深入分析中国农产品出口影响因素与贸易潜力,可为科学把握入世以来中国农产品贸易趋势,进一步推动中国农产品贸易发展提供参考.基于2001～2020年中国向主要国家和地区出口农产品贸易数据,采用随机前沿引力模型和贸易非效率模型探究其影响因素,进一步测算贸易潜力与效率.结果表明,中国与农产品主要进口国的经济规模和地理边界因素对贸易有显著正向影响,而人口规模和地理距离有显著负向影响;班轮运输连通性指数、关税水平、自贸协定签订和世贸组织加入情况可显著促进贸易效率提升,而贸易自由度和货币自由度对贸易效率提升有显著阻碍作用.此外,中国对日本的农产品出口贸易潜力最大,而对越南、泰国等东南亚国家的出口贸易潜力较小.对此,应利用好WTO新一轮谈判契机,加强与各国之间的农产品贸易合作;持续推动国家经济发展,大力推进农产品国际贸易基础设施建设,与各国共同打造高效畅通便捷的农产品立体交通贸易网络;积极推进与贸易效率较高国家的合作,进一步挖掘贸易潜力.
It is of important value to explore farmers’ motivation of adopting GMR（green manure-rice system） for revealing the behaviorial process and formulating supporting strategies. In this paper, a theoretical analytical model of the influence of heterogeneous household endowment on the adoption motivation of GMR is constructed by systematically identifying the scientific category of farmers’ adoption motivation, and an empirical analysis was subsequently conducted by using the survey data of 541 farmers in Southern Rice Region of China. Results showed that there were positive internal motivation and negative external motivation for farmers to adopt GMR. The adoption motivation of a single farmer had multiple compound characteristics,while the whole farmer group was mainly driven by internal economic motivation. Compared with the farmers with external motivation, farmers with abundant human capital, economic capital and natural capital were more likely to have internal motivation for GMR adoption, while the farmers with higher degree of fragmentation of family land and lower natural endowment were more likely to have external motivation for adopting GMR.Compared with farmers with non-economic motivation, young farmers with large family agricultural labor force and high proportion of agricultural income were more likely to have economic motivation, while farmers with part-time agricultural operation were more likely to have non-economic motivation to adopt GMR. Compared with the farmers with social relation motivation, the farmers with compensation incentive motivation were mostly males, and the arable land operated by their families was larger, while the farmers with contracted land were more inclined to have social relation motivation when GMR was adopted.
Clan network is an important factor affecting the competitiveness of farmers’ entrepreneurial enterprises. Based on relevant data from the "Thousand Village Survey" of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, the influence of clan network on the competitiveness of farmers’ entrepreneurial enterprises was empirically tested, and the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between the two was explored. The research showed that the natural trust foundation of the clan network effectively alleviated the disadvantages of the resource acquisition capabilities of farmers’ entrepreneurial enterprises and promoted the enhancement of the competitiveness of farmers’ entrepreneurial enterprises. The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility played a significant role as an intermediary between the clan network and corporate competitiveness, which specifically showed the positive impact of alleviating the pressure of stakeholders and providing assistance to corporate competitive advantages at the same time.
As the main source of cultivating new agricultural operating subjects and professional farmers,and cultivating local talents, "the second generation of farmers" has positive significance for promoting the prosperity of rural industries and realizing the comprehensive rural revitalization strategy. Based on the survey data of Henan, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, structural equation model（SEM） was used to analyze the mechanism of social capital on the adoption degree of agricultural innovation management behavior of "the second generation of farmers". The results showed that: when the effect of knowledge stock was not considered,structural social capital had a significant positive impact on the adoption of new production and circulation technologies for "the second generation of farmers", the influence of cognitive social capital on the adoption degree of new production technology was significantly positive. Tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge in structural social capital and the production and circulation of "the second generation of farmers" of new technology adoption were the partial mediation effect in the degree of relationship, in the cognitive model of social capital and "the second generation of farmers" of new production technology of adoption relations were partial mediating effect, in the cognitive model of social capital and “the second generation of farmers" of new circulation technology adoption relations were the suppressing effects. The indirect effect of tacit knowledge was greater than the mediating effect of explicit knowledge. The results of this study had theoretical implications for the study on the adoption degree of "the second generation of farmers" agricultural innovative management behavior and had important practical significance for promoting "the second generation of farmers" agricultural innovative management and the development of modern agriculture.
Based on the perspective of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, food security theories were extracted from the classical works of Marxism and the theoretical logic, practical path and contemporary revelation of national food security in the new era were discussed. The study found that the theory of national food security guarantee in the new era originated from the innovation and development of Marxist food security theory, the path was determined by the world conditions, China’s national conditions and agricultural conditions, and the core lay in the establishment of socialist food production methods with Chinese characteristics. Cultivating modern food production factors at the micro level, establishing and developing a modern food industry system at the meso level, and strengthening the modernization of the food security governance system and governance capacity at the macro level were the practical paths to guarantee national food security in the new era. Finally, we explore the revelation of the times from the starting point, political guarantee, realization path, and demands of the times of national food security guarantee practice in the new era.
