The inert anodeInert anode material is one of the core components of the inert anode aluminumAluminum electrolysis technology, on which researchers have conducted extensive research in recent years. The latest research progress ofMetallic anode metallic anodesAnode, NiFe2O4 based cermet anodesCermet anode, and aluminum electrolysisAluminum electrolysis tests with inert anodes were reviewed in this article. The optimization methods and research status of NiFe2O4 based cermet materials were discussed from three aspects: sintering and preparation process, ceramic phase optimization, and metal phase optimization. The mechanism of conductivity and corrosion was also elucidated. Finally, general conclusions that could be clarified from the current investigations were summarized, and the future development of inert anodeInert anode materials and aluminum electrolysisAluminum electrolysis with inert anodesAnode was addressed. Cermet anode materials and aluminum electrolysis using cermet anodesCermet anode and vertical electrode structures would still be an important direction for future research and development.
In order to realize theHigh-iron red mud large-scale resourcefulness and harmless utilization of high-ironIron red mudRed mud, a pilot-scale experiment on vortex smelting reductionVortex smelting reduction of high-ironIron red mudRed mud was conducted using conditions determined on the basis of laboratory research. The pilot studyPilot study achieved good results. The ironIron recoveryRecovery was 97.12
铜阳极泥是阳极铜电解精炼的副产物,含有大量的银、硒、铜和金,通常通过熔炼的方法来回收其中的银和金,熔炼过程中,银会与硒结合为硒化银(Ag2 Se)和硒化银铜(AgCuSe).硒化银被认为是一种高性价比的热电材料,这种富硒材料的熔炼热力学很少受到关注,本文用电动势法测定了以超快离子导体RbAg4 I5 为固体电解质的固态原电池中Ag2 Se(硒银矿)标准热力学函数的数值,并以真空石英玻璃安瓿中的纯元素为原料合成了Ag2 Se,并用扫描电镜和能谱仪检测其均质性.根据实验数据,得到了Ag2 Se多态形态的解析方程,实验测得α-Ag2 Se向β-Ag2 Se的相变温度为 407.7 K,相变焓为 6.06 kJ/mol,同时给出了Ag2 Se的生成吉布斯能ΔGα-Ag2Se,J =-(40 869.14±0.581 29)-(27.947 59±1.530 34)T,(350 K＜T＜408 K),ΔGβ-Ag2Se,J =-(35 062.17±0.098 95)-(42.178 47±0.218 27)T,(408K＜T＜500 K).
本文研究脆硫锑铅矿低温熔盐冶炼过程中Fe的反应行为.通过模拟脆硫锑铅矿在Na2CO3-NaCl熔盐体系熔炼过程中的Fe反应过程,采用XRD分析FeS、FeS2与ZnO、碳粉在同一体系熔炼过程中Fe的反应行为,并通过SEM-EDS表征脆硫锑铅矿熔炼得到的铅锑合金表面及断面的Fe元素分布.结果表明:在973 K条件下FeS与ZnO发生置换反应形成FeO,FeS2 与Na2CO3 反应形成FeS与Na2S;在1073 K条件下FeS和FeS2与ZnO、碳粉发生还原反应形成单质Fe、Fe3O4 与ZnS;在 1173 K条件下FeS和FeS2与ZnO、碳粉反应产物主要有ZnS、Fe、Fe2O3与Fe3O4.随温度升高或反应时间延长,FeS和FeS2中Fe元素逐步被氧化为Fe、Fe3O4、Fe2O3;Fe最终主要以熔渣形式从反应系统中排出.本研究可为脆硫锑铅矿在Na2CO3-NaCl体系低温熔炼中研究Fe的反应行为提供科学依据.
基于再生铅行业对生产过程中的碳减排需求,本文采用生命周期评价法研究了废铅蓄电池铅膏钠法预脱硫-低温熔炼、碳酸氢铵法预脱硫-低温熔炼和高温熔炼 3 种典型再生铅工艺的碳足迹.结果表明,铅膏回收过程中的碳排放主要来源于能源和还原剂的使用;铅膏高温熔炼工艺的碳足迹为876 kg/t铅;相比高温熔炼,低温熔炼工艺对环境影响力低、污染小,铅膏钠法预脱硫-低温熔炼和碳酸氢铵法预脱硫-低温熔炼的碳足迹分别减少了 38.9%和 25.6%,具有较高的碳减排效益.研究结果为废铅膏回收过程中的碳减排指明了方向,对促进再生铅行业低碳发展具有重要的指导意义.
