O obxectivo deste traballo é analizar e caracterizar dous verbos soporte específicos (VSE) da lingua galega. Estudiarémo-los VSE sinonímicos chantar e espetar a través das colocacións con verbo soporte (CVS) que forman para compara-los seus aparatos colocacionais entre si e respecto do dominio do verbo soporte xeral que os contén, dar. Recollerémo-las súas CVS de varios corpus galegos e de procuras na Rede. A nosa análise céntrase no número de CVS diferentes recollidas, na exclusividade que estas presenten e nos valores semánticos que se lles poden atribuír a este tipo de semifrasemas. Os aparatos colocacionais de ambos verbos soporte específicos deberían ser semellantes, pero as diverxencias que atopamos nestes indican que hai unha fixación asimétrica e que non só se especializan en comparación co verbo xeral dar, senón que o fan entre si ata o punto de poder falarmos dunha desactivación do principio de herdanza léxica, a cal cremos que está relacionada cunha desemantización diferente entre estes dous verbos soporte. Non obstante, consideramos que cómpre revisar e refina-la clasificación dos valores para obter conclusións máis contundentes dos aparatos que forman os verbos soporte específicos, os cales teñen un alcance colocacional moi inferior ós dos xerais, como dar, xa que talvez precisen dunha escala máis precisa para o seu estudo.
Este estudo explora as ideoloxías lingüísticas da mocidade galega fronte á crecente hexemonía do inglés, nun contexto de contacto lingüístico global e transformación sociolingüística. O galego, tradicionalmente en situación de subordinación fronte ao castelán, enfróntase agora a novos retos derivados da expansión do inglés como lingua franca. A investigación analiza como dous grupos de discusión compostos por estudantado universitario de Galicia, un de falantes habituais de galego e outro de español, (co)constrúen discursos arredor da supremacía do inglés fronte á lingua propia e do concepto de multilingüismo. O traballo insírese na terceira vaga da sociolingüística e apóiase na Análise Crítica do Discurso, baseándose en investigacións previas sobre a construción do significado social da variación lingüística. Neste contexto, os resultados suxiren que, malia as diferenzas na lingua de uso habitual, a totalidade das persoas participantes reproduce un discurso que asume a premisa da dominación lingüística e un concepto de plurilingüismo reducionista. Deste xeito, o traballo contribúe á visibilización do impacto da globalización sobre as linguas minorizadas e á importancia de reverter unha serie de políticas que non están a promover unha convivencia lingüística equilibrada.
A partir de um conjunto de dados semi-automaticamente anotados do Corpus de Textos Antigos (CTA), este artigo propõe-se a analisar os resultados obtidos sobre a síncope de -d- intervocálico no morfema da 2.ª pessoa plural, e a consequente resolução do hiato, e as terminações de Particípio Passado -udo/-ido nos verbos com origem etimológica nas 2.ª e 3.ª conjugações latinas. A novidade deste artigo está no recurso a métodos de Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) para a otimização da obtenção e extração sistemática dos dados relevantes para análise, contribuindo para um estudo que engloba um maior conjunto de textos. É apresentada a metodologia adotada para a anotação dos dados, e consequente extração dos dados relevantes à análise, afirmando-se a importância do recurso a métodos e ferramentas de PLN para o estudo linguístico e para a descrição dos estados anteriores da língua portuguesa.
In Caboverdean, a Portuguese-related West African language, cleft constructions reveal a variety of elements and word orders, and this is coherent with the crosslinguistic descriptions of these idiosyncratic sentences. But one of the Caboverdean properties stands out: in some contexts corresponding to English it-clefts (here referred to as clefts), the verb BE is not pronounced. This study provides an account for this phenomenon, in which Caboverdean differs from European Portuguese. It is empirically based on the oral corpus LUDViC and takes as a theoretical background the analysis in Delin & Oberlander (2000) that an it-cleft includes an original eventuality (in the subordinate clause) and a created state (expressed by BE, in the main clause), which explains why speakers opt for this type of sentence. Then my own extensions to this idea involve the core ontological opposition between events and facts (Vendler 1967), putting forward this main proposal: Caboverdean speakers use clefts rather than simple declarative sentences because they intend to present that cleft-state as a fact, which is atemporal and therefore may have relevance at the time of utterance regardless of the embedded eventuality temporal location. This also implies that the silent form of BE in the referred Caboverdean clefts - which still are, after all, complex sentences - is & eacute;, not because this form is "grammaticalised", but because it carries a default temporal meaning.
Based on a set of semi-automatically annotated data from the Corpus of Ancient Texts (CTA), this paper aims at analysing the results obtained on the syncopation of intervocalic-d-in the second-person plural morpheme, resulting in a hiatus resolution, and the past participle ending forms-udo/-ido in verbs with an etymological origin in the 2nd and 3rd Latin conjugations. The novelty of this article lies in the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to optimise the systematic collection and extraction of relevant data for analysis, contributing to a study that encompasses a larger set of texts. The methodology used for annotating the data and, consequently, extracting the relevant data for analysis is presented, stating the importance of resorting to NLP methods and tools for the purpose of linguistic study and for describing previous stages of the Portuguese language.
