Esta pesquisa de mestrado tem como objetivo estudar o trabalho, a partir da análise da atividade de trabalho de soldadoras. O estudo foi desenvolvido com mulheres que trabalharam nas obras de uma empresa nacional do setor de geração de energia elétrica, situada na região portuária Norte Fluminense do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em ambientes de construção, é comum a utilização da terceirização temporária de mão de obra para fins de contratação. Esses espaços são tradicionalmente ocupados por homens, sendo a solda um ofício operacional com alto risco de acidentes. Além disso, as mulheres frequentemente enfrentam desafios adicionais relacionados à sobrecarga de trabalho e discriminação neste contexto. Algumas trabalhadoras conseguem ocupar estes espaços, como evidenciado nesta pesquisa, sendo apoiadas por ações afirmativas implementadas pelas empresas, incluindo programas de formação profissional. No entanto, surgem questionamentos acerca dos efeitos dessas medidas de inclusão na produção de saúde ou no eventual adoecimento das trabalhadoras, bem como sobre o ponto de vista delas acerca dessa situação de trabalho e de que maneira é possível fortalecer o desenvolvimento do seu poder de agir. A pesquisa foi realizada na forma de Pesquisa-Intervenção, fundamentada na Clínica da Atividade (Clot, 2007, 2010b) como referencial teórico-metodológico. Os conceitos de Análise Institucional (Lourau, 1993) e os princípios relacionados à vida e saúde (Canguilhem, 2009) também embasam essa abordagem. O método adotado compreende as Rodas de Conversa, juntamente com outros dispositivos. Como um convite à análise coletiva da atividade de trabalho pelas trabalhadoras, a nossa pesquisa não busca suprimir as controvérsias, mas sim utilizá-las como ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de recursos para a ação. No diálogo com as soldadoras, para além de histórias de sofrimento e adoecimento, emergiram narrativas que demonstravam potência, criação de novos modos de ampliar a saúde e a vida, por meio do trabalho. Assim, a aposta desta dissertação reside na formação pela via da atividade, destacando a importância do diálogo no coletivo de trabalho e da análise crítica da realidade do trabalho. Ao compartilharem suas experiências, as soldadoras têm a oportunidade de analisar suas atividades de trabalho, e, ao contar suas histórias, contribuem para a preservação da memória desse ofício.
This research aimed to investigate the actions, guidelines, limits, and possibilities reported by teachers of Natural Sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Sciences) and Mathematics at “Superintendência Regional de Ensino (SRE) of Diamantina, about the insertion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in educational processes, due to the suspension of activities face-to-face activities, to carry out the “Regime Especial de Atividades Não Presenciais” (REANP), in the state of Minas Gerais. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire made available to teachers of Natural Sciences and Mathematics working in state schools that offer high school. The methodology adopted for data analysis consisted of Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA), and the pre-established categories were: 1) Profile of the teacher of Natural Sciences (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) and Mathematics at SRE of Diamantina; 2) Adaptation process to activities and remote work; 3) Remote Teaching of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. As a result, this research found that emergency remote teaching highlighted social inequalities and inequalities in access to technological resources, whether material or connection, as well as the need for permanent training of education professionals, enabling reflection on the pedagogical practice that allows the option aware of whether to include digital technologies in teaching practices of SRE in Diamantina.
Unpublished translation into Portuguese of the article La condition du malade à l’hôpital psychiatrique, published in a special issue of the French magazine Esprit, number 197, volume 12, December 1952. In this edition, the magazine dedicated a special issue titled Misère de la psychiatrie, focusing on the emerging debate on psychiatric reform. On that occasion, French psychiatrists Louis Le Guillant and Lucién Bonnafé, authors who were still little known in Brazil and, to some extent, also in France, presented a rigorous analysis of the condition of patients in French psychiatric hospitals at the time. However, more than just examining the reality of these institutions, the authors demonstrated how understanding mental illness and its forms of treatment must necessarily be linked to the broader consideration of social living conditions and the need to transform them. They therefore offered a quite original and still relevant contribution to addressing contemporary dilemmas.
