The tofu processing industry is one of the strategic agro-food subsectors that contributes to providing affordable plant-based protein while creating employment opportunities and supporting local economic development. This study aims to analyze the business development strategy of the tofu processing industry in Sidodadi Village, Beringin District. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using SWOT analysis supported by the Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS), External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), and Internal–External (IE) matrices. Primary data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed to identify the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats affecting business performance. The findings reveal that the enterprise possesses a moderately strong internal condition, reflected by an IFAS score of 2.35, while its external environment presents substantial growth opportunities, indicated by an EFAS score of 5,06. The IE and SWOT matrix analyses position the business in Quadrant I (Strength–Opportunities), suggesting a grow-and-build strategy that emphasizes leveraging internal strengths to capitalize on external opportunities. The priority strategies include strengthening digital marketing initiatives, improving production capacity and operational efficiency, and enhancing product and packaging innovation. These findings indicate that optimizing the supply chain can be achieved through the strategic integration of internal capabilities with favorable external opportunities. The study provides valuable insights for small and medium-sized tofu processing enterprises in formulating competitive and sustainable business development strategies.
This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image, which consists of attribute image, benefit image, and attitude image, on purchasing decisions of Sunpride brand bananas at fruit shops in Ciputat Timur District. The research employs a quantitative method with a causal approach. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 42 respondents who had previously purchased Sunpride bananas. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results indicate that benefit image and attitude image have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, while attribute image does not have a significant effect. These findings suggest that consumers tend to place greater emphasis on perceived benefits as well as emotional attitudes and evaluations toward the brand rather than solely on the physical characteristics of the product. This study provides practical implications for fruit business practitioners and marketers, particularly Sunpride, to focus more on marketing strategies that strengthen product benefits and foster positive consumer attitudes in order to enhance purchasing decisions
Sago is the primary source of income for the community in Gaung Anak Serka Subdistrict. However, sago cultivation still faces various challenges, such as a lack of government involvement, suboptimal crop maintenance, small plot sizes, and declining yields. The objective of this study is to assess the sustainability status of sago farming in Gaung Anak Serka Subdistrict and to identify sensitive attributes. The research method employed was a survey conducted in the two largest sago-producing villages in Gaung Anak Serka Subdistrict. The research sample consisted of 35 farmers selected using Random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire and analyzed using Multidimensional Scalling (MDS) with the RAP-Sago approach. The analysis results indicate that the sustainability index is 42,25, which falls into the “Less Sustainable” category. The social dimension has an index value of 33.38, the ecological dimension 44.35, and the economic dimension 49.02. Therefore, it comprehensively fall into the “Less Sustainable” category. Then this study found 9 sensitive attributes influence the sustainability status. This study recommends the formation and strengthening of farmer groups, improving sago farmers’ knowledge, processing and utilizing waste, and expanding the area of sago plantations to enhance sago sustainability in Gaung Anak Serka Subdistrict.
Hydroponic farming is one form of urban horticultural agribusiness that has emerged in response to limited agricultural land and the increasing demand for healthy and high-quality food products. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility, business model, and sustainability level of the hydroponic enterprise Plant Quarter in Banda Aceh City. The research employed a case study method, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using financial analysis, the Business Model Canvas (BMC) was utilized to identify the business model based on its nine key elements, while sustainability analysis was carried out using the Composite Sustainability Index (CSI), which encompasses economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The results indicate that Plant Quarter generates a total monthly revenue of IDR 6,000,000 with a total monthly cost of IDR 2,853,750, resulting in a monthly profit of IDR 3,146,250. The R/C Ratio of 2.10 demonstrates that the business is financially feasible, while the ROI of 11.60% and a Payback Period of 8.62 months indicate a relatively rapid investment recovery. The Business Model Canvas analysis reveals that the main strengths of the enterprise lie in product quality, educational functions, and diverse customer segments, whereas the primary challenges include limited production capacity and suboptimal utilization of digital marketing. The sustainability analysis shows an economic index of 100, a social index of 92, and an environmental index of 92, resulting in a Composite Sustainability Index of 94.67, which falls within the highly sustainable category. These findings suggest that Plant Quarter has strong potential to serve as a sustainable urban horticultural agribusiness model in Banda Aceh City.