This study explores the linguistic ideologies of Galician youth in the face of the growing hegemony of English, in a context of global linguistic contact and sociolinguistic transformation. Galician, traditionally in a situation of subordination to Spanish, now confronts new challenges derived from the expansion of English as a lingua franca. Our research analyses how two discussion groups composed of Galician university students, one of which is made up of regular speakers of Galician and the other of Spanish, (co-)construct discourses on the supremacy of English over their own language and the concept of multilingualism. The paper is part of the third wave of sociolinguistics and is based on Critical Discourse Analysis, drawing on previous research on the construction of the social meaning of linguistic variation. In this context, the results suggest that, despite differences in the language of habitual use, all participants reproduce a discourse that assumes the premise of linguistic domination and a reductionist concept of multilingualism. In this way, the study contributes to making visible the impact of globalisation on minority languages and the importance of reversing certain policies that are not promoting a balanced linguistic coexistence.
Using linguistic atlases to study lexical variation has proven to be of great importance. The main objective of this work is to analyse eight Spanish zoonyms (dragonfly, ladybird, firefly, butterfly, snake, tadpole, weasel and owl) collected in the Atlas Ling & uuml;istico de El Bierzo (ALBi) from a formal, geolinguistic and motivational point of view. The aim is to study the degree of variation of each concept, the characteristics of the names and the motivations that lead to the creation of the different forms. On the one hand, the results show a high degree of variation, and, on the other hand, the conclusions lead to the assumption that the motivations for the creation of the forms are metaphorical, in accordance with the cognitivist theory, and socio-cultural, related to popular beliefs in the community. In addition, there are also phonetic causes for the variation.
The aim of this work is to analyse and characterise two specific light verbs (SLVs) of the Galician language. We will study the synonymic SLVs chantar and espetar through the light verb collocations (LVCs) they form, to compare their collocational apparatuses with each other and with the domain of the general light verb that contains them, dar. We will collect their LVCs from several Galician corpora and from web searches. Our analysis focuses on the number of different LVCs collected, their exclusivity and the semantic values that can be attributed to this type of semiphrasemes. The collocational apparatuses of both specific light verbs should be similar, but the differences that we find in them indicate that there is an asymmetrical fixation and that they are not only specialised in comparison with the general verb dar, but also with each other to the point of being able to talk about a deactivation of the principle of lexical inheritance, which we believe is related to a different desemantization between these two light verbs. However, we believe that it is necessary to review and refine the classification of values in order to obtain more convincing conclusions about the apparatuses that form these specific light verbs, which have a much lower collocational range than other general verbs, such as dar, as they may require a more precise scale for their study.
El uso de atlas lingüísticos como fuente de datos para el estudio variacional del léxico ha resultado ser de gran relevancia. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar ocho zoónimos (libélula, mariquita, luciérnaga, mariposa, culebra, renacuajo, comadreja y lechuza) recogidos en el Atlas Lingüístico de El Bierzo (ALBi) desde un punto de vista formal, geolingüístico y motivacional, con la intención de estudiar el grado de variación de cada concepto, las características de las denominaciones y cuáles son las motivaciones que llevan a la creación de las distintas formas designativas de los ocho conceptos escogidos. En primer lugar, los resultados del estudio muestran un elevado grado de variación, y, en segundo lugar, que las motivaciones de creación de las formas son de carácter metafórico (de acuerdo con los postulados cognitivistas) y sociocultural (con relación a creencias populares de la comunidad de habla analizada). Además, también se dan variaciones por causas fonéticas.
O obxectivo desta investigación consiste en describi-los resultados das terminacións -anum, -anam, ‑anos e -anas no concello de Castrelo do Val, na comarca verinesa, no conxunto do galego e no continuum dialectal galego-portugués. Os datos proceden do Atlas Lingüístico Galego (ALGa), do Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI) e do traballo de Rodríguez Lorenzo (NEnq 2022) e doutras investigacións, entre as que se inclúe unha pescuda de campo propia. Para a variación na longa duración das terminacións citadas, usáronse datos toponímicos e exemplos de textos do pasado. O cambio fundamental consistiu en simplifica-la sílaba complexa, especialmente nas verbas plurais (‑auns). As mudanzas producidas levaron a que o galego común sexa o centrooriental, o cal conserva formas específicas (con nasalidade imperceptible, que non se grafa) para masculino e feminino e para os seus plurais. O sistema occidental anula a diferenza xenérica dos elementos medievais no singular e no plural ó perde-lo glide do ditongo das palabras masculinas ou ó resultar este imperceptible. Isto fai que se aparte máis das formas medievais có sistema centrooriental, aínda que non tanto como algunhas variedades portuguesas dialectais. O sistema centrooriental e o occidental son o resultado da converxencia que se foi producindo entre territorios veciños con continuidade de poboamento nun tempo grande, que permitiu elimina-la variación neles (-aun / -au / -án). Entre os dous sistemas citados hai unha área híbrida con variedade de resultados. Nela vanse impondo as formas centroorientais. No territorio non occidental hai illas conservadoras con -án e con [ã], e lugares innovadores con -ou.
