This study examines the validity of Okun's law in Latin American countries from 1991 to 2023. It expands the traditional analysis by incorporating environmental and energy dimensions, emphasizing renewable energy, environmental degradation, and energy consumption. By applying sophisticated econometric techniques, including the Pedroni and Westerlund ECM (error correction model) cointegration tests, quantile regression, GMM (generalized method of moments), and the PMG (pooled mean group) estimator, the study investigates the relationships among unemployment, GDP growth, and ecological factors. The findings indicate that GDP growth and renewable energy investments reduce unemployment, whereas environmental degradation increases labor market instability. These results show that renewable energy is a very important factor in green job creation, especially when unemployment is high. However, energy consumption has a weaker direct effect on labor markets, pointing to the importance of energy efficiency. The study offers new insights into the interplay of economic, environmental, and energy factors, and provides policy recommendations to support sustainable energy transitions, environmental conservation, and economic growth. These findings contribute to sustainable development discourse by emphasizing tailored strategies for Latin America’s unique challenges.
En este trabajo se definen reglas de repartición de costos a problemas de árboles de expansión de mínimo costo, mediante la asociación de problemas de bancarrota. En particular se proponen dos formas de asociar un problema de bancarrota y se consideran soluciones clásicas de estos problemas: solución proporcional, solución de beneficios iguales restringidos, solución de pérdidas iguales restringidas y solución Talmud. El presente trabajo sigue un enfoque axiomático en el cual se analizan las propiedades que satisfacen las reglas de repartición propuestas.
The study analyzed the effects of Mercoeuro trade liberalization on the Brazilian economy by considering three distinct scenarios, using the computable general equilibrium model for the Brazilian economy. The results indicated that the economic impacts are uneven across regions and sectors, favoring the Southeast and Center-West regions, while less dynamic regions, such as the North, may face difficulties in resource reallocation. Furthermore, the effects on household welfare are heterogeneous, with the highest gains concentrated among higher income groups; whereas for lower income households, the gains are more modest.
This study aims to analyze the main benefits of Brazil’s potential accession to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), drawing on the experiences of Chile and Mexico. The Synthetic Control Method (SCM) will be employed, which involves constructing a counterfactual for an economy exposed to an intervention (OECD membership) by replicating the pre-intervention economic behavior of a comparable economy. The results indicate that OECD accession did not generate a significant difference in the economic performance of Chile and Mexico, which may discourage Brazil from adopting measures to pursue OECD membership.
Este estudio estima la demanda de alimentos en los hogares mexicanos utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2022. Para abordar la alta proporción de hogares con gasto cero en diversas categorías de alimentos, se aplica un sistema de ecuaciones censuradas. Las estimaciones se llevaron a cabo con una submuestra del 10% de los hogares que residen en localidades con más de 15,000 habitantes. Factores sociodemográficos como región, tamaño del hogar, edad, sexo y educación influyen significativamente en el consumo. Al ignorar la censura, el modelo QUAIDS sobreestima las elasticidades del gasto y subestima las elasticidades precio. Los resultados destacan la importancia de emplear modelos censurados en el análisis de políticas alimentarias.