Community oil palm plantations experience a decline in productivity when the oil palms are approximately twenty years old. Therefore, the government has launched a program in the form of community-led rejuvenation to restore production and maintain the long-term sustainability of farmers' income. This study attempts to examine and analyze the costs of rejuvenating small-scale oil palm commodities, including estimating the loan repayment period, monthly installment obligations, and opportunities when production and commodity price fluctuations impact farmers' ability to make repayments. The study was conducted at the Suka Makmur Palm Oil Producers Cooperative (KPKS) in Suka Makmur Village, Sungai Lilin District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. Respondents were 397 cooperative member households. The financial feasibility study of oil palm commodity rejuvenation investments for farmers was conducted using the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C) methods. The study results indicate that the proposed oil palm rejuvenation program implemented by KPKS Suka Makmur is financially feasible and generates positive economic returns. Farmers are projected to begin repaying the rejuvenation costs from the fifth to the 25th year. The estimated monthly installment is IDR 381,151 per hectare or approximately IDR 762,303 per plot. A sensitivity analysis indicates that financial viability is vulnerable to extreme conditions, including significant production declines, lower fresh fruit bunch prices, increased production costs, or increased loan interest rates. The study results emphasize the importance of risk management, production efficiency, and supporting policies to ensure the program's sustainability.
A farmer group functions as a platform for local farmers to collaborate, learn, and support each other in agricultural activities. Active participation of farmer group members in various group activities not only strengthens solidarity but also has the potential to improve the group's performance. This study explores the influence of farmer group member participation on group performance in Sungai Kakap District, focusing on Parit Keladi Village. The study population consists of 569 farmers. The sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula, resulting in 123 respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. The analytical method used is SEM-PLS. This study is distinctive for its comprehensive application of Cohen and Uphoff’s four-dimensional participation framework to Indonesian farmer groups through the SEM-PLS approach, a method rarely employed in this field. The results show that participation in decision-making, implementation, and benefit utilization significantly enhances group performance, while participation in evaluation has no notable effect. This uneven influence across dimensions extends Cohen and Uphoff’s theory by demonstrating that participation is not a uniform process; instead, certain stages contribute more substantially to institutional effectiveness within the Indonesian farmer group context. The findings thus refine the theoretical understanding of participatory dynamics and provide practical insights for strengthening collaboration, improving performance, and promoting the sustainability of farmer groups
Despite persistent socioeconomic challenges in Indonesia’s aromatic crop sector, gender dynamics within the patchouli value chain remain underexplored. This study analyses the socioeconomic resilience of smallholder farmer households by highlighting the interrelationships among gender governance, market access, and adaptive strategies in the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) value chain in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Primary data from 287 respondents in ten villages was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews with 30 key informants. Data collection was conducted using a systematic random sampling method. This study investigated the relationship between gender roles and household resilience using the Gender-Sensitive Value Chain (GSVC) framework and correlation analysis. The results show that women's participation is significant throughout the value chain. However, they are still not involved in strategic decision-making. This indicates continuing structural gender-based inequality in the agricultural production system. With higher resilience scores (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), women's involvement in household financial management was positively correlated with resilience scores. This shows that women make a significant, but often unrecognized, contribution to household adaptive capacity. This study shows that for a competitive and sustainable aromatic crop economy, policies that empower women in the patchouli value chain, promote local institutions, and improve financial literacy are essential.
In northern Nigeria, COVID-19 exacerbated existing welfare deprivations and vulnerability already intensified by insurgencies. This study examines the effects of residence status and income shocks on food insecurity experiences (FIE) and households’ dietary diversity scores (HDDS) in northern Nigeria. The data were collected from 4,412 households in two non-longitudinal rounds (2021 and 2022) from five conflict-affected states in northern Nigeria. The data were analysed with endogenous treated Poisson regression model. The results showed slight increase in internally displaced households between 2021 and 2022. Average dietary diversity score decreased from 3.94 in 2021 to 3.28 in 2022, while food insecurity experiences slightly increased from 4.29 to 4.28. The Poisson regression showed that FIES increased (p<0.05) with income shocks, while HDDS decreased in response to the shocks. Also, being a permanent resident significantly reduced FIES (p<0.05), while internally displaced persons had higher HDDS. Education and income increased HDDS and reduced FIES. The households who received food assistance had higher FIES, and those who received seeds had higher HDDS (p<0.05). The respondents from Bauchi had significantly higher HDDS and lower FIES. It was concluded that income shocks and displacement adversely affected food security indicators. Therefore, initiatives to promote rural household resilience to income shocks through gender- and state-based livelihood support measures are essential for improving nutrition outcomes.