At the end of the twentieth century, London and Madrid became large cities with a high proportion of young, limmigrant population coming from different countries and cultures. This had a great impact on their linguistic landscape with the creation of a multiethnolect. As a result, a new language variety known as Multicultural London English emerged in London. In the case of Madrid, the conglomerate of speakers from different origins and linguistic minorities is not so visible although this condition also had a bearing on the variety of Spanish spoken here. This paper focuses on the role of language contact and cases of linguistic innovation. We analyse samples extracted from different youth language corpora, such as COLT (The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage English) and LEC (London English Corpus) for English, and COLAm (Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente de Madrid) for Spanish. The findings indicate that, in the case of Multicultural London English, there are many terms of Caribbean origin together with some others from Arabic, American English slang, Spanish, Italian, and French. In the variety of Spanish spoken in Madrid we also identify terms from other dialects of Spanish together with words from English and from other speakers belonging to marginal sectors of society. Examples of innovation in the use of quotatives as well as in the categories of intensifiers, invariant tags, vocatives, clipped forms, etc., are also singled out and discussed. This paper confirms that language contact plus a young and an ethnically diverse population constitute the perfect combination for innovation and language change.
In the literature, the universal definite quantifier ambos 'both', unlike its equivalent os dois 'the two', is regarded as almost exclusively distributive, inasmuch as it blocks collective readings, except in a few special contexts. These include instrumental adjuncts (as in the counterpart of 'he lifted the box with both hands') and, only for some speakers, operators of the type of mesmo 'same' (as in the counterpart of 'they both attend the same school'). Sentences with ambos and collectivizing predicates, such as symmetric adjectives ( diferente 'different'), reciprocal operators (um com o outro 'each other'), collectivizing adverbials (em conjunto 'together'), quasi-divisible predicates ( unir esfor & ccedil;os 'join efforts') or indivisible predicates ( somar 12 'equal 12') are generally considered anomalous. In this paper, the use of ambos in contemporary standard (mainly European) Portuguese is assessed, taking into account all these critical contexts. The observation of data from contemporary newspaper writing and from literary text (of the past 500 years) and the data from a survey among 20 native speakers (linguistic experts) shows that this is an area of exceptionally intense linguistic variation, where signs of significant linguistic change are additionally observed.
This study presents a novel approach to investigating implicit and explicit attitudes towards Traditional Galician and Galician Spanish by means of data triangulation. Unlike prior research, we first depart from the Implicit Association Test (IAT) results to determine the participants' implicit biases. Then, we carried out four semi-structured interviews as well as a focus group with six participants - selected according to the biases obtained in the IAT. The results indicate that implicit attitudes are less homogeneous than explicit ones, confirming that languages in Galicia continue to present a clear indexical value. Moreover, detected biases in the IAT predominantly align with linguistic variables, particularly family language and everyday language in different contexts. These results highlight the relationship between attitudes towards languages and language use. At an explicit level, the discourse is quite homogeneous, generally favorable to Galician, but primarily indeterminate. However, we detect the maintenance of certain prejudices among L-1 Castilian speakers, prejudices which L-1 Galician speakers are unable to challenge, placing themselves in the same framework as the former.
In 1801, during the War of the Oranges, the Portuguese territory of Olivenza was occupied by troops commanded by Manuel Godoy, thus becoming administered by Spain (Treaty of Badajoz, 1801). This change of sovereignty also brought about profound changes in various aspects of life in this territory next to the river Guadiana, including linguistic aspects. In this context, Castilian displaced Portuguese and became the language of the new administration, relegating the Portuguese language to a secondary role. After more than two centuries, Portuguese is currently in a precarious situation, where protection measures are scarce or non-existent and the legal framework is practically absent. This paper presents the results of a research on the sociolinguistic situation of Olivenza. The focus of this research is on the role that linguistic attitudes play in the sociolinguistic situation of Portuguese in the city of Olivenza. In order to achieve this objective, we present an analysis of the linguistic usages and attitudes extracted from a corpus of interviews conducted with citizens of the city of Olivenza. The preliminary results reveal that Portuguese in Olivenza is in a clear situation of minoritization and that the linguistic attitudes of the people of Olivenza are not generally very favourable to the use and preservation of the Portuguese language.
This paper is dedicated to the study of the common vocabulary between Galician and Asturian-Leonese, and also Castilian, during the Middle Ages, with the aim of showing the existence of the linguistic continuum in the northwest of the Peninsula at the lexical level. We focus on two very specific semantic fields: the units of measurement and containers, on the one hand, and the rural areas on the other. In our study, we used a corpus comprising more than 160 documents written throughout the 15(th) century in Vega de Espinareda and other towns in El Bierzo, preserved in the National Historical Archive of Spain. We analyze the etymology of each word selected, its geographical extension, and its first documentation in both Asturian-Leonese and Galician as well as in other Peninsular romances. To this purpose, we use various online dictionaries as well as other online lexicographic repertoires and linguistic corpora.
