Background and Objective: Stunting is a growing problem that happens to children caused by lacking some certain nutrients.Stunting based on TB/U index using WHO standard with Z-Score <-2 SD.This study determine the effect of cookies with and without red beans on TB/U Z-Score and albumin levels of stunted children aged 13-36 months in Durian and Kuba Sentang Village.Materials and Methods: Quasi experiment is a type of research that is used with pre and post test design, the population is all children aged 13-36 months who experience stunting, then the sample was divided into two groups of stunting toddlers who were given cookies with and without red beans, each group consists of 26 people.Provision of cookies with and without red beans given every day as much as 5 pieces (20 g/chip) weighing 100 g for 12 weeks.Data were collected with TB data and albumin levels before and after giving the cookies.The albumin content was examined in the North Sumatra Regional Health Laboratory.Results: Cookies with red beans affect the bodyʼs height and albumin levels while the group of cookies without red beans only affects albumin levels.As for the difference in Z-Score and blood albumin using the T-independent test, there were differences in the treatment group compared to the control group with p<0.05.Conclusion: Red bean cookies which are rich in protein, zinc, calcium and Fe were able to increase Z-Score (TB/U) and blood albumin levels.
Thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) is a water-soluble and essential vitamin and act as a coenzyme after converting to thiamine pyrophosphate in crucial metabolic enzymes of pyruvate dehydrogenase, "-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase.The original paper that investigated the influence of stepwise increases in carbohydrate intake on thiamine requirement seems to mislead the reader into considering an increase in thiamine requirement for excessive carbohydrate intake.Thiamine is reabsorbed in the brush border membrane of renal proximal tubular cells through thiamine transporters.The transport of thiamine with a stoichiometric thiamin/H + exchange of 1:1 is facilitated by the outward H + gradient and the low thiamine intracellular concentration maintained by its rapid conversion to thiamine pyrophosphate.The thiamine reabsorption is affected by the activity of Na + /H + exchanger 3 secreting H + for the acidification of tubular fluid.The exit of thiamine into an interstitial fluid is coupled directly to the hydrolysis of ATP in sodium pump.The activity of Na + /H + exchanger 3 has been demonstrated to be enhanced in diabetic patients and suppressed by sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors.Excessive glucose reabsorption is presumed to inhibit the thiamin reabsorption in the proximal tubule, leading to an increase in urinary thiamine excretion as demonstrated in diabetic patients.Thiamine supplementation would not be required only for a carbohydrate-rich diet while keeping in mind the thiamine bioavailability and metabolism in the body.Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between excessive carbohydrate intake and thiamine requirement.
Background and Objective: The dilapidating action of diabetes mellitus makes it a disease of major public health importance.The study was on the effect of mixed aqueous extracts of A. sativum, A. muricata and C. citratus, leaves on the blood glucose and lipid profile of hyperglycemic rats.Materials and Methods: The study adopted an experimental study design where 15 adult male Albino rats were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and 1 non-treatment group, 5 rats in each group.The leaves were harvested and processed into aqueous extract using the standard method.About 1 g each of the extracts was dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water to make a stock of 100 mg mLG 1 of extract.Alloxan was used to induce hyperglycemia in rats.Treatment commenced once diabetes was established and lasted for 21 days.Blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were evaluated using standard methods.Statistical tool (ANOVA and DMRT) was carried out, while percentage difference was used to determine study effect.Results: The result revealed that the initial glucose level of the rats ranged from 57.80-69.60mg dLG 1 , their blood glucose level after induction ranged from 253.20-293.20 mg dLG 1 .There was 14.93, 19.19 and 25.43% fall on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively, in the blood glucose levels of the rats after treatment with mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves, while the antidiabetic drug showed a 15.14, 25.17 and 61.19% decline on same days.The LDL level showed an 80.4% fall, while the was a 28.8% increase in the HDL level of the rats treated mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves.Conclusion: Mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves thus, is useful in anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity as observed in the study and then could be used in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