This study aimed to analyze the role of women selling spent hens in household decision-making in Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province. This study shows the role of women who work to earn a living in household decision-making in the areas of production, household expenses, the formation of family rules, and social activities. This is important for understanding how gender equality is implemented in households. The population of this study was women selling spent hens who also had the status of wives in the household. The research population comprised 39 individuals selected by census as respondents. The data for this case study were collected through in-depth interviews with respondents. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Women selling spent hens in Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province, play a significant role in household decision-making. These women contribute an average of 47% of household income, a contribution nearly equal to their husbands' contribution to household income. Therefore, they also play a role in household decision-making. Decision-making by the wife herself dominates in three fields: household production (64 %), household expenditure (49 %), and forming household rules (25 %). Decision-making by the husband and wife together, by the husband and wife, but the husband is dominant, and by the husband himself is less.
Oil palm replanting is critical for maintaining yields, improving farmer livelihoods, and reducing expansion to forested areas. Indonesia’s smallholder farmers manage a large proportion of the national plantations but face declining productivity due to aging trees and substantial constraints in replanting programs. This study presents a systematic literature review of research published between 2015 and 2024 on smallholder oil palm replanting in Indonesia. Using PRISMA-based screening, this study applied Open Knowledge Maps and VOSviewer to examine research trends, thematic clusters, and knowledge gaps. The analysis identified five dominant themes: environmental impacts, biomass economic valuation, corporate farming schemes, institutional arrangements, and community-driven initiatives. Environmental studies focus on biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions, whereas economic research examines subsidy effectiveness and productivity. Institutional analyses highlight policy frameworks and extension services, while community-oriented research explores farmer participation, collective action, and risk preferences. Despite increasing scholarly attention, major gaps remain in understanding replanting profitability, behavioral decision-making under risk, effective support mechanisms, and integrated sustainability dimensions. This study provides a comprehensive research map and outlines priorities for strengthening sustainable replanting strategies for Indonesian smallholders.
Effective institutional arrangements and policies can transform the agricultural sector by enhancing productivity to address present and future challenges. The food estate based on farmer corporation is viewed as a promising model for agricultural institutional development. It has the potential to integrate various agricultural activities from upstream to downstream, thereby increasing farmers’ overall productivity and welfare. However, institutional misalignments hinder optimal outcomes. This study employs a blended approach that includes an exploratory study and a deductive thematic analysis guided by the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. The exploratory study emphasizes the importance of developing agricultural institutions and identifies key gaps between the grand design of food estate and its actual implementation. Meanwhile, the deductive thematic analysis further explores stakeholders’ perspectives, serving as a foundation for the analysis using the IAD framework. The study finds that ineffective implementation of the food estate and the suboptimal establishment of farmer corporation are caused by stakeholders’ limited understanding, weak coordination, insufficient technology, low skills and capacities among human resources, and limited access to capital. Additionally, when developing agricultural institutions, it is essential to consider the local community’s support and trust to improve the suitability of the selected institutional form. Furthermore, agricultural institutional development should be supported by a well-organized structure, clear operational plans, and core activities to ensure sustainable implementation.
Jujun Village is located in Kerinci Regency and is one of the Integrated Laboratory Villages fostered by Jambi University. Jujun Village is known to have the largest area in Keliling Danau District, and most of its residents work as farmers and have cultivated land. The agroforestry cropping pattern approach has begun to be carried out by the community, especially since the benefits of agroforestry for the community were explained again from an ecological and economic perspective. In the journey of the agroforestry system in Jujun Village, it is necessary to know what its contribution is to community income. Specifically, this study seeks to analyze the contribution of agroforestry to the income and welfare of farmers in Jujun Village. This study ran for 8 months from April to November 2024 and was carried out in Jujun Village. This study uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods with an analysis focused on farmers' income and welfare. The results of the study show that farmers have implemented agroforestry on their land with a combination of various types of agricultural and forestry crops. The analysis carried out provides an overview of the contribution of agroforestry to farmers' income in general with varying levels of contribution. The average contribution of agroforestry to total farmer income is 51.97%. The average contribution of agroforestry to total farmer income is 51.97%. Meanwhile, the level of farmer welfare ranges from almost poor (33.33%), sufficient (26.67%), to decent living (23.33%).
