The integration of DNA-graphene constructs into living organisms holds considerable potential for genetic modification and gene expression modulation. This paper discusses how DNA-graphene systems could facilitate genetic changes, depending on how they are engineered. When combined with gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR, these constructs could drive changes in allele frequencies over time, especially when the inserted DNA confers a selective advantage. Moreover, the Riemann Zeta function plays a key role in understanding the scaling behavior and distribution dynamics of genetic changes, especially in large populations. We explore the underlying mechanisms, potential applications, and challenges, with an emphasis on the technological interplay between graphene-based delivery methods, gene-editing systems, and their mathematical modeling using the Zeta function. Additionally, we discuss the intriguing connection between neural networks, Navier-Stokes equations, and the Riemann Zeta function, highlighting their shared chaotic behavior, nonlinear dynamics, and scaling laws.
Background: Burn injuries are frequently complicated by septic complications, leading to disturbances in the hemostatic system. This study evaluates the impact of burn severity on coagulation parameters, fibrinolytic activity, and microcirculatory changes in 59 patients aged 18–79 years. Methods: Patients were stratified by burn severity into three groups according to the Frank index. Coagulation parameters, fibrinogen levels, thrombotest, plasma recalcification time, and platelet counts were monitored. Early necroectomy and autodermoplasty using the local hemostatic agent “Heprocel” were performed. Morphological studies were conducted on 19 deceased patients to evaluate microvascular thrombotic changes. Results: Burn severity significantly affected coagulation parameters during septic progression. Early surgical intervention combined with local hemostatic therapy restored hemostatic balance and promoted graft integration. Morphologically, microthrombi, fibrin strands, and tissue necrosis were predominant in lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, and brain. Conclusions: Severe burns induce hypercoagulation, thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombotic phenomena, leading to critical organ dysfunction. Early identification and correction of hemostatic disorders, along with adequate surgical and hemostatic therapy, significantly improve outcomes.
General and community medicine functions within a framework of complexity in which patients’ health problems arise from dynamic interactions among biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental factors, making linear and purely evidence-based approaches often insufficient. Unlike specialized medicine, primary care requires contextual, holistic, and transdisciplinary decision-making that recognizes the interconnected and unpredictable nature of human health. Patients do not present with isolated diseases but with overlapping family, social, economic, and informational influences that shape illness and care outcomes. The metaphor of the crowded cabin scene from the film A Night at the Opera illustrates how the consultation room symbolically contains not only the patient, but also their family, living conditions, beliefs, social pressures, administrative burdens, and digital influences. In this complex environment, the physician must manage nonlinear processes, multimorbidity, psychosocial vulnerability, and contextual factors while balancing clinical, social, and relational dimensions of care. Diagnosis becomes a qualitative and biopsychosocial interpretation of the patient’s situation, and healing is viewed less as the elimination of disease and more as the progressive “unblocking” of complex life situations. Thus, general and community medicine requires a medicine of complexity grounded in relationships, context, adaptability, and personalized care.
Human survivability depends on the ability to remain alive in changing states, conditions, and events. The development of human survivability is a complex of processes and factors aimed at ensuring sustainable existence and development in the environment. Firstly, it includes biological aspects: adaptation to various environmental conditions, development of the immune system to fight diseases, evolutionary mechanisms that enable survival in changing conditions. Secondly, social and cultural factors: education and knowledge transfer, the development of technologies and health protection tools, the formation of social institutions and support systems. Thirdly, individual skills and behavior: the skills of finding food, protection, and reproduction, the formation of safe behavior habits, the ability to independently regulate and cope with stress. Fourthly, ecological and technological solutions: the creation of living conditions that meet human needs, the use of technology to improve the quality of life and protect the environment. The overall goal of developing survivability is to ensure not only the physiological existence of a person but also their ability to develop, maintain health, and adapt to new conditions, which ultimately contributes to the duration and quality of life.
