The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the functioning of agri-food clusters in Poland through an analysis of their organisational structure, mechanisms of interaction between participants in the value chain, financial support, and performance results. The methodological framework combined document analysis, structural-functional and case-based approaches, comparative-analytical methods, descriptive interpretation of quantitative indicators, systematisation, and scientific generalisation. The study established that agri-food clusters in Poland function as multilevel networks combining raw-material producers, processing enterprises, logistics structures, sales channels, research institutions, and support bodies. As of 30 June 2025, 83 cluster organisations were registered for Poland on the European Cluster Collaboration Platform; in the 2024 benchmarking sample of 42 clusters, the total number of participants was 4,942, and the average was 117.7 participants per cluster. The key mechanisms were short supply chains, direct links between producers and buyers, shared logistics and packaging solutions, and cooperation in food quality systems. Financial support from the European Union forms the resource basis for development: the budget of the Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plan of Poland for 2023-2027 is EUR 25.243 billion, with EUR 7.778 billion allocated to rural development. The study generalised that the performance of Polish agri-food clusters is determined by the completeness of value-chain coverage, the coordinating role of the cluster core, the participation of research and advisory structures, and the ability to combine local sales forms with broader market channels. The practical value of the findings lies in their possible use by agricultural and regional policy bodies, cluster coordinators, farmers’ associations, processing enterprises, and research institutions for improving cross-sectoral cooperation, planning funding, developing short supply chains, and strengthening the organisational resilience of the agri-food sector
Modern society represents a complex socio-economic system, the development efficiency of which is determined by the economy’s ability to maintain the stability of its elements over certain periods of time. The aim was to justify an integrative approach to the development of comprehensive economic statistics in the context of sustainable development by identifying systemic contradictions, assessing the consistency of statistical data, and determining directions for their harmonisation in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. The study utilised a set of general scientific and specialised methods, including: the analytical generalisation method – for identifying systemic problems in comprehensive economic statistics; comparative analysis – for evaluating data collection schemes and data reconciliation; systems approach – for forming an integrated view of statistics; structural-functional analysis – for determining the role of metadata; logical modelling – for constructing schemes of interrelations between the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals and statistical processes. It was established that the modern socio-economic system is characterised by instability and limited ability to restore equilibrium, which necessitates the integration of statistical systems. It is substantiated that the balance of components of sustainable development is achieved through the coordinated functioning of comprehensive economic statistics. Basic contradictions in accounting practice have been identified, as well as dependencies between sources of statistical errors and the methods used to correct them. The double effect of harmonising public finance data with international standards has been demonstrated. A general scheme of the interconnection between the issues of economic indicators of sustainable development and the directions for improving statistical work has been developed. The role of metadata in ensuring the integration of statistical systems and the inclusion of digital indicators into macroeconomic assessments has been identified. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in their potential to improve the consistency of statistical data, ensure international comparability, and substantiate managerial decisions at the national level within the context of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals
Economic inequality has become a major global concern, and in Ukraine its assessment is complicated by methodological disagreements, post-Soviet institutional specificity, and the unprecedented distributional effects of the full-scale war that began in 2022. The study aimed to assess the dynamics of income inequality in Ukraine over 1990-2025 through systematic comparison of alternative data sources and international benchmarking against countries of similar institutional types. The methodological framework combined the analytical category of “inequality gap”, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, pooled OLS, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects panel specifications, and the Hausman test for model selection. The analysis revealed a statistically significant intergroup typology of countries by inequality gap (F = 51.59; p < 0.001), within which Ukraine (0.163) belonged to the post-Soviet group alongside Georgia (0.211) and Moldova (0.185). Testing of the Kuznets hypothesis showed that the cross-country inverted U-curve (pooled OLS, peak at GDP ≈ 10,452 USD) did not hold when the panel structure was controlled for: the Random Effects specification, selected via the Hausman test, yielded a U-shaped (anti-Kuznets) relationship with a minimum at GDP ≈ 21,288 USD. The Gini coefficient in Ukraine rose from 0.25 (2020) to 0.50 (2025), and the decomposition identified the asymmetric collapse of labour incomes in the bottom quintile alongside rising incomes of the top deciles as the key channel of this shock. The findings allowed positioning the Ukrainian situation not as a methodological anomaly but as a manifestation of institutional features of the post-Soviet space, requiring systemic reforms of economic de-shadowing and progressive asset taxation within the post-war recovery agenda
The relevance of the study was determined by the growing vulnerability of global supply chains under conditions of armed conflict, geopolitical instability, and increasing risks to sustainable development. The purpose of the research was to systematise approaches to supply chain security and to substantiate its role as a key determinant of sustainable development, taking into account international practices and the Ukrainian context. The methodological framework was based on a systematic analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of international security programmes, and synthesis and generalisation methods, which made it possible to identify key patterns, risk factors, and institutional mechanisms of supply chain protection. The study established that supply chain vulnerability was driven not only by external shocks, such as military aggression and infrastructure destruction, but also by internal structural characteristics of modern logistics systems, including extended network configurations and lean inventory strategies. It was determined that effective security was achieved through integrated, risk-oriented and partnershipbased models, combining public-private cooperation, advance information exchange, and differentiated control mechanisms. The analysis of international programmes (C-TPAT, FAST, CSI, AMR) demonstrated their effectiveness in enhancing supply chain resilience while maintaining trade efficiency. The Ukrainian case confirmed that largescale disruptions of transport infrastructure generated systemic economic, social, and environmental consequences, thereby directly affecting sustainable development. It was substantiated that supply chain security functioned as a cross-cutting factor linking economic continuity, social stability, and environmental responsibility. The practical significance of the results lies in their applicability for policymakers, logistics managers, and enterprises in developing adaptive, resilient, and security-oriented supply chain management models in conditions of crisis and post-war recovery
The aim of the study was to measure the level of socio-economic inequalities appeared due to financial exclusion and then to measure their effect on financial well-being of people according to the different socioeconomic characteristics. This research used the 2021 version of Global Findex Survey and was disseminated in 2023 with a sample of 1,003 respondents. The inequality in financial exclusion is measured using the concentration index and the concentration curves. For studying the effect of financial exclusion on financial well-being, binary logistic regression model is used. The results of this research revealed that socio-economic inequalities represented drivers for financial exclusion exemplified in poor, females, rural, unemployed, least educated and young population. With respect to access exclusion, results revealed that 76.7% of the poorest 20%, 70% of the females, 70% of the rural, 68.5% of the unemployed, 65.7% of the uneducated and 85.3% of the young respondents were unbanked. On the other hand, with respect to usage exclusion, results revealed that 88.7% of the poorest 20%, 78.8% of the females. 80% of the rural, 77.7% of the unemployed, 76.8% of the uneducated and 90.8% of the young respondents had inactive accounts. Additionally, results of the regression analysis showed that income, age, and usage exclusion for the purpose of saving have significant effect on financial resilience. While usage exclusion for the purpose of saving, age, working status, and gender have significant effect on financial worry. This research adds significant value to the current knowledge through filling the gap in understanding socio-economic inequalities associated with financial exclusion since it succeeded in identifying those who are financially excluded. The study proposes an action plan that outlines concrete steps aiming at reducing financial exclusion at one hand and promoting financial well-being in Egypt on the other hand
