The scientific publication presents the results of experimental research on the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilization system on the photosynthetic productivity of Bettina and Vyshivanka soybean crops.Photosynthetic activity is the main factor behind biomass accumulation and yield formation in crops. Leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic potential (PP) are key indicators of how a soybean crop responds to environmental conditions and agronomic practices. Optimising the formation of the assimilating surface through seed inoculation and balanced macro- and micronutrient supply therefore remains an important task. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of inoculation and fertilisation on LAI and PP of soybean varieties Bettina and Vyshyvanka. A three-factor field experiment was carried out in 2024–2025 at the agricultural limited liability company "Druzhba" (Vinnytsia district). Factor A was variety (Bettina, Vyshyvanka); factor B was inoculation (no inoculation; HighCot Super); factor C was fertilisation (control without fertilisers; N20P20S9 with Maxim XL seed treatment as the background; background + Wonder Mikro; background + Wonder Mikro + Wonder Yelow; background + Wonder Mikro + Wonder Yelow + Wonder Bor). The accounting area of a plot was 25 m², with four replications. LAI was determined at BBCH 51-59, 60-69 and 80-85, and PP over the period BBCH 09–87. Results. LAI and PP depended on variety, seed pre-treatment and nutrient supply. The lowest values were recorded in the uninoculated, unfertilised control, and the highest where inoculation, background fertilisation and the full foliar programme were combined. In Bettina, LAI on this variant was 2.56, 4.72 and 4.47 m²/m² at BBCH 51-59, 60-69 and 80-85, exceeding the control by 0.35, 0.41 and 0.42 m²/m², while PP reached 3.044 million m²•days/ha (1.295 above the control). Inoculation increased PP by 13.1% in Bettina and 16.0% in Vyshyvanka. Combining seed inoculation, mineral fertilisation and foliar feeding with micronutrients ensures the largest leaf area and photosynthetic potential of soybean crops. Bettina responded more strongly than Vyshyvanka under identical agronomic practices.
Reseаrch has established a relationship between eggplant productivity and the timing of transplanting seedlings into open ground. Studies of the timing of planting seedlings in open ground showed changes in the duration of phenological phases of plant growth and development, in biometric parameters of plants and products, as well as the size of the crop and its quality. According to the research scheme and methodological recommendations, an experiment was conducted, which consisted of growing eggplant seedlings in a film greenhouse, with subsequent planting in the field at different times: the first decade of May, the second decade of May, the third decade of May, the first decade of June. The study examined the impact of transplanting dates on the growth, development, and productivity of eggplant plants. The findings revealed a significant influence on plant phenological indicators. It was determined that delaying the transplanting date shortens the duration of both the fruiting period and the total growing season. The duration of the fruiting period decreased from 50 days (early May) to 29 days (early June) – a reduction of 21 days. A similar pattern was observed for the "planting-to-fruiting" period: it ranged from 82 days for the eаrly planting date to 72 days for the late one. Early transplanting extended the fruiting period by 13 days and the total growing season by 6 days, whereas late transplanting (early June) reduced them by 8 and 5 days, respectively. The highest number of flowers per plant (22.3) was recorded for the transplanting date in mid-May, representing an increase of 2.2 flowers per plant compared to the control. At the onset of fruiting, the greatest plant height (76.3 cm) was observed with the mid-May transplanting date, exceeding the control by 11.9 cm. The number of fruits per plant ranged from 3.4 to 5.0. The highest fruit yield was obtained with the mid-May transplanting date (5.0 fruits per plant), an increase of 1.6 fruits per plant compared to the control. The high yield achieved with this planting date was accompanied by the highest marketable yield rate for the eggplants, at 87.2 %. Planting seedlings during the first ten days of May resulted in a yield of 26.1 t/ha – an increase of 21.2 % over the control – and a marketаble yield rate of 87.1%, which was 3.4% higher than that of the control. Planting during the first ten days of June yielded the lowest results: 17.5 t/ha (4.0 t/ha less than the control) and a marketable yield rate of 80.4 %. Biometric parameters of eggplant fruits are key indicators characterizing growth, development, and market quality; their formation depends largely on the seedling planting date and growing conditions. The highest fruit mass (159 g) was recorded for the planting date in the second ten-day period of May, exceeding other experimental variants by 13–31 g. The lowest fruit mass (128 g) was obtained when plants were planted during the first ten-day period of June. Fruit diameter and length were also greatest for the planting date in the second ten-day period of May (5.2 cm and 16.6 cm, respectively), exceeding the control by 0.7 cm and 0.9 cm. Planting eggplants at later dates resulted in less favorаble conditions for the development of these biometric parameters. The study estаblished that the most effective approach to eggplant cultivation is planting seedlings during the second ten-day period of May. Plants transplanted during this period exhibited the highest growth activity and produced the greatest yields, аlong with superior biometric parameters of the produce. A decline in efficiency was observed with transplanting dates in the first and third ten-day periods of May and the first ten-day period of June, as evidenced by reduced plant productivity and poorer biometric characteristics of the produce. Therefore, for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to transplant eggplant seedlings into open ground during the second ten-day period of May; this ensures the fullest realization of the crop's potential and the production of a high-quality harvest.