The terms drug, medicine, and pharmaceutical product are frequently used interchangeably in scientific literature, clinical practice, and regulatory discourse. However, these terms represent distinct concepts with important implications for drug development, regulation, clinical use, and public understanding. A drug refers to an active chemical or biological substance that produces a pharmacological effect in the body. In contrast, a medicine is a finished dosage form that contains one or more drugs formulated with excipients and approved for therapeutic use. The broader term pharmaceutical product encompasses drugs, medicines, diagnostic agents, vaccines, biologics, and other health-related products developed and manufactured under pharmaceutical standards. This review aims to clarify the conceptual and practical differences between drugs, medicines, and pharmaceutical products by synthesizing evidence from regulatory guidelines, pharmacological literature, and clinical studies. A narrative literature review was conducted using major biomedical databases, focusing on definitions, regulatory frameworks, formulation science, and clinical applications. Comparative analysis was applied to highlight differences in composition, regulatory approval, quality control, and therapeutic intent. The findings indicate that while drugs represent the pharmacologically active entities, medicines are patient-ready formulations designed to ensure safety, efficacy, and adherence. Pharmaceutical products extend beyond therapeutic agents to include preventive and diagnostic tools regulated under pharmaceutical legislation. Misuse of these terms may lead to regulatory confusion, prescribing errors, and misinterpretation of scientific data. In conclusion, precise differentiation between drugs, medicines, and pharmaceutical products is essential for accurate scientific communication, regulatory compliance, and effective clinical practice. Improved conceptual clarity can enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, education, and healthcare decision-making.
A decrease in erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility serves as an important diagnostic marker of pathological conditions associated with impaired gas exchange, microcirculation, and tissue trophism, often leading to systemic hypoxia and deterioration of the patient's clinical status. This study investigates the potential of magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B) to modulate these properties in a targeted and controlled manner. A novel approach is proposed to enhance erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility in patients with toxemia through treatment with magnetite nanoparticles. In vitro experiments demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase - nearly threefold - in erythrocyte mobility following exposure to MCS-B, compared to untreated controls. The optimal efficacy was observed at a blood-to-nanoparticle ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, application of a constant magnetic field with an intensity of 200–250 kA/m for 2-3 minutes resulted in effective removal of residual nanoparticles from blood samples (p < 0.001). The results highlight the biocompatibility and clinical potential of this nanomedical approach, which may serve as a basis for new therapeutic strategies in transfusion medicine, critical care, and regenerative therapy. The study addresses a pressing interdisciplinary challenge, bridging hematology, biophysics, and nanotechnology, with implications for both basic science and clinical implementation.
The integration of nanotechnology and gene editing into dentistry represents a pivotal shift from palliative care to molecularly precise intervention. This review examines the dual-track evolution of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for biofilm eradication and the emerging ethical paradigm of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated tissue engineering. Recent biomedical research highlights the transition from broad-spectrum antimicrobials to "smart" delivery systems that release therapeutic loads only in response to localized pathological cues, such as pH drops or enzymatic presence within a biofilm. Simultaneously, clinical reviews of dental gene therapy underscore the necessity of a robust ethical framework as we move toward permanent genetic modification of oral tissues. This synthesis provides a comprehensive look at how these innovative technologies are reshaping the biological landscape of clinical practice.
Abdominal ultrasound (AUS) is a non-invasive imaging modality frequently employed to assess conditions of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and bowel. It offers a rapid alternative to more extensive imaging protocols in evaluating patients with acute or chronic disease conditions. The speed and accessibility of AUS enable broad adoption in clinical practice. Fundamental ultrasound principles form the basis for reliable liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and bowel assessment. Transducer selection tailored to patient habitus governs image resolution and depth. The liver is optimally evaluated using a 3.0-5.0 MHz curved-array transducer, allowing adequate penetration without undue loss of detail or frame rate. Patient positioning and transducer angling define the fundamental acoustic windows. Bowel assessment is limited due to normal peristalsis and gas-associated attenuation, yet the central abdominal location, targeted imaging between the hepatic flexure and sigmoid colon, and recognition of characteristic echo textural features enhance diagnostic potential.
Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation of vitamin D status with thyroid in north Gujarat, Indian population. This is because to give deep understanding for depiction of the vitamin D status with thyroid among north Gujarat Indians. Methods: This study is retrospective in which data of subjects (>18 years) who undergone thyroid and 25(OH)D test at various study sites across the north Gujarat in India. Primary study variables were proportion of subjects with Vitamin D (25(Hydroxy)D) Total (Deficiency (<30 ng/ml), Sufficiency (30-100 ng/ml)) and in thyroid (T3, T4 and TSH).Results: Data from 1109 subjects (mean SD) age: 46.97 (13.39 years) was considered for the analysis of this study. A total of 941 (84.9%) subjects had Vitamin D level <30 ng/ml. Prevalence of vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml was found marginally higher in males (85.78%) than females (83.81%). The incidence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml was highest in the age group of 21 – 40 (87.17%) years, followed by > 60 (86.34%) years and 41 – 60 (82.57%) years. For thyroid profile 1000 (90.2%) subjects had within the stated values while 109 (9.8%) subjects had low or more than the stated values. Hence 1000 (90.2%) subjects are normal and 109 (9.8%) subjects are abnormal thyroid profile. Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the Indian population of north Gujarat irrespective of age and sex. This study found that the developing thyroid dysfunction with deficient and sufficient levels of vitamin D. These identified deficient of Vitamin D represent part of a bigger concern which need for optimal public health action.
Graphene-based materials have attracted increasing interest for biomedical and tribological applications; however, their behavior in biological fluids differs fundamentally from that of crystalline solids. When functionalized with DNA and introduced into aqueous environments, graphene forms a soft, hydrated, polyelectrolyte composite whose lubrication properties are governed by classical soft-matter physics rather than lattice vibrational dynamics. In this work, we present a physically grounded framework for understanding the lubrication potential of graphene–DNA composites in joint-like environments. We argue that the dominant and most plausible mechanism is boundary lubrication via hydrated polymer brushes, in which DNA chains retain strongly bound hydration layers that generate steric and electrostatic repulsion under load while maintaining low shear resistance. This mechanism is analogous to natural joint lubricants such as lubricin and hyaluronic acid and is independent of phonons or Brillouin-zone concepts. Additional contributions may arise from electro-responsive rheological effects under low-frequency electric or electromagnetic fields, shear-induced alignment of DNA chains during motion, and limited tribo-film formation in bulk suspension. The role of graphene in these processes is primarily passive, providing mechanical robustness, surface anchoring, and conductive pathways for charge redistribution. We further clarify that low-frequency fields can modulate polymer conformation, ionic distributions, and fluid flow, but cannot excite graphene phonons in biologically relevant conditions. Overall, this work reframes graphene–DNA composites as classical hydration-based bio lubrication systems and identifies both their potential and their biological limitations in joint lubrication applications.
There are millions of patients suffering from rare diseases around the globe. However, the number of patients affected by individual diseases remains relatively low. Many rare diseases lead to delays in their treatment and clinical intervention. This has made "orphan drugs" a significant breakthrough in therapy. These are drugs developed for rare diseases. Historically, rare diseases had not been of much interest to the drug industry. However, this has changed over the years. Initiatives such as the "Orphan Drug Act" of the United States and other countries in Europe and Asia have shown promising results. There has been substantial growth in the number of approved "orphan drugs" over the last two decades. Despite these advances, challenges remain. High development costs, limited clinical trial populations, and uncertainties about long-term safety and efficacy complicate orphan drug research. In addition, the high prices of many orphan drugs raise ethical and economic concerns about the affordability and equitable access to such treatments. Nevertheless, over the last two decades, recent progress within molecular genetics, precision medicine, and biologics has transformed the orphan drug landscape, with the ability to treat targets of underlying disease mechanisms rather than symptoms alone. Scientific, regulatory, and clinical dimensions of orphan drug development are discussed in this review. It describes state-of-the-art methodologies for emerging research, summarizes the evidence of available clinical data, and evaluates outcomes from orphan drug use. By integrating updated literature and current clinical information, the article points out the increasing role of orphan drugs in offering improved survival, quality of life, and disease management for patients with rare disorders. This will, without question, require continued collaboration among regulators, industry partners, clinicians, and patient advocacy groups to maintain innovation while ensuring ethical distribution and long-term therapeutic success.
