experiment that uses 'nudge' type influences as the content of text messages targeting a specific group of debtors of one of the fast loans companies operating in Bulgaria. This is a group consisting of so-called 'contactless' clients, the ones that stop paying their instalments and cut all the communication with their creditor during the COVID-19 isolation phase. The authors define the term 'nudge' and also explain the differences between the traditional debt collection process and the behavioural approach to collection. They reveal the impact of nudging SMS messages that make debtors feel committed to reciprocate, which is a specific automatic effect on the decision-making process. Those text messages significantly increased the probability of the debtors responding to the invitation for credit restructuring compared to when the standard message was sent. Therefore, it is important to implement new behavioural approaches in existing debt collection strategies in the context of the new social reality created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
This article investigates the presence of asymmetries in the short- and long-run relationships between financial development and economic growth covering four SMCs from 1984 to 2017 by applying the nonlinear ARDL. We factored three financial development measures that detected the financial depth and the credit to private sector taken one by one and together in four models. The empirical evidence provides significant evidence of both short-run and long-run asymmetries between the interest variables. The main conclusion drown from this paper is that in the event that policymakers place more emphasis on policies that develop financial depth and credit for private sector, a concomitant effect would positively impact long-run growth in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia.
