Delayed wound healing is a frequent complication in cancer patients, particularly following chemotherapy, highlighting the need for safe therapeutic strategies that enhance tissue repair. This study evaluated the wound-healing potential of a topical Cinnamon–Clove extract in healthy, tumor-bearing, and doxorubicin-treated tumor-bearing mice using a full-thickness excisional wound model. Wounds were treated with either Carbopol (control) or Cinnamon–Clove extract (30 mg/mL) for 17 days. Wound contraction was assessed by digital planimetry, while tissue regeneration was evaluated histologically. The extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 28.04%. In healthy and tumor-bearing mice, Cinnamon–Clove treatment did not significantly alter wound closure but improved tissue remodeling, as demonstrated by enhanced fibroblast proliferation, collagen organization, re-epithelialization, and restoration of skin architecture. In contrast, doxorubicin markedly impaired wound healing, whereas topical Cinnamon–Clove extract significantly accelerated wound closure, achieving 98.83 ± 1.17% closure compared with 85.80 ± 9.35% in chemotherapy controls by Day 17. Histopathological analysis confirmed enhanced collagen deposition, fibroblast activity, epidermal regeneration, and overall tissue organization in extract-treated wounds. These findings demonstrate that topical Cinnamon–Clove extract improves tissue regeneration and effectively attenuates chemotherapy-induced impairment of wound healing. The extract may represent a promising adjunctive topical therapy for managing delayed wound healing associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a crucial regulator of bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. The current knowledge regarding this review aims to examine the FXR as a prospective therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus. FXR is predominantly found in the liver, intestines, kidneys, and adrenal glands. It can modulate various physiological and pathological processes as metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. There has been recent evidence showing the therapeutic effectiveness of FXR activation to increase insulin sensitivity, inhibit hepatic inflammation, and improve renal impairment in diabetic models. FXR\'s therapeutic utility is varied, with tissue-specific effects and divergent effects reported under different experimental models. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show a pivotal role in manipulating gene expression and are closely linked to diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Some miRNAs targeting direct or indirect effects on FXR pathways were identified in recent studies, which are pivotal for glucose and lipid metabolism. The regulation of them is important in both the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. The current knowledge regarding FXR\'s contribution to diabetes, the metabolic consequences of FXR agonism, and the therapeutic promise to explore new FXR-directed therapies to manage hyperglycemia and secondary complications is also examined in this review.
Background: Orange peel waste (OPW) is an unconventional agro-industrial by-product that has attracted considerable attention as a functional feed ingredient because of its nutritional value and rich content of bioactive compounds. Its dietary inclusion has been suggested to improve growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and tissue health in rabbits. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with OPW at inclusion levels of 5% and 10% in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative status, immune response, and gene expression in growing New Zealand White rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy weaned New Zealand White rabbits were randomly allocated into three experimental groups (n = 8 per group). The control group received a basal diet, whereas the other two groups were fed diets supplemented with 5% or 10% orange peel waste (OPW) for 6 weeks. Growth performance and feed utilization were evaluated weekly. At the end of the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, antioxidant, immune, oxidative stress, and gene expression analyses. Results: Dietary supplementation with orange peel waste improved growth performance and feed utilization compared with the control group. OPW supplementation also improved the serum lipid profile by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein while increasing high-density lipoprotein levels. Antioxidant capacity was enhanced, particularly in the 10% OPW group. Furthermore, OPW enhanced humoral immune response, upregulated genes associated with growth, antioxidant defense, and immune function, especially in rabbits receiving 10% OPW. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with orange peel waste, particularly at the 10% inclusion level, demonstrated beneficial effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense, immune response, and gene expression, in growing New Zealand White rabbits.
