Chunjia is a new mid-late ripening sweet cherry cultivar bred from a cross between Van and Longguan at Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS.The breeding work started in March 2002,and mature hybrid fruits were collected from Van and stored in a 4 ℃ refrigerator for low-temperature strati-fication treatment.In the spring of 2003,the seeds were sown in the greenhouse and one hundred and twenty hybrid seedlings were planted successfully.In the spring of 2004,the seedlings were transplant-ed into the breeding nursery of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute.By the spring of 2007,most seed-lings started to bear fruits.The indicators of fruit were investigated for three years from 2008 to 2010,including maturity period,soluble solids content,titratable acid,fruit weight and fruit firmness.The off-spring numbered 22-55 was selected as a final superior strain for its big fruit,good taste and stable high yield.It was grafted on a ZY-1 semi-dwarf rootstock and planted in four different areas for variety eval-uation test starting from 2011.The variety was examined and approved by Henan Forest Tree Variety Evaluation Committee and named Chunjia in 2021.The tree is upright with strong growth vigor and branches.It has some characteristics including crack resistance,excellent storage capacity,wide adapt-ability,high temperature resistance during flowering,and flavor with enjoyable taste.The fruits of Chunjia fruits are round with flat fruit top,and dark red-skinned with glossy surface,and the average fruit weight is 9.8 g.The flesh is red with the pink juice,the soluble solid content is 20.8％,the soluble sugar content is 14.52％,the titratable acid is 1.06％,and the vitamin C content is 12.6 mg·100 g1.The fruit quality is excellent with rich flavor,crunchy flesh for storage and transportation,and a high com-modity fruit rate.In Zhengzhou,Chunjia flowers open on March 30-31,with a flowering period of about a week,and fruits mature in late May,with a fruit development period of about 58 days.Chunjia is a self-incompatible variety with the S-genotype S1S9,and the suitable pollinated varieties include Tieton,Chunlu,Milu,Santina,etc.Generally,grafted seedlings begin to bear the first fruits in the third year after being planted,and enter the full fruiting stage in the fifth year with a yield of over 1200 kg per 666.7 m2.
中熟鲜食葡萄新品种'华葡黑峰'是欧美杂种,以'高妻'为亲本,采用实生选种育成.果穗中大,平均单穗质量553.3 g.果粒椭圆形,紫黑色,单粒质量10.8 g;果肉软,多汁,草莓香味浓郁,可溶性固形物含量19.6％,可滴定酸含量0.46％.早果性强,丰产,产量因地区不同控制在11 250～30 000 kg ·hm-2.在辽宁兴城8月下旬成熟.抗病性与'巨峰'相近,抗旱和抗寒性较强,抗盐碱能力中等.
土壤管理是桔园管理的重要一环,良好的土壤管理是柑桔优质高产的基础和重要条件.衢州市桔园大多分布在低山丘陵,主要土壤类型为红黄壤.红黄壤土层深厚,但具有"瘦、酸、黏、板结"等缺点,即有机质含量低,酸性较重,土壤结构不良,营养元素缺乏[1].衢州柑桔栽培历史悠久,是浙江省柑桔主产区,现有柑桔面积2.23万hm2.近几年,衢州市在推进柑桔产业转型升级的过程中,对本地传统土壤管理措施和经验加以完善,试验示范科学的土壤管理技术,推广标准化技术模式,培育桔园优质土壤,取得了初步成效[2].为进一步提升衢州市桔园土壤管理水平,笔者在对当前衢州市桔园土壤管理经验、成效和存在问题进行总结分析的基础上,提出了今后改进桔园土壤管理的对策建议.
Flat peach is a variety of Prunus persica and characterized with flat fruit shape. The production of flat peach has been restricted in very limited regions in China for a very long time, due to cracking fruit, not well-closed fruit top and so on. Some new flat peach/nectarines were released in recent 20years, and attractive to the consumers, such as Zhongpan 11, Jinxia Youpan, and Zhongyoupan 9. These cultivars have made a great progress in their comprehensive traits, especially in fruit size, fruit cracking and fruit shape. however, early maturing cultivar is still rare. In 2011, a cross was made between Zhongyou 15 and 02-77-3. 11 seedlings were finally obtained and planted in the field in 2012. The seedlings began to flower and bear fruit in 2014. After 3 consecutive fruiting years observation, the seedling numbered 7-4-29 was selected for early ripening, perfect appearance and high fruit quality. The regional trials began in 2017. It was named as Zhong Pan 101 and authorized to release in Henan province in2021. The fruit of Zhong Pan 101 is flat with concave fruit apex, the suture is shallow and symmetrical.The fruit size is middle to large with average fruit mass 164 g. The background color of the fruit skin is light green-yellow, and more than 90% of the fruit surface is covered with rose-red color when maturing. The fruit peel is medium in thickness and difficult to tear off. The flesh is yellow, with less anthocyanins under the pericarp at maturity and no anthocyanins near the nucleus. The flesh texture is fine, with less fiber. The fruit is melting and juicy with very good flavor. The content of soluble solids in fruit juice（w） is 13.0%-14.9%. The stone is cling. The pit is small, flat and light brown. The flower is showy with 5 pink petals. The inner wall of the calyx tube is orange yellow. It is fertile with middle to high yield. In Zhengzhou, the bud of Zhong Pan 101 breaks in late February and blooms in middle to late March. The fruit ripens in mid-June, and the fruit development period is about 80 days. The leaves begin to fall in early November, and the annual growth period is about 230 d. Zhong Pan 101 is suitable to cultivate in open field or in protected cultivation condition in Northern China.