Entrevista de Romaric Godin e Juarez Guimarães com Marcello Musto, autor de "Os últimos anos de Karl Marx" (Les Dernières Années de Karl Marx: une biographie intellectuelle 1881-1883), uma biografia intelectual do velho Marx, entre 1881 e 1883, que permite redescobrir um pensador em constante movimento, mais aberto à diversidade do mundo do que se poderia imaginar.
The article aims to highlight the relevance and originality of the analysis by French psychiatrists Louis Le Guillant and Lucién Bonnafé, through an immanent analysis of their article, which is being translated into Portuguese for the first time, titled The Condition of the Patient in the Psychiatric Hospital. The significance of the research is emphasized as the authors reveal aspects of treatment in psychiatric institutions in France, highlighting the roles of various stakeholders: patients, professionals, managers, and society. They also link mental illness conditions with broader life conditions, arguing from the inseparability of social conditions and individual human drama to address health production. In this same movement, they uncover aspects of suffering and illness, challenging hegemonic conceptions in the field, such as theories about madness and its origins, moving beyond mythical notions. The authors do not deny the clinical dimension of mental illness but, at the same time, do not confine themselves to psychiatric nosology. They provide resources for ongoing debates that point to the need for transformation not only in health treatment conditions but also in living conditions and social relations.
O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conteúdo de pesquisas empíricas desenvolvidas que discutem a formação integral, preferencialmente, na modalidade EJA-EPT. Coloca-se como objeto de pesquisa a formação integral na EJA-EPT de Nível Médio Integrado que problematizam possíveis relações para a efetivação dessa formação. A pesquisa se fundamenta nos pressupostos da EPT, conforme Ciavatta (2005, 2014), Frigotto (2012, 2014), Machado (2008), Moura (2007, 2014, 2017), Ramos (2010, 2014); Saviani (2007, 2021), como discussões sobre EJA, conforme Machado (2010, 2014). Assim, a modalidade principal é Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2016). Os dados foram gerados por pesquisas empíricas publicados entre 2017 a 2022 com buscas nos portais CAPES, Scielo, Google Acadêmico e repositórios institucionais. Os resultados apontam que: a compreensão epistemológica demonstra que há lacuna na compreensão dos fundamentos e princípios da EPT; a compreensão pedagógica precisa sustentar conhecimentos históricos sistematizados para não haver separação entre teoria e prática; a formação continuada dos professores no embate político e organizacional precisa ser aplicada no cotidiano escolar. Conclui-se que a formação integral é ainda uma proposta nos espaços educativos que precisa ser assumida como projeto institucional envolvendo o trabalho e a cultura tendo por base a educação omnilateral constituindo um espaço contra hegemônico
The aim of this study was to expand the analysis of approaches to work, leisure and technology within the scope of academic production on leisure, from 1989 to 1999. This is a state-of-the-art study whose fundamental research principle is materialist dialectics, expressed in the dynamic, social and historical nature of human action. The research sources are debate forums, journals and institutional repositories, including articles, abstracts, reviews and papers in annals and collections of scientific events, whose texts refer to leisure and also address work and technology. The search in these sources resulted in the selection of 33 texts by 21 authors, whose studies pointed to approaches to leisure (i) in the perspective of the ludic and of the experience of culture, (ii) as a consumer product and (iii) in the perspective of non-working time. Work is discussed in a more generalized way and it is not clear how the category itself is dealt with, seeking to characterize it within the current capitalist social formation. It is approached either from Marxian perspectives, especially in The Machinery and Modern Industry, in passing, as a key sociological category or as the “new culture” of work and its impacts with technological advances and the demands of multifunctional worker. It points to a certain fragmented work, alienated from the worker, but not really delimited as a category discussed within production in which leisure is in opposition to work.
