Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage devices by virtue of their high specific capacity, high degree of safety, non-toxicity, and significant economic benefits. However, Zn anodes in aqueous electrolyte suffer from zinc dendrites and side reactions, which lead to a low coulombic efficiency and short life cycle of the cell. Since electrolytes play a key role in the Zn plating/stripping process, versatile strategies have been developed for designing an electrolyte to handle these issues. Among these strategies, electrolyte additives are considered to be promising for practical application because of the advantages of low cost and simplicity. Moreover, the resulting electrolyte can maximally preserve the merits of the aqueous electrolyte. The availability and effectiveness of additives have been demonstrated by tens of research works. Up to now, it has been essential and timely to systematically overview the progress of electrolyte additives in mild acidic/neutral electrolytes. These additives are classified as metal ion additives, surfactant additives, SEI film-forming additives, and complexing additives, according to their functions and mechanisms. For each category of additives, their functional mechanisms, as well as the latest developments, are comprehensively elaborated. Finally, some perspectives into the future development of additives for advanced AZBs are presented.
在现行国标GB/T18801-2022《空气净化器》基础上,开发了低浓度单成分甲醛加载模型和低浓度混合成分(甲醛和甲苯)加载模型,通过对三种加载方式的加载量、加载前/后洁净空气量(CADR)变化率的分析,比较三种加载方式对空气净化器长效净化气态污染物性能的影响.结果表明,使用同一空气净化器,按现行国标评价,当加载量达到指定量时,甲醛CADR仅衰减 6.2%.而使用本文两种长效评价方法,随着长时间处理低浓度污染物,净化器的甲醛CADR指标会明显下降,且污染物成分越复杂,甲醛CADR下降越明显.因此采用低浓度混合成分(甲醛和甲苯)加载模型,测试条件更加严苛,更贴近真实使用场景,故能够准确评价空气净化器真实性能,为相关测试方法及标准的制定提供借鉴.
利用多组分反应方法,以取代氢化吲哚、苯肼、丁炔二酸二酯为原料,合成了 10 个多取代吲哚衍生物 4-取代-(4,5,6,7-四氢-6,6-二甲基-4-氧-1-对苯甲基-1H-吲哚-7-基)-5-羟基-1-苯基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸酯 4a～4j,收率为77%～83%.其结构均通过红外、核磁和质谱等方法加以表征.采用 SRB 法对目标化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性的测试,结果表明:目标化合物 4 对胃癌细胞系SGC7901 在浓度为 2.5、10、40 μg/mL时发挥较强的抑制作用,抑制率从 2.29%到 77.33%,且化合物的细胞毒性呈浓度依赖性;其中,4g、4h抑制能力最强;进一步检测目标化合物 4 对肺癌细胞系A549 的生长抑制能力,结果显示多数化合物均呈现较强的抑制作用;其中,4a和 4e发挥更强的抑制能力.
以辛基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-581)为原料,合成硅烷低聚物DJW-581.通过红外光谱和TGA热重分析仪对合成物进行表征,并通过测试挥发性、改性粉体的挤出性和硬度变化,分析探究硅烷低聚物对有机硅导热凝胶和导热垫片的影响.实验发现硅烷低聚物失重温度为 215℃,远高于单体硅烷偶联剂失重温度 90℃,更适合作为耐温导热凝胶和垫片的改性助剂.且 150℃条件下,硅烷低聚物可使导热凝胶保持长期的挤出性能稳定性,可有效减缓导热垫片老化硬度上升的程度.
高熵 MXene 是一种多组元(五种或五种以上的元素)的高熵二维材料,常见的有 TiVNbMoC3Tx、TiVCrMoC3Tx和(Ti1/5V1/5Zr1/5Nb1/5Ta1/5)2CTx等.简单介绍了高熵材料、高熵合金、高熵二维材料到高熵MXene的演变过程,从高熵MAX相制备得到高熵MXene,详细综述了高熵MXene的耐腐蚀性、晶格应变、不饱和位点和空位、可调原子组分,其中在不饱和位点和空位方面表现出优异的催化活性.总结了高熵 MXene 的结构特征和组织性能.最后展望了高熵MXene在催化、储能、电磁屏蔽和超导等领域的应用前景.