The formation of a strong agribusiness ecosystem was a key driver of sustainable economic development in rural areas. This paper aims to examine the factors that support opportunities for strengthening the agribusiness ecosystem and its impact on rural economic performance. This paper used a survey to obtain responses from 200 respondents in various underdeveloped areas in Papua. Statistical evaluation of the collected data used PLS-SEM. The results showed that the correlations of all tested relationships were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Institutional support had a positive and significant effect on the agribusiness ecosystem (β = 0.312, t = 4.865, p = 0.000) and economic impact (β = 0.215, t = 3.457, p = 0.001). Market access also significantly influences the agribusiness ecosystem (β = 0.287, t = 4.236, p = 0.000) and economic impact (β = 0.198, t = 3.015, p = 0.003). Similarly, human resource quality shows a positive influence on the agribusiness ecosystem (β = 0.225, t = 3.278, p = 0.001) and economic impact (β = 0.176, t = 2.865, p = 0.004). Technology access significantly strengthens the agribusiness ecosystem (β = 0.298, t = 4.574, p = 0.000) and improves economic outcomes (β = 0.203, t = 3.186, p = 0.002). In addition, the agribusiness ecosystem itself has a significant and very high influence on economic outcomes (β = 0.352, β = 5.012, β = 0.000). The agribusiness ecosystem moderates the impact of institutional, technological, market, and human factors on economic performance.
Conflicts over forest resource control often stem from discrepancies between state policies and local land tenure practices. In West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, the government granted a 1,590-hectare concession to a cooperative under the Community Plantation Forest (HTR) scheme, with a legal permit valid for 35 years. However, the land has long been occupied and managed by local communities through Siliah Jariah. Tensions emerged due to the absence of formal recognition of socially legitimate claims made by these communities. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method in Pigogah Patibubur. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 purposively selected informants and direct field observations. The informants included farmers, the head of the Nagari Customary Council (KAN), a former employee of the ex-timber concession PT SSS, and forestry officials. Secondary data were obtained through the review of official documents. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of land access and control based on legal and social aspects of the community. The findings reveal that local communities' social legitimacy conflicts with state-backed legal claims, exacerbated by asymmetrical power relations among actors. This study recommends a more inclusive approach to land conflict resolution, one that considers both formal legal frameworks and the rights of indigenous communities.
Regional economic development, in rural areas, relies heavily on the identification of key sectors with the highest growth potential. In this context, the agricultural sector, especially food crop production, is the backbone of local economic resilience. The development of superior food crop commodities in Siak Regency is very important to increase agricultural productivity and the welfare of rural communities. To assess this potential, the study integrated several analysis methods, including the Sectoral Contribution Index (SCI), Growth Ratio Model (GRM), Location Quotient (LQ), and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), which were combined in the Composite Index (CI). In addition, GIS is used to visualize the spatial distribution of these analyses. The results showed that Bungaraya Village and Kemuning Muda Village were the main contributors to rice production in Siak Regency, each accounting for 23% of the total rice production in the area. GRM analysis shows that Temusai Village has the highest growth rate of rice production, even though it is influenced by external factors that cause production fluctuations. The results of the LQ and DLQ analysis show that some villages, such as Bungaraya and Kemuning Muda, not only meet local needs but also have the potential to support exports. The use of GIS to visualize the results of this analysis allows mapping of the spatial distribution and identification of areas with potential for further development. These findings are expected to be the basis for policy-making that supports the development of sustainable agriculture and the improvement of community welfare in Siak Regency.
The palm oil industry in Indonesia faces problems and criticism for causing deforestation, destroying biodiversity, employing minors, and violating human rights. This problem limits access for Indonesian palm oil to the European Union. To overcome this, the ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) Certification Program was established by the Indonesian government with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil in the world market. However, there are still a limited number of independent farmers who have obtained ISPO certification. This is due to a lack of information and knowledge regarding the application of ISPO principles and criteria, as well as a lack of socialization regarding the importance of ISPO certification among independent farmers. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge and effectiveness of implementing the ISPO certification program, as well as analyze the extent to which elements of knowledge influence the effectiveness of this program. The research used a quantitative descriptive method with 87 ISPO-certified independent farmers in Sintang Regency as respondents. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SMARTPLS 4.0 software. The research results show that the level of farmer knowledge is in the "good" category. The effectiveness of implementing the ISPO certification program is also classified as "effective," with elements of knowledge that have a significant effect on effectiveness, including understanding, synthesis, and evaluation. In contrast, knowledge, application, and analysis do not affect the effectiveness of implementing the ISPO program.