The present study aimed to verify the effect of interpersonal conflicts on the work performance of employees of the Santa Catarina Foundation for Special Education (FCEE). Three antecedent causes of interpersonal conflicts were used as the basis for the study, which are explanatory for interpersonal conflicts. Thus, the variables communication failures, structural problems and differences in personal characteristics were tested. A quantitative approach was chosen for data analysis and the technique used was structural equation modeling (PLS/SEM). An electronic questionnaire was applied, with a sample of 167 respondents. The results showed that 64% of interpersonal conflicts come from antecedent variables. This result sheds light on a problem that is easily detectable and difficult to quantify. The results showed that interpersonal conflicts negatively interfere with the work performance of employees and that communication failures and differences in personal characteristics are sources of conflicts at FCEE. On the other hand, structural problems do not represent an explanatory factor for interpersonal conflicts.
As diretrizes oficiais para o ensino básico no Brasil (BNCC) não acompanharam suficientemente a discussão que se estabelecia, no país e no mundo, sobre a formação integral do indivíduo. Assim, hoje temos um documento que privilegia o conhecimento técnico, atrelado a um tipo de educação pós-iluminista (Morin, 2017), em detrimento da educação dos afetos. Este artigo propõe, então, uma reflexão sobre como a experiência estética literária é compreendida pela Base (Portolomeos, 2021, 2022) e sobre como o trabalho docente com a literatura pode consolidar o desenvolvimento de competências sociemocionais no contexto contemporâneo de nossos alunos, marcado pelo “ensimesmamento da cultura do selfie” e da automodelagem (Rocha, 2021). A nossa hipótese é a de que o trabalho com a leitura literária na escola pode ser entendido como uma das principais forças contra o declínio do homo psychologicus, no qual há o deslocamento do eixo em torno do qual se edifica o que se é: de dentro (intro-dirigido) para fora (alter-dirigidos) (Sibilia, 2016). Nessa nova configuração do eu, a imagem de cada um passou a ser o principal valor de troca em detrimento de elementos ligados ao caráter, fato debatido por Richard Sennet (2016) como “corrosão do caráter”. Por outro lado, a leitura literária impulsiona o leitor a um engajamento com personagens e ideias diferentes das dele, impelindo-o a pensar sobre valores como a empatia, a solidariedade e a tolerância na constituição de si mesmo e da sociedade.
Cette thèse cherche à mettre au jour les savoirs et les valeurs en circulation dans l’activité d’abattage de “choco”. Cette opération consiste en l'identification et l'abattage de roches instables effectués manuellement par des travailleurs regroupés par deux, considérée comme l'une des opérations les plus critiques en termes de santé et de sécurité des travailleurs dans les mines souterraines. C'est le cas d'une petite entreprise minière familiale, la seule au monde à extraire, par exploitation souterraine, un certain type de minéral. L'approche ergologique du travail a été adoptée, qui cherche à mettre en valeur l'activité humaine située en offrant un cadre référentiel qui permet non seulement la rencontre avec l'activité, mais interroge également l'environnement dans lequel cela se produit à travers un débat de normes qui mobilise savoirs et valeurs. en circulation dans cette expérience. Tout d'abord, des entretiens exploratoires semi-structurés ont été réalisés pour obtenir des informations sur l'histoire personnelle/familiale et professionnelle de deux travailleurs ayant une expérience exceptionnelle dans l'abattage de “choco”, permettant d'identifier des éléments qui suggèrent ce que chacun aime y faire, pourquoi il y reste, comment il a construit sa vie et sa vie au travail - surtout si l'on tient compte de l'inséparabilité entre les deux. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé la méthode d’ Instruction au sosie comme référence pour une approche plus efficace de l'activité dans cette situation de travail, en leur proposant de verbaliser en détail la manière dont ils la réalisent, en rendant leur expérience accessible afin de la comprendre en termes de savoirs, de valeurs et de renormalisations entreprises dans leur travail quotidien. Les instructions ont révélé une manière de faire dans un environnement marqué par des risques tels que la faible luminosité, le bruit, l'humidité et les variations de la masse rocheuse, soulignant la nécessité de progresser dans la compréhension des savoirs de prudence et des dimensions telles que l'attention, la mémoire, la perception, l'ouïe, la vue, les sensations corporelles présentes dans les gestes de ces travailleurs