Hepatozoon canis, causes canine hepatozoonosis, is an important haemoparasite of domestic and wild carnivores, which is increasingly recognized as an important component of veterinary infectious disease because of complex ecological interactions and geographical distribution of its arthropod vectors. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of H. canis in domestic (herding and pet) and stray dogs in central Iraq using conventional PCR assay with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate epidemiological association between molecular data and potential risk factors involving management type, age, sex, geographical distribution, and area to provide a comprehensive understanding for epidemiological and molecular characteristics of H. canis infection in study dogs. Totally, 170 (68 herding, 72 pet, and 30 stray) dogs of various ages and sexes were selected randomly from different rural, sub-urban and urban areas located in Baghdad, Babylon and Wasit provinces during July (2025)-May (2026). Targeting 18S rRNAgene, venous blood of all study dogs were tested molecularly by conventional PCR, and the positive PCR products were sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. Epidemiological data concerned study dogs were reported and subjected to statistical analysis using the GraphPad Prism software. The results revealed that 24.71% of study dogs were having the DNAs of H. canis; in which, molecular epidemiology indicates the presence of identity at 97.70-99.82% and substitution at 0.02%. Subsequently, the study isolates were closely-related to five global isolates / strains at an identity ranged from 98.54% to 100% and mutation 0.02% and distributed as following: 45.24% to the South Korean C21 isolate (ID: PQ326382.1), 33.33% to the Iraqi SUF8 isolate (ID: PZ476549.1), 11.91% to the Thai BK-39 strain (ID: KF621087.1), 7.14% to the Taiwanese 98-TP-DA09-sd02-M strain (ID: MH595900.1), and 2.38% to Italian 4252 isolate. Epidemiological data demonstrated that the prevalence rate of H. canis was significantly higher in stray (46.7%) and herding (36.8%) dogs than pet dogs (4.2%); dogs aged >4 years old (57.9%) than 1-4 (8.8%) and <1 (4.5%) years; females (33%) than males (10.9%); and in Wasit (33.3%) than Babylon (17%) but not (p<0.304) Baghdad (23.3%); however, no remarkable variation (p>0.05) was detected between urban, sub-urban and rural areas. In conclusion, this might represent the first study in studied provinces; in which, local isolates were closely-related to five global isolates/strains. Epidemiological data reported that prevalence rate and risk of H. canis varied significantly according to management type, age, sex and geographical distribution. This suggests that furthermore such studies are greatly needed to provide more information about the incidence of H. canis.phylogenetically. Epidemiological data concerned study dogs were reported and subjected to statistical analysis using the GraphPad Prism software. The results revealed that 24.71% of study dogs were positively infected dogs with H. canis, in which, phylogenetic analysis indicate the presence of identity at 97.70-99.82% and substitution at 0.02%. Subsequently, the study isolates were closely-related to five global isolates / strains at an identity ranged from 98.54% to 100% and mutation 0.02% and distributed as following: 45.24% to the South Korean C21 isolate (ID: PQ326382.1), 33.33% to the Iraqi SUF8 isolate (ID: PZ476549.1), 11.91% to the Thai BK-39 strain (ID: KF621087.1), 7.14% to the Taiwanese 98-TP-DA09-sd02-M strain (ID: MH595900.1), and 2.38% to Italian 4252 isolate. Epidemiological data demonstrated that the prevalence rate of H. canis was significantly higher in stray (46.7%) and herding (36.8%) dogs than pet dogs (4.2%), dogs aged >4 years old (57.9%) than 1-4 (8.8%) and <1 (4.5%) years, females (33%) than males (10.9%), and in Wasit (33.3%) than Babylon (17%) but not (p<0.304) Baghdad (23.3%), however, n
Histamine is a type of biogenic amine. It poses significant toxicological risks in long-storage dairy products such as Ras cheese. This study evaluated the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) at varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) during a 90-day refrigerated storage period. Values of pH and salt percentages showed no significant differences among the treatments at zero time. After 60 and 90 days, the 0.5% treatment recorded significantly lower pH values compared to the control and 0.1% levels, while salt percentages stabilized across all groups without significant variations. For protein degradation (TVB-N), the control samples exhibited the highest TVB-N levels throughout the entire storage period, whereas the 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations significantly reduced these values (p<0.05). Regarding histamine content, the 0.5% concentration yielded significantly lower histamine levels compared to the control and all other treatments across the storage periods (p<0.05). In terms of sensory evaluation, the 0.1% treatment achieved the highest taste acceptability scores by Day 90. While the 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations initially received lower sensory scores for taste and odor, the extended storage period may have allowed the oil components to gradually integrate well into the cheese matrix, resulting in equalized and stable scores. Regarding consistency, scores stabilized across all treatments from Day 30 to Day 90, showing no significant differences. In conclusion, Nigella sativa oil showed potential in mitigating histamine accumulation. These findings suggest its application as a promising natural additive to delay quality deterioration while maintaining the physicochemical and sensory quality of hard cheeses.