The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of biological preparations and organo-mineral fertilizer in the technology of growing soybeans of the Koroleva variety in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The research was conducted during 2024-2026 on the experimental field of the scientific research farm «Agronomichne» of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on gray forest soils. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Rizoline-r, bioprotector Rizosave-r and organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost Soya on the formation of structural elements of the soybean crop. The effectiveness of the studied technological methods was assessed by the indicators of the number of beans per plant, the average number of seeds in a bean and the mass of 1000 seeds. It was established that the highest values of the studied indicators were obtained with the complex use of Rizoline-r, Rizosave-r and Helprost Soya. In this variant, the number of beans was 16.4 pcs./plant, which was 33.3% higher than the control indicator (12.3 pcs./plant). The average number of seeds in a bean reached 2.60 pcs., which was 14.5% higher than the control (2.27 pcs.). The mass of 1000 seeds was 169.5 g, exceeding the control variant by 13.0 g, or 8.3%. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost Soya was also characterized by positive dynamics of the formation of structural elements of the crop. In particular, the mass of 1000 seeds was 164.2 g, which was 4.9% higher than the control. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the Rizoline-r + Rizosave-r complex provided an increase in this indicator to 161.8 g, or 3.4% compared to the control. The results obtained indicate the prospects of the integrated use of the studied preparations for improving the formation of structural elements of soybean yield of the Koroleva variety in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained results for further improvement of biologized technologies of soybean cultivation. To confirm the stability of the established patterns, it is advisable to continue evaluating the impact of preparations on seed yield and economic efficiency of production.
The article examines the specific features of soybean cultivation in European countries, as well as certain aspects of this sector within Ukraine’s agricultural sector. The role of this crop in Europe as a source of protein for livestock production is highlighted. Researchers recommend paying particular attention to cultivar selection, as soybean productivity, seed quality, and the economic efficiency of its cultivation depend largely on the cultivar. It has been established that when cultivars are transferred to different soybean-growing latitudes - from south to north or in the opposite direction− the maturity group and productivity level of the crop generally change. Given this biological characteristic, it is possible to practically regulate certain morphological traits, including plant height (through internode elongation), leafiness, and oil content, while protein content decreases. Particular emphasis is placed on the key elements of soybean cultivation technology in European countries. Today, the European approach to soybean cultivation focuses on environmental safety (the European Green Deal), adaptation to climate change, and maximum biologization. The main direction involves avoiding GMOs, imposing strict restrictions on pesticide use, ensuring comprehensive product traceability, and applying biological products. Thus, biologization as a component of modern production technologies provides farms with significant advantages. Direct cost savings: the cost of a per-hectare application of a high-quality inoculant is several times lower than the cost of an equivalent amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea). Improved crop quality: biologically fixed nitrogen is supplied to the plant evenly throughout the growing season, thereby directly increasing the protein content of soybean grain. Preservation of soil fertility: unlike mineral fertilizers, biologically fixed nitrogen does not acidify the soil, is not leached into groundwater, and does not adversely affect the natural soil microbiome.
The scientific publication conducted a study during 2024–2026 on the impact of biostimulants on the formation of yield and quality indicators of winter wheat under climate change conditions. The climatic conditions of the Lubny district over the years of research confirmed the trend towards climate change, which has an impact on the formation of winter wheat productivity (the average annual temperature increased to +9.4°C compared to the base rate of +7.9°C). Spring-summer droughts (especially in 2024) significantly limited the productivity of control variants. However, the use of the studied biostimulants made it possible to effectively level abiotic stress, prolong the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus and stabilize grain filling. According to a set of indicators, the Peremoga Odeska variety showed higher ecological plasticity and adaptability to hydrothermal anomalies compared to the Sonatic variety. On average, over 3 years under control, Peremogha Odeska produced a yield of 5.81 t/ha, grain quality was 780 g/l, protein content - 12.1%, gluten - 26.8%. The Sonatic variety under similar conditions yielded 0.68 t/ha, protein content - 0.3%, gluten - 0.8%. All studied biostimulants had a positive effect on the structure of the endosperm and grain fullness. The maximum effect was provided by the preparation Gumifield: the grain nature increased by 15–22 g/l (up to 790–795 g/l), the vitreousness increased by 12–15% (reaching 78% in the Peremoha Odeska variety), and the mass of 1000 grains increased by 5.6–6.2 g. The second position in terms of efficiency was taken by the amino acid complex Amino Star, while the effect of the preparation Megafol was the least pronounced. Foliar feeding with stimulants activated nitrogen metabolism and re-utilization of substances in the grain. Treatment with the preparation Gumifield provided the maximum content of gluten (29.4% for Peremoha Odeska and 28.6% for Sonatic) and protein (13.4% and 13.0%, respectively), which guarantees the production of grain of high food grades. The drug Amino Star also provided a mathematically reliable increase in grain protein content (+0.6% compared to the control). The highest yield over the years of research was formed by the combination of the Peremoha Odeska variety with the Gumifield biostimulator - 7.70 t/ha on average over three years, with an increase of +1.89 t/ha (in the dry year of 2024, the increase reached a maximum of +2.49 t/ha). For the Sonatic variety, the same drug provided 6.47 t/ha (+1.34 t/ha compared to the control). The use of Amino Star guaranteed the receipt of 7.06 t/ha and 6.02 t/ha, respectively, by variety. The obtained increases are mathematically proven, since they significantly exceed the critical difference indicators for the interaction of AB factors in all years of research.