Convolvulus cneorum essential oil is packed with bioactive chemistry, its leaves harbors molecules that protects pain, reduces inflammation, reduces oxidative stress, neutralize free radicals, microbial infections and restores vitality in the body. Its unique spectrum of bioactive compounds also provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, hepato-protective, antidiarrheal, anticancer, anti-tumor, hypo-lipidemic activity amongst others. The herbal plant stands as a bridge between traditional and modern pharmacology. GC/MS analysis of Convolvulus cneorum essential oil revealed the presence of 39 bioactive compounds and the predominant compounds includes; Alpha--murolene (18.96 %), α-terpinene (18.07 %), 1,8-cineole (10.44 %) and β-caryophyllene (10.04 %). The synergy between other compounds in the oil forms a medicinal library that can also be used to curb the increasing cases of antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, Convolvulus cneorum essential oil remains a living example of validated pharmacological medicinal plant with measurable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapy
The IndyCar series distinguishes itself by providing the same design and operation of the single-seater to its pilots. The difference in times is then attributable to the skills of the drivers, but considering the data from the races could test this assumption. The objective of this work was to establish a trajectory model to predict race times. A cross-sectional, correlational and explanatory work was carried out with a sample of 18,474 records in the period from 2020 to 2023 of the IndyCar series. The results show that the time span predicts the time differences. In relation to the studies of acceptance of the technology, the adjustment of this to human capacities to explain the time differences in the series of racing cars is discussed.
Recent advances in quantum biology and DNA nanotechnology suggest that quantum coherence and phase-aligned entanglement may play a fundamental role in stabilizing DNA structures beyond the canonical double helix. This paper proposes that phase-aligned entanglement can facilitate the formation and stabilization of DNA triple helices (triplex DNA), particularly in the presence of Hoogsteen-bonded third strands involved in gene targeting and regulatory modulation. We explore the conditions under which quantum coherence between complementary and third strands allows for a stable triplex state, drawing from empirical data on triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), synthetic enhancer RNAs, and DNA-graphene hybrid quantum interfaces. Our model integrates entanglement fidelity, spin coherence, and π–π stacking interactions, offering new insights into triplex applications in epigenetic therapy, biosensing, and programmable genome editing.
The pharmaceutical manufacturing has sustained a profound conversion in charm marketing methods, growing from installed, product-attracted methods to creative, patient-focused strategies stimulated by using virtual sciences. In the starting, pharmaceutical buying relied heavily on face-to-face exposure, impressive substances, and safety of recovery occasions to attain healthcare companies. Nowadays, the rise of mathematical forms has reshaped this way, permissive corporations to deal with content via online packages, public information, cellular requests, and telemedicine channels. Digital conversion has no longer been the most effective expansion of production’s attain, however, nonetheless more suitable charm volume to interact with victims and healthcare specialists in real time. But these progresses have brought about new ethical challenges, including issues approximately patient solitude, the accuracy of joint news, and the accountable use of grown data. Regulatory substances are more and more directed on ensuring that pharmaceutical buying remains transparent, proof-located, and aligned with community health practices. Balancing exchange with moral maturity is crucial as groups readjust to a right now converting mathematical nation-state. Searching beforehand, patient authorization, trust-creation, and regulatory settlement will stretch to outline a hit purchasing rules in the pharmaceutical industry. Knowledge that this development is critical for colleagues to ensure that promotional practices now not only best drive exchange improvement but also aid conversant healthcare conclusions and guard patient prosperity.