This study examined the factors affecting Indonesia's rice imports between 1990 and 2024. Despite efforts to become self-sufficient in rice, Indonesia remains dependent on imports because of price differences, population growth, and fluctuating domestic production. To investigate both short-term and long-term relationships among important variables, such as domestic rice production, exchange rate, national income, domestic rice prices, population, and import tariffs, this study used secondary time series data and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in conjunction with the error correction model (ECM). The findings demonstrate that exchange rate depreciation has a substantial impact on rice imports, raising import costs without significantly lowering volumes because of the inelastic nature of rice demand. Higher import volumes are positively correlated with population growth and domestic price increases. Tariffs are found to have delayed effects in later periods but have a statistically negligible impact in the short term. The interdependence in the macroeconomic environment is indicated by the confirmed long-term equilibrium relationships between the variables. Based on the ARDL results, the error correction term (ECT) coefficient is negative and significant for cointegration validity, reflecting how quickly rice import levels revert to their long-run relationship with the specified factors. According to the study's findings, import regulations need to reform.
This study aims to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of economic literacy and digital literacy on the empowerment of local communities at the Lumbung Mataraman tourist attraction. The research method used was quantitative. The study population included 4,405 residents, with 115 of them being part of the sample. Then, we tested the data to make sure it was valid and that it followed a normal distribution. The results passed all statistical tests. The correlation coefficient analysis shows a weak relationship. However, there is a good connection between economic literacy and digital literacy with community empowerment. The test shows that economic literacy does not have much of an effect on empowerment, but digital literacy does. Together, these two things have a big impact on empowerment. It was concluded that empowerment is more effective when combined with digital literacy. However, economic literacy also plays a supporting role in empowering the local community at the Lumbung Mataraman tourist attraction.
Indonesian retired female migrant workers (RFMWs) are pivotal in strengthening household economic and social resilience post-migration. This study analyzes remittance management, livelihood strategies, and family resilience among RFMWs in Kenanga Village, Indramayu Regency. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining a survey of 80 households with in-depth interviews. Research instruments included a livelihood strategy questionnaire and the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ). Results show that remittances were primarily used for housing construction or renovation, children's education, and business capital, enhancing physical and financial assets. The dominant livelihood strategy was non-agricultural business diversification due to limited natural capital. As many as 83.75% of households had high resilience, characterized by open communication, role flexibility, and adaptive capacity. These findings highlight the need for integrating remittance management with livelihood strategies to reinforce post-migration family resilience. Remittance management functions as an economic resource that supports household livelihood strategies, while livelihood strategies determine the sustainable use of remittances. These two dimensions are mutually reinforcing and, when integrated, contribute significantly to strengthening post-migration family resilience.
To understand consumer preferences in a more in-depth and structured manner, an analysis method is needed that can identify the product attributes that have the most significant influence on purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of consumers, attributes, and levels of coffee shops, as well as their locations in Medan Perjuangan District, Medan City. This study uses primary and secondary data. Sampling in this study employed the judgment sampling technique, with a sample of 43 visitors to the coffee shop. The criteria for inclusion were respondents aged 18 years or older who were not students and who had ordered coffee at the coffee shop. The data analysis approach is conjoint analysis. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of the most frequent visitors to the coffee shop were male, aged 21-30 years, self-employed, with an income of IDR 2,100,000–IDR 3,000,000, holding a high school education, unmarried, and with no dependents. Furthermore, the attributes and levels that are most in demand by consumers are Kopi Susu drinks, open spaces, sweetness, and < prices of IDR 15,000 and > IDR 15,000, as well as public facilities. So that in the discussion, the order of highest importance is the attributes of the drink, place, price, taste, and facilities. This indicates that the most important attribute when choosing a coffee shop is the quality of the drink. The suggestion given is an innovation related to the development of types of milk coffee drinks.