et fondamentales non seulement pour leur sécurité et celle de leurs collègues, mais aussi pour d'autres opérations dans la mine. Pour ce faire, l'Entretien d'Explicitation a été utilisé, invitant les travailleurs à verbaliser l'action qu'ils ont entreprise, comme une source importante d'information sur le déroulement de l'activité, en recherchant une description de son déroulement, en tant que travail réel. Pour réaliser le travail prescrit, le travailleur développe des savoirs dans son corps dans et par l'expérience de vie et travail, il doit être attentif aux signes de risque, les ressentir et mobiliser, à tout moment, même si ce n'est pas consciemment, des savoirs incorporées, pour survivre à chaque entrée dans la mine. En double, il prend, à tout moment, des micro-décisions concernant ce qu'il faut faire pour se protéger et protéger son partenaire, décisions qui font appel à des valeurs telles que la confiance, la solidarité, la protection. Dans leur travail quotidien, ces travailleurs sont appelés à faire face à quelque chose de non standardisé, de contingent à chaque situation, agissant sur la base de leur expérience dans l'ici et maintenant. Le corps-soi, cette "entité énigmatique", y est fortement présent, chargé d'un savoir incarné, sensoriel, difficile à verbaliser, mais toujours à l'œuvre dans l’activité chaque fois que la variabilité de l'environnement souterrain l'exige.
The relationship between work and education emerged in the beginnings of humanity and the interference of one factor over the other constitutes a bond of identity that makes them inseparable. However, this relationship evolved over time and several factors began to influence it and other aspects to be influenced. The objective of this article was to identify the epistemological foundations of the relationship between work and education and to understand the advances of neoliberal policies in the educational field. The study based on the field of human and social sciences, used the bibliographic survey that made it possible to deepen the field of research about the relationship work and education, having as main authors Mariano Fernandez Enguita and Dermeval Saviani, in addition to authors who discuss this relationship in the neoconservative context, such as Gaudêncio Frigotto, Pablo Gentili, Laura Tavares Soares and Martin Carnoy. It was concluded that capitalism has effectively re-signified the relationship between work and education, making society more unequal and miserable. Education in neoliberal molds is opposed to an intellectual, human, practical and citizen training, which is one of the main challenges faced today. In short, such policies accentuate the characteristics of a dual education system and make teaching, teaching work and school establishments even more precarious.
The objective of this work of theoretical argument is to indicate some devices involved in the political choice of undergraduate students during their formative period. To this end, an interpretation of the constitution of the subject in Michel Foucault was proposed through a literature review. This led to the concept conventionally called modes of subjectivation. From this perspective, the relationship between the modes of subjectivation and the conception of truth was analyzed, as this is an essential factor in the composition of subjectivities in Foucault's reading. Finally, possible power-knowledge mechanisms involved in the production of political subjectivities of university students in contemporary times were indicated. Thus arguing that both the curricular subjects of higher education courses, and what Foucault called parrhesia, present in power relations, are relevant mechanisms for this political choice of students in the university context.
Starting from a working situation, the ergological approach allows characterizing two levels of approaching a single reality: one that fits the very local and very present, the other one that recalls constantly antecedent norms, on a general level. Distinguishing these two levels (anchoring and referencing) allows finding their dialectics and taking advantage of it in professional training.
The article presents part of an ongoing research that aims to analyze the particularities of the social relations that constitute contemporary digital platforms. To achieve this objective, the analysis adopts the lenses of the critique of political economy. Adopting a notion of labor based on its specifically capitalist social form, the article problematizes the concept of digital labor. Afterward, the article analyses some arguments from the contemporary approaches to digital platforms. Lastly, by proposing a new classification for them, the article addresses some controversies of the Marxist debate on the social relations involved in digital platforms.
