Aims: Pholiota populnea is an edible macrofungus, distributed worldwide wherever cottonwood occurs. This study aimed to explore the potential antimicrobial properties of isolated lanostane triterpenes from P. populnea, namely pholiols A-D, E, G, H, J, L, and Q. Methods: A diverse range of microorganisms, including Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains were employed to assess the antimicrobial activity of these natural triterpenes. Results: Among the investigated compounds, pholiol C [3β-acetoxy-2α-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyloxy)-12β,25-dihydroxylanosta-8-en-24-one] exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100 µM against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 200 µM against Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, pholiols G and E displayed notable inhibitory properties against the S. agalactiae strain, both exhibiting a MIC value of 200 µM. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the mushroom P. populnea as a noteworthy source of triterpenes possessing antimicrobial activity.
Background: Various samples are taken from a deceased body for toxicological analysis, with the number of samples varying based on the individual's background, to determine the cause of death. The primary objective is to ascertain the connection between the toxicology findings from bile and other samples in determining the cause of death. Method: In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, two methods were utilized: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result and conclusion: The findings indicate that the toxicology results from bile were either similar to the other main samples or different. In a few cases, there were varied results that were not related to the cause of death. The study used highly sensitive analytical methods such as GC‒MS and HPLC, and qualitative results from toxicology labs in legal medicine. These results suggest that toxicology results from bile samples are not considered crucial in determining causes of death. They play a minor role and are typically only examined when blood samples are not available.
Cyclodextrins (CD) are used for various purposes in the pharmaceutical industry. Conventionally complexes are prepared via solvent methods to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Co-grinding is an effective alternative way of preparing CD complexes. However, stability studies of these products are not yet fully studied. Our aim was to execute short-term stability studies of complexes with 2 APIs (Terbinafine HCl and Fenofibrate) and a CD derivative. The results of the stability tests showed that different products showed stable amorphous properties under normal conditions and different crystalline stability under accelerated stability tests.
CoViD-19 used the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors for cell entry. ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin ii receptor type 2 blockers (Arbs) are one of the medications used in CoViD-19 patients. Some studies suggested that both of them may increase the virulence of CoViD-19.Objectives: The study aimed to determine whether the clinical condition of ACEI/ARB users is significantly different from non-ACEi/Arb users or not. Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 671 patients who were recognized by rT-PCr participated in the study. ACEis/Arb users in these positive participants were 175 (26%). All of them had been using ACEs/Arbs before got CoViD-19. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected through medical records and laboratory results.Results: Our analysis demonstrated that both groups did not differ significantly interms of death (p value=0.12). The prevalence of severe clinical course was significantly higher than non-ACEIs/ARBs users. However, we matched both groups in terms of gender and age. Surprisingly, it represented ACEis/Arb users had no more chance to experience a severe clinical course [p=0.35, OR=1.22, CI (0.79, 1.87)]. Moreover, the mean ejection fraction (EF) was higher in them (51.6 ± 8.3, p<0.001). Also, the frequency of CRP-positive patients was higher in them (73.1%, p=0.09). Other laboratory results (leukocytes and lymphocyte counts, LDH) were not significant.Conclusions: We could not find evidence that ACEI/ARBs treatment could be a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19. Thus, their treatment regime should not be altered for CoViD-19.
Diamond nanoparticles discovery and extensive applications in modern biosciences. Because of its excellent biocompatibility, it serves as useful platforms that can be implanted within polymer-based microfilm devices. Nano-diamonds complex with a chemotherapeutic show sustained release of the drug for a month, with a significant amount of drug in reserve. It serves the potential for highly localized drug release as a complementary and potent form of treatment with systemic injection towards the reduction of continuous dose, and as such, attenuation of the often-powerful side effects of chemotherapy. Nano-diamonds are very economical, allowing the wide impact of these devices for a range of physiological disorders like supporting as a local chemotherapeutic patch, or as a pericardial device to suppress inflammation after open heart surgery. Nano-diamond patch could be used to treat a localized region where residual cancer cells might remain after a tumour is removed. Nano-diamonds may be used to discover a wide range of therapeutic classes, including small molecules, proteins, therapeutic antibodies, RNAi.