Dentistry is at the forefront of a much-needed sustainability revolution. Traditional dental practices generate significant environmental waste, from energy-intensive equipment to single-use plastics and hazardous materials. This review explores the latest breakthroughs in green dentistry, focusing on renewable energy integration, biodegradable materials, and digital innovations that optimize efficiency while reducing the ecological footprint of dental clinics. By analyzing over 20 cutting-edge studies from 2023–2024, we examine how solar-powered clinics, plant-based restorative materials, AI-driven waste management, and sustainable water conservation methods are redefining oral healthcare. As dental waste accounts for approximately 1% of global medical pollution, the adoption of eco-friendly innovations is not just a choice but an urgent necessity. The transition to sustainable dental practices offers economic advantages, regulatory incentives, and improved patient perceptions, making green dentistry a leading model for the future of healthcare.
Cervical cancer remains a significant health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite advancements in prevention. This review synthesizes recent progress in epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)—notably types 16 and 18—is the primary cause, promoting carcinogenesis via E6 and E7-mediated tumor suppressor inactivation. Diagnostic tools such as HPV DNA testing and cytological screening have improved early detection, while HPV vaccines continue to reduce incidence rates. Standard treatments include surgery and chemoradiotherapy, though immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and therapeutic vaccines are reshaping management approaches. The article highlights challenges in low-resource settings and explores digital innovations that enhance screening reach and equity. Through literature integration and critical insight, the review provides a framework for precision public health and outlines future directions toward eliminating cervical cancer as a global threat.
Aloe vera is widely recognized for its cost-effective benefits on the skin, with minimal associated risks. Its anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and anti-aging properties have been extensively researched. Similar effects may also apply to burn injuries. In this study, we applied aloe vera gel to a patient with scald burns and monitored wound progression. As expected, the application of aloe vera gel significantly promoted wound healing.
Dental implantology has evolved significantly over recent decades, becoming a cornerstone in restorative dentistry. However, despite its high success rate, complications such as implant failure, peri-implantitis, and inaccurate placement still exist. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dental practice has introduced new dimensions to implant planning, surgery, and post-operative care. AI-based algorithms have the potential to enhance diagnosis, optimize treatment plans, and improve implant success rates through precision and personalized care. This article reviews the current developments in AI-driven technologies in dental implantology, evaluates their impact on implant success, and explores future scopes, including AI's role in patient-specific implants, real-time surgical assistance, and predictive analytics. While the implementation of AI promises to revolutionize dental practice, challenges like regulatory concerns, data privacy, and the need for professional training persist. Addressing these will be crucial in maximizing AI's potential and ensuring a more standardized and efficient approach to dental implantology.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across various fields has brought transformative changes in the way professionals approach problem-solving, decision-making, and innovation. Dentistry, a field that thrives on precision and adaptability, has begun incorporating AI to revolutionize diagnostic tools, patient care, and treatment planning. Concurrently, in sports, AI has offered insights into performance enhancement, injury prevention, and personalized training regimens. This article explores the intersection of AI, sports, and dentistry, presenting the latest research findings and discussing the applications of AI in these domains. It emphasizes how AI can foster advancements in dental care by leveraging insights from sports science, particularly in performance tracking and personalized treatments. This exploration includes a review of recent AI-driven technologies and techniques that are pushing the boundaries of dental care, informed by sports-related biomechanics, predictive modeling, and rehabilitation protocols. The article also highlights ethical considerations, challenges, and the potential future trajectory of AI’s role in dentistry and sports. Through a comprehensive analysis of AI’s current and potential impact, we envision a future where these two seemingly disparate fields converge, enhancing patient outcomes and human performance.
