The results of scientific research on the dynamics of desertification processes in Astrakhan Oblast, RF, using geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data for the period from 2002 to 2024 are presented. The provisions of the landscape approach make the theoretical basis of the research; it assumes the genetic relationships of landscape components and their mutual influence. Mathematical and cartographic analysis of desertification considering its complex types and geoinformation processing of time series space satellite images allowed us to gain new knowledge on changes in the total spreading of the process in the research area and establish influencing natural and anthropogenic factors. The developed regression equations enabled determining desertification trends based on changes in the projective vegetation coverage in the studied area, to identify their correlation with anthropogenic factors (the number of sheep and goats) and weather conditions (annual precipitation). To prevent an increase of desertification during the period of decreasing precipitation, it is necessary to reduce the load on pastures, and restore their productivity, carry out phytomelioration work using highly productive reclamation plants (Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Calligonum aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and others) and reserving of pasture areas for the seed renewal of phytocenoses
A geographic information system was developed for proactive forecasting of space weather impact risks on railway infrastructure facilities. The scientific novelty of the solution lies in the geospatial coupling of the OVATION Prime empirical auroral oval model with a digital map of Russia's railway network and ranking geomagnetic threat zones. The oval localization is used as a proxy for identifying areas of maximum geomagnetic hazard and geomagnetically induced current generation. The system architecture implements an end-to-end processing from streaming data on the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center to a risk map, with a time delay of approximately 90 s. The time between the solar wind passing the first Lagrange point and the delivery of the spatial modeling result is up to 15 minutes. The spatial resolution is 0,25° × 0,25°. Verification of the system against all-sky camera data showed an overall forecast accuracy of 77 % with a Type I error of 14 %. It was found out that under an extreme geomagnetic threat (Kp = 9), the risk zone covers sections as far south as the South-Eastern and South Ural railways, with the frequency of such events reaching three to four per eleven-year solar cycle. The practical significance is confirmed by a working prototype and the opportunity to scale the system to other spatially extended critical infrastructure facilities
The authors substantiate a method for constructing a local quasigeoid height model based on given anomaly values at discrete points along the axis of a linear object route. It is based on approximating the differences between EGM-2008 height anomalies and the quasigeoid using piecewise algebraic polynomials with conditions of continuity and smoothness at their junctions. The necessary formulas for calculating the model parameters and assessing its accuracy are presented. Experimental studies of the local quasigeoid model constructed for a section of the M-11 high-speed motorway route are presented, they confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The constructed second-order model allows transforming geodetic heights obtained by GNSS into normal ones of the Baltic Height System 1977 with a root-mean-square error of about 10 mm on this route section. The results of the work are of practical importance for improving the accuracy of engineering and geodetic surveys of linear objects performed using satellite methods of space geodesy
During flight testing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for remote sensing, one of the key stages is qualimetry of optoelectronic surveillance systems based on linear ground resolution. It is to be checked at different flight altitudes, which is often difficult to achieve due to restrictions on using airspace by UAVs and adverse weather conditions. The author focuses on development of a methodology for determining the linear resolution of optoelectronic systems using predictive research methods. This study resulted with a methodology for determining linear ground resolution based on extrapolation of the trend of its dependence on flight altitude using a third order polynomial function. This methodology enabled predicting the said resolution without performing flights at a given altitude. The author presents the results of evaluating the linear ground resolution of the optoelectronic target equipment of a quadcopter-type UAV, obtained in accordance with the proposed methodology. The predicted linear resolution estimates obtained through the developed methodology were confirmed to be 96,2 % precise. This technique makes an effective tool for qualimetry of optoelectronic systems during flight tests. Eliminating the need for flights at a predetermined altitude allows for optimization of the flight test program, thereby reducing the testing time taken by unmanned aerial vehicles for remote sensing
The results of testing a digital method for a comprehensive, rapid survey of unused agricultural lands are presented using Kaluga Oblast, RF, as an example. The method is based on a three-stage approach, including office-, field-, and analytical stages, and provides an automated assessment of the land’s suitability for agriculture and the economic feasibility of such a development. A survey of 333 plots revealed that economically viable works are possible for only 9 plots, due to the high density of forestation, significant costs of land management, and the low profitability of agricultural production in the region. A comparison with the results of testing the method in Novgorod Oblast, RF, confirms the significant influence of natural, zonal, and economic conditions on the effectiveness of idle land use. The obtained results demonstrate the practical value of digital, rapid methods for quick making of regional land development plans