In this article we highlight and discuss the categorical complex that involves the human dimension of Politics in Amilcar Cabral and Karl Marx. We highlight and discuss the processes that involve political and human-social emancipation. It is worth highlighting that the Categories are moving and moved forms of historical dynamics. Work, as a founding category of existence, performs fundamental mediations, shaping and developing human-social relations in each historical period. These fundamental and historical mediations mark the human-social relations that differentiate slavery in antiquity; from the Feudal period; of the relationship of wage servitude in capitalism, so that each historical period has its specificities.
The question of un travail qui forme is still open and very topical. Although it must be done, it is not on the ground of the critique of the educational practice of societies that we wish to found a relevant theorization to support the formative role of work. It is in the very conceptualization of work and in the experience of it in our contemporary societies that we can find a fertile ground to reinterrogate this question. For us, if there is a "pedagogy of work" at work, it must be inscribed in the very idea of work as an element of the process of hominization, humanization and individuation in the future of man. This question imposes us to denote, in some philosophical passages, although in the contributions of other disciplines that study the work, some categorical complexes around the terms praxis-poièsis and as they unfold in the contemporary debates around the conceptual par action-activity. And it is indeed in this theoretical core that we can meet the elements for a theory of the formation of the man that interests us for the theorization of a "pedagogy of the activity".In this article, we will problematize the notional praxis-poiesis complex, before breaking through some passages in Kant's works around the notion of activity [Tätigkeit], the center of our current reflections.
In the French continuing professional training area, the work situation was legally recognized as a place of formal training in 2018. However, for a long time it has been poorly regarded, because it was suspected of meeting too many of the needs of companies and too few of those of the people to be trained. The aim of this article is to question the present interest in the work situation: what demands for the transformation of training and trades does it fulfil? To do this, we will use the theoretical framework of professional didactics, and will discuss three training projects described as experiments during which we were methodological support or researcher. Each project uses workplace training in a different way, with unexpected effects that highlight latent transformations in both training and trades.
This study aimed to identify the profile of 21,373 undergraduate students from teacher education courses in Chemistry, Physics and Biology and their relationships with work. From the ENADE 2017 microdata, we selected and organized 12 questions into the Socioeconomic, Academic, and Professional dimensions and we selected one question to create three student conditions, considering sociological literature: Student (0h), Student-worker (up to 20h) and Worker-student (more than 21h). Chi-square tests, graphical diagrams, and standardized residuals made it possible to visually distinguish existing associations. Considering the three dimensions, it is possible to notice that the Student is similar to the Student-Worker, mainly due to the parents' level of education and forms of study, with the vocation for a teaching being characteristic of the latter. The Worker-student differs in all aspects from the other two and is largely marked by the relationship with work and income.
The precarization of teaching work is a historical recurrence in Brazil, and despite attempts at resistance, it has become cultural. This results in low salaries, overcrowded classrooms, the necessity for multiple jobs, reduced planning hours, among other issues. Changes in the conceptions of work have always occurred but underwent significant alterations with neoliberalism established as the prevailing rationality. In the case of teaching work, precarization occurs due to new ways of practicing the profession, stemming from the articulation of technological neoliberalism and the flexibilization of labor laws. In this context, uberization is understood as a new form of work organization, based on technological expansion. This article aims to present an analysis of the processes of precarization of teaching work in Brazil, focusing on the Superprof platform. The methodological approach involved the analysis of teaching work on the digital platform Superprof, supported by the writings of Michel Foucault, considering the functioning of the platform and the selected teacher profiles. As a result, it was possible to observe that the hiring of teachers through the Superprof platform is uberized and occurs with maximum precarization and exploitation of labor.
Editorial no qual se apresenta o novo formato da revista a partir de 2025, abrindo a celebração de seus trinta anos.
