In order to further improve the light and temperature performance of Chinese solar greenhouse,and enable the over winter vegetable production in areas north of 50° N with extreme temperature below-40℃,yet having no auxiliary heating,this paper proposed a'double film-double blanket-double chamber'(D-FBC)high insulation greenhouse after reserch innovation.The lighting roof angle of the greenhouse reached 53.82°,and horizontal projection ratio of front and rear roofs was less than 1∶1.The overall lighting and insulation capacity of the greenhouse were significantly improved.At the same time,the supporting greenhouse basic insulation + lighting surface'double film-double blanket-double chamber'thermal insulation + back wall water column passive heat storage + gas water heat exchange ground soil active heat storage and release system all had helped maintaining the greenhouse indoor temperature above 9℃,even when the outdoor extreme temperatures was below-48℃.Thus,safe over winter vegetable production in Tahe County,Heilongjiang Province,at 52° north latitude was successfully realized.
'Zhejiao No.5'is a new pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line'PJ1805'as female parent and'P1524'as male parent.It is early maturity.Its first flower sets on the 6th node.From field planting to the beginning of harvest about 35 days.The fruit is green,claw shaped,16.0 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter.Its VC content was 453 mg·kg-1,capsaicin content is 0.70 mg·kg-1.The single fruit weight is about 15 g with productivity of about 55.5 t·hm-2.It is resistant to TMV,CMV,anthracnose,and Phytophthora blight.It is suitable for Zhejiang protected field,open field,trans-summer cultivation in mountain.
The laboratory toxicity of spinetoram at different concentration gradients against the eggs and different instars larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda in Wuhan was evaluated using the soak and foliage application methods.The results showed that spinetoram had certain inhibitory effect on the hatching of the eggs of S.frugiperda,and showed high toxicity against newly hatched larvae.The lethal medium concentration(LC50)of spinetoram to 2-4 instars larvae were 0.025,0.070 and 0.269 mg·L-1,respectively.In conclusion,spinetoram can still be used as an emergency chemical control insecticide for S.frugiperda,with a focus on the critical window period of application before the 3rd instar stage.
Spring and autumn field experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of two endophytic strains of Fusarium culmorum(F.c)and Fusarium pseudograminearum(F.p)on yields,rhizospere soil nutrients,microbial populations and bacterial diversity of three cabbage varieties('Zhonggan 21'is susceptible to verticillium wilt and black rot,'Manyue 56'is resistant to wilt,'Ximei'is resistant to verticillium wilt and black rot).The results showed that the different fungicides had no significant effect on the spring yields of 3 cabbage varieties,but significantly increased the autumn yield of'Zhonggan 21',and had no significant effect on the autumn yield of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'.Particularly,the number of culturable microbial populations in the rhizosphere soil of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'was bigger than that of'Zhonggan 21'.However,microbial agent applications can significantly increase the number of bacteria,actinomycetes,ammonifying bacteria,and nitrogen fixing bacteria,and improve the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of'Zhonggan 21'.In general,the two endophytic Fusarium strains could reshape rhizosphere health by regulating the microbial community,diversity,and nutrient indicators in the rhizosphere soil to alleviate the obstacles on continuous cropping in cabbage.In conclusion,Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum might act as a promising plant probiotics for the preparation of microbial fertilizers.
