Meat products particularly minced meat may be potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistance foodborne pathogens. This work investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of coMinced meat on foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and B. cereus) recovered from minced meat via eight different antibiotics. Our results revealed that Out of 43 isolates identified as S. aureus some isolates were highly susceptible to ofloxacin and Azithromycin (34) 79%, (26) 30.2% respectively, some isolates were resistant to Tetracycline, Trimethoprim\ sulphamethoxazole, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone (38) 88.8%, (28) 65.1%, (24) 55.8% and (20)38% respectively. Out of 22 isolates identified as Bacillus cereus show that some isolates highly susceptible to ofloxacin and Azithromycin (10) 54.4%, (7) 31.8% respectively other isolate were resistant to Tetracycline, Ampicillin/Sulbactam Trimethoprim\ sulphamethoxazole, Clindamycin (19) 86.3%, (17) 77.2%, (15).68.1% and (15) 68.1% respectively. Out of 24 identified isolates of E-coli show that, some isolates highly susceptible to Clindamycin and Azithromycin (13) 54.1%, (11) 45.8% respectively. some isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam Tetracycline, Trimethoprim\ sulphamethoxazole, (19) 86.3%, (14) 58.3%, and (11) 45.8 % respectively. Out of 7 identified isolates of Salmonella some isolates were highly susceptible to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Tetracycline and ceftriaxone (6) 85.7%, (4) 57.1% and (4) 57.1% respectively, some isolates were resistant to Trimethoprim\ sulphamethoxazole, (2) 28.5% respectively.
Among gastrointestinal disorders, acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most frequent reason for hospital admission. It is a terrible, potentially fatal inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The discharge of pancreatic broth into the circulation via AP can cause pancreatic toxemia, which impairs the activities of the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and kidneys. This study examined the potential mechanism of naringin's therapeutic actions in treating rats with acute pancreatitis induced by L-arginine. Rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the L-arginine group (two intraperitoneal injections of 250 mg/100 g body weight at one-hour intervals), the Naringin group (oral administration of 20 mg/kg/BW), and the L-arginine+Naringin group (treatment with Naringin for two weeks following induction of AP with L-arginine).For the assessment of enzymatic action of pancreas, serum activities of lipase and amylase were analyzed. Additionally, the level IL-1β as pro-inflammatory marker was determined. Also, the antioxidant indicator (GSH) was measured. AP induced by L-arginine was confirmed by the elevated serum lipase and amylase. Also, the pro-inflammatory mediator IL1β was elevated. On the other hand, all the biochemical alterations were significantly improved by the administration of Naringin. As a result of its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, Naringin can be utilized as an effective therapeutic for the treatment of AP.
This study describes the formulation and efficacy evaluation of newly combined (Trivalent) inactivated vaccine targeting Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). To enhance immunogenicity, ESSAI ISA 70 M1 oil was utilized as a potent adjuvant and comparing with a commercial locally prepared and imported combined vaccines to determine its efficacy. Two hundred, one day old SPF chicks were utilized and were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: the first one received inactivated trivalent vaccine adjuvanted ESSAI ISA 70 M1, the second was vaccinated with locally commercial combined vaccine; the third received the commercial imported vaccine and the fourth group served as the unvaccinated control. Humoral immune responses were monitored for six weeks post vaccination using Hemagglutination Inhibition test for NDV, while ELISA was employed to quantify antibody titers against IBV, and IBDV. A challenge trial was conducted using highly virulent strains to assess the clinical protection levels provided by three trivalent vaccines. Results indicate that ESSAI ISA 70 M1 adjuvanted combined vaccine elected robust and sustained antibody titers through six weeks post vaccination. Comparative data showed no significant disparity in performance between local formulations and the imported one. The challenge study confirmed high protection percentages with no clinical signs and lesions observed in group vaccinated with new oil adjuvant versus to the control unvaccinated group. These findings suggest that the vaccine using ESSAI ISA 70 M1 adjuvant provides an efficient alternative for poultry immunization, offering localized protection tailored to circulating viral threats.
The study evaluated the effects of conventional beetroot extract and its nano-formulation on quality characteristics and shelf-life of refrigerated meat during 9 days of storage. Meat samples were assigned to four treatments: untreated control (CON), beetroot extract (G1), nano-beetroot extract (G2), and a combination of conventional and nano-beetroot extracts (G3). Physicochemical properties (pH, water-holding capacity, drip loss, and cooking loss), instrumental color parameters (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma, browning index, and total color difference), and microbiological quality, including aerobic plate count (APC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliforms, and Staphylococcus spp., were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 9 days of refrigerated storage. Two-way analysis of variance showed significant effects of treatment, storage time, and their interaction on most parameters (P < 0.05). Beetroot-treated samples had lower pH, improved water-holding capacity, better color retention, and inhibited aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Staphylococcus spp., with the nano-formulation generally showing the greatest antimicrobial activity and preservative potential. The conventional extract better retained redness, whereas the nano-formulation preserved lightness and reduced browning during storage overall.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major cause of feline upper respiratory disease, yet data on its prevalence and risk factors in Egypt remain limited. This study estimated FCV prevalence in selected Egyptian governorates and identified associated factors. Ocular, nasal, and/or oral secretions were collected from 201 cats from Gharbia, Qalyubia, and Cairo governorates and tested for FCV antigen using a commercial immunochromatographic rapid assay. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariate analysis, and significant variables were entered into multivariate logistic regression. FCV antigen was detected in 61/201 cats (30.3%). Prevalence differed numerically by locality—Gharbia (43.8%), Qalyubia (29.7%), and Cairo (26.7%)—but this variation was not significant (P>0.05). FCV positivity was significantly associated with age, sex, breed, vaccination status, housing, and dog contact (P<0.05). The highest prevalence occurred in cats <6 months (45.5%), followed by 7–11 months (31.6%), 1–2 years (18.9%), and >2 years (12.2%). Males showed higher positivity than females (35.6% vs. 19.7%). Egyptian Mau (39.3%) and Sherazi (38.2%) had higher prevalence than Baladi (12.7%). Unvaccinated cats were more frequently positive than vaccinated cats (33.9% vs. 10.0%). Season was not associated with infection (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors: age <6 months (OR=6.439; 95% CI: 2.041–20.314), male sex (OR=2.912; 95% CI: 1.242–6.828), Egyptian Mau breed (OR=8.164; 95% CI: 2.258–29.514), non-vaccination (OR=5.673; 95% CI: 1.366–23.569), and no dog contact (OR=2.703; 95% CI: 1.121–6.519). FCV was commonly detected, with risk concentrated in young, male, unvaccinated cats and specific breeds, supporting targeted vaccination and enhanced surveillance.
